http://engforum.pravda.ru/showthread.php?t=215858&page=4
FRANCO,
FRANCISCO. 20th century Spanish statesman. In his victory speech in
Madrid, on May 19, 1939, he declared: "Let us be under no illusion. The
Jewish spirit, which was responsible for the alliance of large-scale
capital with Marxism and was the driving force behind so many
anti-Spanish revolutionary agreements, will not be got rid of in a day."
PRIMO DE RIVERA, JOSE. 20th century Spanish political reformer
(assassinated by the Communists). He stressed that the instruments of
Jewish domination in the modern world are money and the press, and that
communism is an instrument of international Jewish capitalism used to
smash and afterwards rule the nations. (El Estado Nacional)
H. H. BEAMISH, in a New York address, October 30 - November 1, 1937 "In
1848 the word "anti-Semitic" was invented by the Jews to prevent the
use of the word "Jew." The right word for them is "Jew" . . . "I
implore all of you to be accurate -- call them Jews. There is no need
to be delicate on this Jewish question. You must face them in this
country. The Jew should be satisfied here. I was here forty-seven years
ago; your doors were thrown open to the Jews and they were free. No he
has got you absolutely by the throat -- that is your reward."
CHRISTEA, PATRIARCH. 20th century Romanian prelate. "The Jews have
caused an epidemic of corruption and social unrest. They monopolize the
press, which, with foreign help, flays all the spiritual treasures of
the Romanians. To defend ourselves is a national and patriotic duty --
not anti-Semitism. Lack of measures to get rid of the plague would
indicate that we are lazy cowards who let ourselves be carried alive to
our graves. Why should we not get rid of these parasites who suck
Romanian and Christian blood? It is logical and holy to react against
them." (New York Herald Tribune, August 17, 1937)
HOUSTON STEWART CHAMBERLAIN, world famed author of Foundations of the
Nineteenth Century, Vol. I, page 337 "The revelation of Christ has no
significance for the Jew! . . . I have searched through a whole library
of Jewish books in the expectation of finding -- naturally not belief
in the Divinity of Christ, nor the idea of redemption, but the purely
human feeling for the greatness of the suffering Savior -- but in vain.
A Jew who feels that, is, in fact, no longer a Jew, but a denier of
Judaism. And while we find, even in Mohammed's Koran, at least a vague
conception of the importance of Christ and profound reverence for His
personality, a cultured leading Jew of the nineteenth century (Graetz)
calls Christ "the new birth with the death mask," which inflicted new
and painful wounds upon the Jewish people; he cannot see anything else
in Him. In view of the Cross he assures us that "the Jews do not
require this convulsive emotion for their spiritual improvement," and
adds, "particularly not among the middle classes of inhabitants of the
cities." His comprehension goes further. In a book, republished in
1880, by a Spanish Jew (Mose de Leon) Jesus Christ is called a "dead
dog" that lies "buried in a dunghill." Besides, the Jews have taken
care to issue in the latter part of the nineteenth century several
editions (naturally in Hebrew) of the so-called "censured passages"
from the Talmud, those passages usually omitted in which Christ is
exposed to our scorn and hatred as a "fool," "sorcerer," "profane
person," "idolater," "dog," "bastard," "child of lust," etc.: so, too,
His sublime Mother."
ADRIEN ARCAND, Canadian political leader of the 1930s "Through their
(Jew's) international news agencies, they mold your minds and have you
see the world not as it is, but as they want you to see it. Through
their cinema, they are the educators of our youth -- and with just one
film in two hours, can wipe out of a child's brain what he has learned
in six months in the home, the church or the school."
NESTA WEBSTER, in her book Germany and England "England is no longer
controlled by Britons. We are under the invisible Jewish dictatorship
-- a dictatorship that can be felt in every sphere of life."
HENRY WALLACE, Secretary of Commerce, under President Harry Truman,
wrote in his dairy that in 1946 "Truman was "exasperated" over Jewish
pressure that he support Zionist rule over Palestine. Wallace added
"Pres. Truman expressed himself as being very much 'put out' with the
Jews. He said that 'Jesus Christ couldn't please them when he was here
on Earth, so how could anyone expect that I would have any luck?' Pres.
