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From: Thomas Shaddack <tsc..._at_shaddack.mauriceward.com>
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Subject: Re: [TSCM-L] {3265} Re: IBM announces MRI with 100 million times
better resolution
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NMR machines for substance identification and measurements can be
surprisingly small. Here is one from MIT, using permanent NdFeB magnets.
http://web.media.mit.edu/~fletcher/nmr/nmr.html
WAY smaller designs are possible too. See NMR-on-a-chip here:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080219203523.htm
Could it be possible to design a "pen" that after being touched to the
surface, reports its NMR spectrum? It's already possible with infrared and
there are x-ray spectrometers for quick analysis of metals. Unlike
infrared, which is stopped at the surface, NMR analyzer could have deeper
penetration, able to spot painted-over changes too.
When we are touching this problematics...
There's the field of chemical imaging that could be of interest.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_imaging
MRI is only one of analytical techniques available, and I don't think it's
the best one for field purposes. I'd focus more on the infrared spectra.
Long-wave IR can yield a lot of information about the nature of the
materials. Then we have Raman spectroscopy too, which can also be used for
imaging. And there's the emerging field of terahertz spectroscopy, about
which I know woefully little.
> Well, yes, that much I can understand. But my understanding of the way
> MRIs work (which is basically limited to that which I picked up working
> as a high school summer intern in Siemens Germany's MRI division, RF
> systems group) is that you pretty much need a massive and highly uniform
> magnetic field as well as a lot of RF in order to make anything happen.
> The equipment needed is generally stuff like large superconducting
> magnets (with associated liquid helium and liquid nitrogen cooling
> systems) and banks of RF gear. This seems to preclude bringing an MRI
> along on a sweep to an office that contains magnetically sensitive
> things -- like computer hard drives. You'd erase the data in a whole
> company just bringing it to the board room! Furthermore, it seems like
> the RF needed with an MRI would overpower any signals you're looking for.
>
> Now, looking at the original IBM press release
> (http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26453.wss) they aren't
> using all the RF accoutrements of traditional MRI. It's not clear
> whether they still need a magnetic field on the order of several T. But
> the sample size is nanoscale (you would have to take samples from the
> entire glue line and image them individually), so I don't see any
> practical difference for the TSCM operator compared with e.g. bringing
> along a mass spectrometer.
>
> Best,
> Eric
>
>
>
> James M. Atkinson wrote:
> > Eric,
> >
> > In TSCM we are extremely interested in the slightest variation in the
> > composition of a thing such as glue lines, or repainted items. N such
> > cases we want to know about things that are physically or chemical
> > different from the things nearby them.
> >
> > We are also interested in extremely minute electromagnetic fields
> > that are in close proximity to something we are examining.
> >
> > There are MRI machine available right now that are about the same
> > size as two kitchen refrigerators, and if this new development from
> > IBM works out in a five to ten years we could have portable MRI
> > machines that are a size of a couple of suitcases.
> >
> > -jma
> >
> >
> >
> > At 02:05 PM 1/13/2009, Eric Schmiedl wrote:
> >
> >> Would you mind elaborating on the potential applications to TSCM?
> >>
> >> As far as I know, MRIs aren't exactly portable, and the very high
> >> magnetic (and RF) fields they use makes them problematic when you bring
> >> them into situations with ferromagnetic stuff (and radio gear).
> >>
> >> James M. Atkinson wrote:
> >>> There are some very interesting and profound TSCM applications for
> >>> this technology.
> >>>
> >>> -jma
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> http://www.tgdaily.com/html_tmp/content-view-40969-113.html
> >>>
> >>> IBM announces MRI with 100 million times better resolution
> >>> Trendwatch
> >>> By Rick C. Hodgin
> >>>
> >>> Tuesday, January 13, 2009 07:00
> >>>
> >>> San Jose (CA) - In collaboration with the Center for Probing the
> >>> Nanoscale at Stanford University, today IBM announced a magnetic
> >>> resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with 100 million times better
> >>> resolution than convention MRIs - down to nanometer scales. The new
> >>> device operates on samples, not large scale bodies. However, with
> >>> such high resolution it has basically become a 3D replacement for the
> >>> scanning tunneling electron microscope able to see proteins and
> >>> viruses at scales down to 4nm.
> >>>
> >>> Full details of the device will be published in today's Proceedings
> >>> of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), and a video on YouTube
> >>> can be seen here. IBM believes the MRI at such high resolutions may
> >>> be able to "unravel the structure and interactions of proteins,
> >>> paving the way for new advances in personalized healthcare and
> >>> targeted medicine."
> >>>
> >>> According to Mark Dean, VP of strategy at IBM Research, "This
> >>> technology stands to revolutionize the way we look at viruses,
> >>> bacteria, proteins, and other biological elements."
> >>>
> >>> A technique called magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM), which
> >>> relies on detecting ultra-small magnetic forces, allowed for the
> >>> advancement. In addition to its high resolution which is comparable
> >>> in resolution that of a scanning electron microscope, the imaging
> >>> technique can see deep into structures and not just the topography.
> >>>
> >>> According to the press release, the IBM-led team was able to
> >>> visualize biological objects for the first time on MRI - including
> >>> viruses. They were able to see a tobacco mosaic virus, for example,
> >>> which is only 18 nanometers across, with resolutions produced by the
> >>> MRI down to 4 nanometers.
> >>>
> >>> Dan Rugar, manager of nanoscale studies at IBM Research, said, "Our
> >>> hope is that nano MRI will eventually allow us to directly image the
> >>> internal structure of individual protein molecules and molecular
> >>> complexes, which is key to understanding biological function."
> >>>
> >>> The IBM MRFM uses a magnetic sensor tip which picks up on the minute
> >>> magnetic forces of hydrogen atoms in the sample, called a resonant
> >>> slice. The slice sits beneath a tiny silicon cantilever which
> >>> vibrates in the presence of minute magnetic fields. Vibrations are
> >>> tracked by a laser interferometer, recording 3D details of whatever's
> >>> at that location. Image courtesy of IBM.
> >>>
> >>> Unlike conventional MRIs (which use gradient and imaging coils) on a
> >>> persons entire body, IBM's device is small scale. It uses MRFM to
> >>> "detect tiny magnetic forces as the sample sits on a microscopic
> >>> cantilever - essentially a tiny sliver of silicon shaped like a
> >>> diving board. Laser interferometry tracks the motion of the
> >>> cantilever, which vibrates slightly as magnetic spins in the hydrogen
> >>> atoms of the sample interact with a nearby nanoscopic magnetic tip.
> >>> The tip is scanned in three dimensions and the cantilever vibrations
> >>> are analyzed to create a 3D image."
> >>>
> >>> In 1986, IBM researchers Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer received the
> >>> Nobel Prize for Physics for their invention of the scanning tunneling
> >>> microscope, which can image individual atoms on electrically
> >>> conducting surfaces.
> >>>
> >>> IBM Research is the world's largest industrial research organization,
> >>> employing 3,000 scientists and engineers in eight labs and six countries.
> >
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Received on Sat Mar 02 2024 - 00:57:28 CST