Are Jews White?

by

Robert E. Reis

Many years ago Senator Joseph McCarthy was asked how he identified a communist. He responded that if something looked like a duck, waddled like a duck, quacked like a duck and hung around with a lot of other ducks, he had found a duck.

Science has advance a lot since then.

It is a politically correct opinion to hold that races do not exist.1 Even those scientists who promote this doctrine have to admit there are genetic clusterings; recognizable groups of people who look more like members of their group than they look like members of other groups. It would be an aberrant scientist who did not see a difference between native Swedes, Germans, and Poles and native Chinese, Koreans and Japanese.

Many scientific studies of the DNA of various groups of human beings have been done.

One study allocates Iranians, English people, Danes and Greeks to a tight cluster, Japanese and Koreans to another cluster, Khmer, Micronesians, and Malays to another cluster, and Bantus, Nilo-Saharans, and West Africans to yet another cluster. Near Easterners are located about as far from Iranian, English, Danish, Greek cluster as the Chinese are located from the Micronesians.

Another study recognizes seven genetic clustering in the following order of genetic distance: African, Caucasoid, Northeast Asian, Arctic Asia, America, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Australian.2

This same study, confusingly enough, also recognizes nine genetic clusterings in the following order of genetic distance from Africans: Africans, Non-European Caucasoids, European Caucasoids, Northeast Asians, Arctic Northeast Asians, Southeast Asians, Amerindians, New Guineans and Australians, Pacific Islanders.

Another analysis identified five major human clades, [groups that include all descendants of one common ancestor]: sub-Saharan Africans, Caucasians, Greater Asians, Australopapuans and Amerindians. 3
 
It is fair to say that a minimal definition of whiteness must be restricted to the European Caucasian genetic clustering. I have witnessed and also read the reports of ethnic rioting in Europe where groups of non-European Caucasians attacked European Caucasians and verbally abused them as “whites”. When members of the Near Eastern genetic clustering talk about “whites”, they are not talking about people from the Non-European Caucasian clustering from Iran or India.

Is there a recognizable Jewish genetic clustering? If the Jewish genetic clustering exists, is it part of the European Caucasian genetic clustering?

Both before and after the discovery and use of DNA evidence, scientific research has examined the biological relationships among Jews and between Jews and the non-Jewish populations among whom they lived.

Mourant, Kopec, and Domaniewska-Sobczak reported that blood group data support the relative homogeneity of the main historic Jewish communities and that Jews are essentially a single people with a limited genetic resemblance to the populations among whom they dwell4

Sachs and Bat Miriam reported impressive similarity between the Jewish populations in nine countries in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Europe while they found important genetic differences between the Jews and the non-Jews in the same countries.5

Studies of blood group data published in 1977 and 1979 found no significant difference in Jewish populations from Iraq, Libya, Germany, or Poland. They estimated that the genetic distance between Gentiles and Jews living in the same area is three to five times greater than for Jews living in the different nations studied. The earlier study concluded that not much admixture has taken place between Ashkenazi Jews and their Gentile neighbors during the last 700 years or so.6 6


Mille and Kobyliansky discovered in studies of dermatologlyphic, the science of the study of skin patterns, data that Eastern European Jews are much more similar to Middle-Eastern than they are to the non-Jewish Eastern Europeans.7

Kobyliansky and Livshits estimated that Jews in Russia were six times more distant from Russians than Russians were from Germans. They also reported the Jews to be completely separate from the twenty-four other ethnic groups studied in Russia, Germany, and Poland.8

Sofaer, Smith, and Kaye compared modern Jews and the skeletons of 3,000-year old Jewish skeletons discovered in the Middle East. The ancient Jewish skeletal group turned out to be far more similar to the modern Jewish populations than to every non-Jewish group studied except for one, an Arab Druse group from the 11th century. 9

Livshits, Sokal and Kobylianskyt investigated the genetic affinities of Jewish populations. They concluded that Jewish populations are more like one another than they are to non-Jews and that pairs of Jewish populations from different locations are more alike than pairs of non-Jewish populations. They maintain that the most economical explanation of their findings is that the modern Jewish population throughout the world is derived from a from a common original gene pool which underwent few changes during the dispersion of the Jewish people. They also report that it is highly likely that the common origin of the Jewish populations must be more recent than that of the non-Jews.10


In 2001, the scientific journal Human Immunology published a keynote research paper by the Spanish geneticist Professor Antonio Arnaiz-Villena and others, showing that Middle Eastern Jews and Palestinians are genetically almost identical. The research team had found no data to support the idea that Jewish people were genetically different from other people in the region. The Jewish reaction was intense, abusive, threatening and effective. Human Immunology's editor was threatened by mass resignations from members if she did not retract the article. Human Immunology urged its members who had already received copies containing the article to rip out the offending pages and thrown them away.11

The evidence is conclusive. Jews are part of an identifiable genetic clustering. This clustering is part of the Near Eastern genetic clustering. The Near Eastern genetic clustering is part of the Non-European Caucasians clustering. Jews are not white.





1 E.g., Olson, S. April 2001. The Genetic Archaeology of Race. Atlantic Monthly.
http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/04/olson-p1.htm
2 Cavalli-Sforza et al, 1994, p.79.

3 Nei, M. and Roychoudhury, A. 1993. Evolutionary Relationships of Human Populations on a Global Scale.  Molecular Biology and Evolution 10(5):927-943.

4 Mourant, A. E., A. C. Kopec, & K. Domaniewska-Sobczak (1978). The
Genetics of the Jews. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.

5 Sachs, L., & M. Bat-Miriam (1957). The Genetics Of Jewish Populations.
American Journal Of Human Genetics. 9:117-126.

6 Bonné-Tamir, B., Ashbel, S., & Kenett, R. (1977). Genetic Markers: Benign
And Normal Traits Of Ashkenazi Jews In Genetic Diseases Among Ashkenazi Jews. Ed. R. M. Goodman & A. G. Motulsky. New York: Raven Press. Karlin, S., R. Kenett & Bonné-Tamir, B. (1979). Analysis Of Biochemical
7 Mille, S. & Kobyliansky, E. (1985). Dermatoglyphic Distances Between Israeli
Jewish Population Groups Of Different Geographic Extraction. Human
Biology. 57: 97-111.


8 Kobyliansky, E. & Livshits, G. A. (1985). Morphological Approach To The
Problem Of The Biological Similarity Of Jewish And Non-Jewish
Populations. Annals Of Human Biology. 12:203-212.


9 Sofaer, J. A., Smith, P. & Kaye, E. (1986). Affinities Between Contemporary
And Skeletal Jewish And Non-Jewish Groups Based On Tooth
Morphology. American Journal Of Physical Anthropology. 70:265-275.

10 Gregory Livshits, Robert R. Sokal, and Eugene Kobylianskyt, Genetic Affinities of Jewish Populations, American Journal Of Human Genetics. 31:341-365, 49:131-146, 1991

11 McKie, Robin. Journal Axes Gene Research on Jews and Palestinians, Guardian [United Kingdom], November 25, 2001



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