Truman said he had no use for them and didn't care what happened to
them."
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYANT, three times the Democratic Party candidate for
President said: "New York is the city of privilege. Here is the seat of
the Invisible Power represented by the allied forces of finance and
industry. This Invisible Government is reactionary, sinister,
unscrupulous, mercenary, and sordid. It is wanting in national ideals
and devoid of conscience . . . This kind of government must be scourged
and destroyed."
HENRY ADAMS (Descendant of President John Adams), in a letter to John
Hay, October 1895 "The Jewish question is really the most serious of
our problems."
SPRING-RICE, SIR CECIL. 20th century British politician. "One by one,
the Jews are capturing the principal newspapers of America. (Letter of
November 1914, to Sir Edward Grey, foreign secretary. Letters and
Friendships)
CAPOTE, TRUMAN. 20th century American writer. In an interview, he
assailed "the Zionist mafia" monopolizing publishing today, and
protested a tendency to suppress things that do not meet with Jewish
approval. (Playboy magazine, March 1968)
VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet) 18th century French philosopher,
writer. "Why are the Jews hated? It is the inevitable result of their
laws; they either have to conquer everybody or be hated by the whole
human race . . ." "The Jewish nation dares to display an irreconcilable
hatred toward all nations, and revolts against all masters; always
superstitious, always greedy for the well-being enjoyed by others,
always barbarous -- cringing in misfortune and insolent in prosperity."
(Essai sur le Moeurs)
"You seem to me to be the maddest of the lot. The Kaffirs, the
Hottentots, and the Negroes of Guinea are much more reasonable and more
honest people than your ancestors, the Jews. You have surpassed all
nations in impertinent fables in bad conduct and in barbarism. You
deserve to be punished, for this is your destiny." (From a letter to a
Jew who had written to him, complaining of his 'anti-Semitism.' Examen
des Quelques Objections . . . dans L'Essai sur le Moeurs.)
"You will only find in the Jews an ignorant and barbarous people, who
for a long time have joined the most sordid avarice to the most
detestable superstition and to the most invincible hatred of all
peoples which tolerate and enrich them." ("Juif," Dictionnaire
Philosophique)
"I know that there are some Jews in the English colonies. These
marranos go wherever there is money to be made . . . But whether these
circumcised who sell old clothes claim that they are of the tribe of
Naphtali or Issachar is not of the slightest importance. They are,
simply, the biggest scoundrels who have ever dirtied the face of the
earth." (Letter to Jean-Baptiste Nicolas de Lisle de Sales, December
15, 1773. Correspondence. 86:166)
"They are, all of them, born with raging fanaticism in their hearts,
just as the Bretons and the Germans are born with blond hair. I would
not be in the least bit surprised if these people would not some day
become deadly to the human race." (Lettres de Memmius a Ciceron, 1771)
CANNOT, E. 19th century French reformer. In La Renovation, journal of
the socialist school of CHARLES FOURIER. "Jews! To the heights of your
Sinai . . . I humbly lift myself. I stand erect and cry out to you, in
behalf of all my humble equals, of all those whom your spoliation has
brought to grief, who died in misery through you and whose trembling
shades accuse you: Jews! for Cain and Iscariot, leave us, leave us! Ah,
cross the Red Sea again, and go down there to the desert, to the
promised land which is waiting for you, the only country fit for you; o
you wicked, rude and dishonest people, go there!!!" repute.htm
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WHEN I GO BACK TO HELL I WILL BRING THE HAVEN WITH ME.
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05-15-2008, 07:10 AM
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#52
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: Singara Chennai
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Again, quotes which are hidden away from the public gaze and have no effect.
Also, all your quotes are related to morality or scruples, not to intelligence.
__________________
A man's only as old as the woman he feels.--Groucho Marx
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05-15-2008, 07:13 AM
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#53
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: Singara Chennai
Posts: 7,601
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Cosssack
Voltaire
and Franklin are stating the facts. They are not trying to be effective
or not effective. Just wait when Christianity ( moral standards of
wrong and right) disappears from lives of majority of Goyim, just wait.
