Friends,
While I know many of you are already aware of the information in this
article, it's always good to remind everyone.
Jim Hardin
The Freedom Page
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Republic USA
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From: BOBWORN@aol.com
Subject: .....The Rest Of The Story.....16th Amendment
From:Â Â bcole@longview.net (Beaver Cole)
Now You Know The Rest Of The Story
The income tax amendment was pushed through Congress in 1909 by Sen. Nelson
Aldrich, father-in-law of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and grandfather and
namesake of Nelson A. Rockefeller.
At this time during the Taft administration, Philander Knox served as the
Secretary of State from 1909 to 1913. Knox was for many years the primary
attorney for the richest men in America, including Carnegie, Rockefeller,
Morgan and the Vanderbilt's. Just a few days before he left office in 1913,
to make way for the Wilson administration, Knox proclaimed the 16th Amendment
to be ratified, even though he knew it had not been legally ratified. The
16th Amendment was not ratified as Knox had fraudulently proclaimed.
Ratified or not, the United States Supreme Court has ruled: "...[the 16th
Amendment] conferred no new power of taxation...[and]...prohibited
the...power of income taxation possessed by Congress from the beginning from
being taken out of the category of indirect taxation to which it inherently
belonged...". – United States Supreme Court in Stanton v. Baltic Mining (1916)
Article V of the U.S. Constitution controls the amending process, which
requires that three-fourths of the states ratify any amendment proposed by
Congress. In 1913, there were 48 States in the American union, so to adopt
any amendment required the affirmative act of 36 states.
The federal government claimed Kentucky was the second state to ratify the
16th Amendment, on Feb. 8, 1910. However, the records of the State of
Kentucky show that after the Kentucky House proposed a resolution to adopt
the amendment and sent it to the Senate, on Feb. 8, 1910 the Kentucky Senate
voted upon that resolution, but rejected it by a vote of 9 in favor and 22
opposed. Apparently, the Kentucky Senate never did ratify that amendment.
Federal officials, who had possession of documents showing this rejection,
nevertheless claimed Kentucky had ratified the amendment.
In Oklahoma, the proposed amendment was passed by the language of the 16th
Amendment in such a fashion as to have a precisely opposite meaning. The
California legislative assembly never recorded any vote upon any proposal to
adopt the 16th Amendment. And whatever California did adopt bore no
resemblance to what Congress had proposed. Several states engaged in the
unauthorized activity of amending the language of the amendment proposed by
Congress, a power that these states did not possess. Minnesota sent nothing
to the Secretary of State in Washington, but this did not stop Philander Knox
from claiming that Minnesota ratified the amendment, regardless of the
absence of any documentation from the State of Minnesota.
In February 1913, Knox issued a proclamation claiming that 38 states had
ratified the amendment – including Kentucky, California, and Oklahoma. But
since Kentucky had rejected the amendment, California had not voted on it,
and Oklahoma wanted something entirely different, the amendment was not
legally adopted, the number of ratifying States being only 35, which Knox
said included Kentucky, California and Oklahoma. Then a total of 11 states
failed to vote on the amendment, plus Minnesota sent in nothing. That would
only leave 33 states, less the states that took it upon themselves to change
the amendment. In the final analysis, if the process of the adoption of the
16th Amendment is subjected to strict legal scrutiny, the amendment was never
adopted. Knox told a boldface lie. Thus, Knox had created his clients’ the
largest cartel in the world. Nevertheless, the people were not buying into
the tax scheme, ever so cognizant that a 1894 income-tax was declared
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1895.
During World War I, the secretary of the Treasury explicitly suggested use of
"widespread propaganda" to convince the public to forgo their "needless
pleasures". The Treasury Department implemented what it called a "campaign of
education" regarding the income tax. Its "essential features" included
government-supplied news stories and editorials as well as encouragement of
special cartoons and films. Perhaps the most intriguing feature was its use
of the clergy. The commissioner of Internal Revenue reported that "Thousands
of clergymen, at the suggestion of the Bureau, made taxation the subject of
at least one sermon." As a result of the "patriotic response" aroused
"dissatisfaction and complaint over the burden imposed by taxation were
minimized." Government officials commented that "the groundwork was laid for
securing in ensuing years of prompt and regular response to revenue demands."
To perpetuate its success, the Bureau of Internal Revenue advocated "the most
intensive cultivation of intelligent public opinion" (U.S. Treasury
Department 1919: 964-65, 974).
The citizens of America still didn't buy into the scheme of income tax
allowing politicians to coerce them out of their hard earned money. But the
greedy politicians would not give up. To increase public awareness and
acceptance of the income tax, the government used volunteer public speakers
to persuade the American people that paying taxes was their patriotic duty to
support the war effort. One-third of the cost of World War I was paid for by
income taxes. Additional funds needed for the war effort were provided
through war bonds, liberty loans and other government borrowing.
At the beginning of World War II, in 1939 about 15 % of the people paid
income tax. That's all! The government called on Walt Disney to produce a
cartoon to support the war effort. Disney agreed and made a cartoon with
Donald Duck. The cartoon urged the average American to save, not spend, their
money...but to pay income tax to support the war. (Cartoon): You don't wanna
forget our fighting men, do you laddy? Donald: "No, Sir!!!" Then you'll have
to meet your tax payments... Donald also informed, "that it is ˜your
privilege, not just your duty, but your privilege to help your government by
paying your tax and paying it promptly™." More than 32 million people saw the
film in the first few months of 1942, and a Gallup poll reported that "37
percent felt the film had affected their willingness to pay taxes." Without
doubt, such government propaganda manipulated political information in ways
that raised the expected marginal cost of income tax resistance. Revenues
increased dramatically. In 1941 the government collected $7.4 billion in
taxes. By 1945, the tax total had increased to $43 billion. At the end of the
war the government had 80% of American families paying income tax. The
willingness to pay income taxes and to buy more bonds demonstrated the deep
involvement of the civilians caring and support to the military. Politicians
had at last found the key to the unyielding pocket books of America. As the
president and Congress imposed ever higher income taxes, tax payment was
wrapped in patriotism and remains so today: the Korean War, the Cold War, the
Vietnam War, the Gulf War, wars fought on behalf of the United Nations,
Defense systems, supporting foreign governments in the name of freedom, etc.
Sixty years later nothing has changed; Americans are still paying taxes and
being dumbed down by propaganda provided by the governments and the
controlled media. Docile as we may be, with fluoride in our drinking water,
we are entertained with sports, recreation, movies, and just about anything
else you can name all for sanctioning taxation. Public education being
controlled by governments has also played a key role in developing a
subservient citizen towards taxation and government. To prove this point we
need only to look at what we are being told today. The government says
"Budget Surplus," a normal person would say, "No, Excessive Taxation", or
"Abusive Taxation". The government says it's "their money", a normal person
would say, "No, it's my money!" The government doesn't trust you with "your
money", and therefore must decide on how it will be spent. And being a people
fearful of the tyrants in government, we say nothing.
The National Taxpayer's Union says that taxes have gone up 175,000% in the
last 83 years. Thomas Jefferson warned: "Single acts of tyranny may be
ascribed to the accidental opinion of a day. But a series of oppressions,
begun at a distinguished period, and pursued unalterably through every change
of ministers, too plainly proves a deliberate systematic plan of reducing us
to slavery." And I say that 132 million Taxpayers CAN tell 435 Congressman,
100 Senators and 1 President WHAT TO DO! Let's make April 15th just another
great spring day.
The truth is there is no Constitutional law for income tax as it is applied
to the masses today.
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