With all their effectiveness you will not find even a single jew alive
, you will not find even their ashes …. Just wait
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You think Christianity is alive now? 
__________________
A man's only as old as the woman he feels.--Groucho Marx
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05-15-2008, 07:29 AM
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#54
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Ur anus
Posts: 6,801
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Was George Washington an anti-semite?
They work more effectively against us than the enermy's armies.
They are a hundred times more dangerous to our liberties and the great
cause we are engaged in. It is much to be lamented that each state,
long ago has not hunted them down as pests to society and the greatest
enemies we have to the happiness of America -- The Jews.
Actually, old GW never said any such thing. What Washington actually
wrote, regarding currency speculators who sought to profit by taking
advantage of soldiers and others during the Revolutionary War, was this:
This tribe of black gentry work more effectually against us, than
the enermy's arms. They are a hundred times more dangerous to our
liberties, and the great cause we are engaged in. It is much to be
lamented that each State, long ere this, has not hunted them down as
pests to society, and the greatest enemies we have to the happiness of
America.
He did, however, pen the following in response to a goodwill address from a Newport synagogue:
May the Children of the Stock of Abraham, who dwell in this land,
continue to merit and enjoy the good will of the other Inhabitants;
while every one shall sit under his own vine and fig tree, and there
shall be none to make him afraid.
Great Jewish Achievers
http://hometown.aol.com/gjadoc/index.html
http://www.jewishachievement.com/domains/inven.html
Hey Nero how come ya not here
Famous Jews You Didn't Know Are Jewish
1. Lillian Friedman married Cruz Rivera. They named their baby Geraldo
Miguel Rivera.( Funny, it doesn't sound Jewish....) Since, according to
Jewish law, anyone born to a Jewish mother is Jewish, Geraldo Rivera is
Jewish. As were, among others: Fiorella Laguardia, Winston Churchill
and Cary Grant, as explained below.
2. Fiorella Laguardia's mother's name was Jacobson. His father was not
Jewish. Laguardia spoke seven languages - including Hebrew and Yiddish
- fluently.
3. Winston Churchill's mother's name was Jenny Jerome.
4. Cary Grant's mother, Elsie, was Jewish. His father, Elias Leach, was
not. Grant's original name was Archibald Alexander Leach. (Robin Leach
is his first cousin).
5. Peter Sellers' mother, Margaret Marks, was Jewish. His father, Bill
Sellers, was Protestant. Peter's real name is Richard Henry Sellers.
6. David Bowie's mother is Jewish, his father is not. One of Bowie 's
album covers discusses his Jewish ancestry. His real name: David
Stenton Haywood-Jones.
7. Robert DeNiro's mother is Jewish; his father is not.
8. Shari Belafonte's mother is Jewish. Her father, Harry, has a Jewish grandfather.
9. Olivia Newton-John' s Jewish grandfather was a Nobel Prize winning
physicist.
10. Harrison Ford's mother is Russian-Jewish, his father is Irish-Catholic.
ALWAYS GOOD TO KNOW AND REMEMBER!
Fact: The first theatre to be used solely for the showing of motion pictures was built by a Jew (Adolf Zukor).
Fact: The first full-length sound picture, The Jazz Singer was produced
by the Jewish Samuel L. Goldwyn & Louis B. Mayer (MGM).
Fact: A Jew (Dr. Abraham Waksman) coined the term antibiotics.
Fact: A Polish Jew (Casimir Funk) who pioneered a new field of medical
research gave us a word now common in our language - vitamins.
Fact: The first successful operation for appendicitis was performed by a Jewish surgeon (Dr. Simon Baruch)
Fact: The doctor (Dr. Abraham Jacobi) hailed as America 's father of
pediatrics was a Jew.
Fact: Until a Jewish doctor (Dr. Siccary) showed differently, Americans believed the tomato was poisonous.
Fact: Jewish Levi "Levi's" Strauss (inventor of jeans) is the largest
clothing retailer in the world.
Fact: In 1909, four Jews were among the 60 multi-cultural signers of
the call to the National Action, which resulted in the creation of the
NAACP.
Fact: A Jew (Emile Berliner) is the man who developed the modern-day
phonograph. While Thomas Edison was working out a type of phonograph
that used a cylinder as a record, Berliner invented a machine that
would play a disc. The machine he patented was called the gramophone,
and the famous RCA trademark is a picture of a dog listening to "his
master's voice" on Berliner's device. The gramaphone was superior to
Edison 's machine. In short, Emile Berliner made possible the modern
record industry. His company was eventually absorbed by the Victor
Talking Machine Company, now known as
RCA.
Fact: Jewish Louis B. Mayer (MGM) created the idea for the Oscar.
Fact: European Jews are the founding fathers of all the Hollywood Studios.
Fact: Jews comprise a mere 1/4 of 1% (13 million) of the population (6 billion).
Fact: 99% of the world is non Jewish.
Fact: Three of greatest & most influential thinkers dominating the 20th century were Jewish - Einstein, Freud, Marx.
Fact: The most popular selling Christmas song ("White Christmas") was written by a Jew (Irving Berlin)
Fact: Of the 660 Nobel prizes from 1901-1990, 160 have been won by
Jews. In the end, Jews win more Nobel prizes than any other ethnicity.
They win 40x more than should be expected of them, based upon their
small population numbers.
Fact: A Jew (Dr. Jonas Salk) is the creator of the first Polio Vaccine.
Fact: Jews (Hayam Solomon & Isaac Moses) are responsible for creating the first modern-banking institutions.
Fact: Jews also created the first department stores of the 19th
century: The Altmans, Gimbels, Kaufmanns, Lazaruses, Magnins, Mays,
Strausses became leaders of major department stores. Julius Rosenwald
revolutionized the way Americans purchased goods by improving Sears
Roebuck's mail order merchandising. Hart, Schaffner, Marx, Kuppenheimer
and Levi Strauss became household names in mens' clothing. (Let's not
forget EJ Korvets - Eight Jewish Korean (war) Veterans.)
Fact: Jewish Marc Chagall (born Segal , Russia ) is one of the great 20th century painters.
Fact: English-Jewish financiers such as Isaac Goldsmid, Nathan
Rothschild, David Salomons, and Moses Montefiore, whose fortunes helped
England become an empire.
Fact: In 1918, Detroit , a Jew (Max Goldberg) opened the "first" commercial parking lot.
Fact: In 1910, a Jew (Louis Blaustein) and his son opened the "first"
gas station, eventually founding AMOCO OIL. One of the richest oil
families in the world.
Fact: A Jew (Dr. Albert Sabin) developed the first "oral polio vaccine."
Fact: A Jew (Steven Spielberg) is the most successful filmmaker since the advent of film.
Fact: A Jewish poet's (Emma Lazarus) famous poem, "give me your tired
.... your poor... your huddled masses," appears as the inscription on
the Statue Of Liberty.
Fact: Jewish Harry Houdini (Weiss) is the father of Magic/Illusion.
Fact: Dr. Sigmund Freud (Jew) is the father of psychiatry.
Fact: Jewish Abraham is the father of the world's 3 major religions:
Judaism, Christianity & Islam (ancestors of the Hebrew & Arabic
peoples). Jesus (formerly known as "sweet Jewish Jesus") is still
worshipped by billions.
Fact: Jews are the oldest of any people on earth still around with their national identity and cultural heritage intact.
Fact: George & Ira Gershwin & Irving Berlin (Jews) are three of the most prolific composers of the 20th century
Fact: Isadore & Nathan Straus (Jews) - "Abraham & Straus,"
eventually became sole owners of Macy's (world's largest department
store) in 1896.
Fact: Dr. Paul "magic bullet" Ehrlich (Jew) - physician, Nobel Prize in 1908 for curing syphilis.
Fact: Armand Hammer (Jew) - "Arm & Hammer," physician &
businessman who originated the largest trade between U.S. and Russia.
Fact: Louis Santanel (Jew) was the financier who provided the funds for Columbus ' voyage to America .
Fact: Sherry Lansing (Jew) of Paramount Pictures, became the first woman president of a major Hollywood studio.
Fact: Flo Zigfield (Jew) of "Zigfield Follies," is the creator of American
burlesque.
So, my family and friends, stand tall and be proud. (or at least stand up and be counted!!)
Jewish logic
http://www.thelogician.net/3_judaic_logic/3_jewish.htm
Zionist logic?
http://www.thetalkingdrum.com/zionistlogic.html
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Checken shit for export.155.00 pesos a metric ton :
Shitload quantity only.Your port of entry
Pravda posters get 20% discount.
Discount does not apply to current Cornholers members.They have plenty of shit of their own.
WHEN I GO BACK TO HELL I WILL BRING THE HAVEN WITH ME.
Last edited by kaksteen : 05-15-2008 at 08:00 AM.
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05-15-2008, 07:38 AM
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#55
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Ur anus
Posts: 6,801
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____________ ______
Checken shit for export.155.00 pesos a metric ton :
Shitload quantity only.Your port of entry
Pravda posters get 20% discount.
Discount does not apply to current Cornholers members.They have plenty of shit of their own.
WHEN I GO BACK TO HELL I WILL BRING THE HAVEN WITH ME.
Last edited by kaksteen : 05-15-2008 at 08:18 AM.
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05-15-2008, 07:46 AM
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#56
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Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2003
Location: Confederation Suisse
Posts: 34,054
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Agnostic
You think Christianity is alive now? 
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yes, it is .....

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Vlad the Bad & Dmitry the Gitry TagTeam Is Here.
 
http://premier.gov.ru/eng
TO RUSSOPHOBIC WEST: when the shit hits the fan it AIN'T gonna be a pretty picture. Be afraid, be very afraid!
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05-15-2008, 08:31 AM
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#57
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Ur anus
Posts: 6,801
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Why do Indians hate us so much
http://www.paklinks.com/gs/archive/i...p/t-52376.html
Agnostic dont tell me that Indians do not hate
THE LAST JEWS IN INDIA AND BURMA
Nathan Katz and Ellen S. Goldberg
End of the Indian Diaspora / Jews of Cochin / The Bene Israel /
Mughal Courtiers / Portuguese Marranos / Baghdadi Jews / Jews in Burma
/ India's Ashkenazim / Tribal Jews / Issues Facing Indian Jewry Today
The End of the Indian Diaspora
One Shabbat in July 1987, for the first time since the synagogue was
built 419 years ago, there was no minyan in the fabled Paradesi
Synagogue of Cochin. Since the beginning of 1987, the population of Jew
Town, once about 300, has diminished from 33 to 29 due to immigration
to Israel. Similar forlorn scenarios are being repeated throughout
India.
The one remaining Jewish family in North Parur, Kerala, bravely keeps
the synagogue's ner tamid (eternal light) burning and gathers each
Shabbat for informal prayers. In Puna's best known landmark, the Ohel
David Synagogue built by David Sassoon, the Sefer Torah is no longer
read for lack of a hazan. In "the grandest synagogue in the East," the
Maghen David of Calcutta, a few old Jews of Baghdadi extraction gather
weekly; sometimes there is a minyan, sometimes not. The roof leaks
badly at Bombay's Maghen David and there is no one to see to its
repair. Only two Sifrei Torah remain in Rangoon's Musmeah Yeshua
Synagogue where there were once 126 scrolls.
Of the more than 25,000 Jews in India at independence, perhaps 5-6,000
remain, and many of them are highly assimilated Bene Israel in Bombay.
Jewish life has become all but impossible. The vast community matza
bakeries of Bombay and Calcutta have been all but silenced. The
glorious Jewish community of Cochin has now been reduced to a few old
homes along Synagogue Lane, and many of the unique observances of the
Cochinis can no longer be continued. The Director of the Bombay office
of the Jewish Agency lives in Israel; there is not enough for him to do
in India to warrant full-time residence.
In this exotic corner of the diaspora, a realm in which Jews lived for
millennia in freedom and dignity, bathed in the affection of their
Hindu brethren, India was the most hospitable of homes, a nation which
has been host for six distinct Jewish communities: the ancient and
celebrated Cochinim, the once-forgotten Bene Israel, the courtiers of
the Mughal emperors, Portuguese Marranos, the commercially and
industrially prominent Baghdadis, the scattered Ashkenazim, and today's
tribal Jews of the far northeast.
The Jews of Cochin
The oldest Indian Jewish community is in the southwesternmost state,
Kerala, centered in the quaint port city of Cochin. They have been in
India for at least 1,000 years; medieval Muslim and Jewish travelers
wrote of their high status and favor of the Maharajahs. More likely,
they have been there nearly 2,000 years, perhaps from the destruction
of the Second Temple as their tradition holds. The third-century Bishop
of Caesaria, Eusebius, wrote of an Aramaic copy of the Gospel of St.
Matthew which had been seen in India a hundred years before him. The
earliest settlements may even have dated from King Solomon's time,
since such luxury items as ivory, peacocks and linen were imported from
India during his reign.
At the time of independence, there were seven active synagogues in the
princely State of Cochin and one in the State of Travancore: three in
Cochin, two in Ernakulam, and one each in Parur, Chendamangalam and
Mala.
Today there is a regular minyan only in the Paradesi Synagogue of
Cochin. The 1568 synagogue, the oldest in the British Commonwealth, is
beautifully maintained, even if the community's cemetery has
deteriorated. Plans have been made for the Archaeological Survey of
India to convert the synagogue into a museum when the remaining few
Jews have gone. The Thekumbagam Synagogue (1647), about 100 meters
south along Synagogue Lane, was demolished in the early 1970s, and the
Kadavumbagam (1539), several hundred meters farther south, is a
warehouse.
Ernakulam now has three Jewish families -- the Eliases, Nehemias and
Abrahams -- about 20 people all told; there were once about 1,000. The
Kadavumbagam Synagogue (1200) is in reasonably good repair. It was
closed in 1972 and is now a flower nursery; its spirit lives on at
Moshav Nevatim, near Beersheba, where its Sifrei Torah -- including one
with a solid gold case -- have been installed. The Thekumbagam
Synagogue (1580) is a Jewish-owned poultry farm.
The Simon family clings tenaciously to its beloved synagogue
(originally built in 1164, rebuilt in 1616) in the town of North Parur,
where once around 1,000 Jews lived. Esther Simon tends the ner tamid in
the dilapidated building, and the family recites prayers there each
Shabbat. For Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, relatives from nearby Alwaye
join them and form a minyan. Said Esther Simon, matriarch of the
family, "We have only three things now: the house, this synagogue and
the cemetery. It's very difficult to live here now."
The nearby towns of Mala and Chendamangalam have no Jews left; both
synagogues are terribly run down. The Mala Synagogue (1597) was donated
to the town council of elders for use as a community center by the
Jewish community when they moved to Israel en masse in 1952. In
Chendamangalam, the 1614 synagogue stands empty, its magnificent
carved, wooden ark -- an unsurpassed example of Kerala Jewish art --
silently decaying, its prayer books strewn about, and a fine parchment
Torah scroll awaiting rescue from oblivion.
Sattu Koder is the scholarly, octogenerian leader of the community and
President of the South India Jewish Association. The 29 Jews of the
Paradesi community and perhaps another 30 scattered throughout Kerala
are all that remain of the 2,500 prior to mass aliya.
The Bene Israel
Second in antiquity but by far the largest community is the Bene Israel
of Bombay and environs. These were the most "Hinduized" of India's
Jews. Cut off from world Jewry for centuries, they forgot their Hebrew
-- except for the Shema -- and adopted such Hindu practices as
abstention from meat-eating and banning widow remarriage. They did not
recognize the term "Jew" and formed the shanwar teli or "Saturday
oil-presser" caste, so-called because of their abjuring work on
Shabbat. They held firmly to the vestiges of Jewish observance,
however, and practiced circumcision on the eighth day, kept kashrut and
celebrated most Jewish festivals in dimly-remembered forms for
uncounted and uncountable centuries.
As Bombay grew into a major industrial and commercial center during the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many Bene Israel moved there from
the neighboring countryside of the Konkan coast. With a tradition of
military and government service, they settled in such diverse cities as
Puna, the monsoon capital of the old Bombay Presidency; Ahmedabad,
India's second leading textile center in Gujerat state; Karachi, the
Sindh's leading seaport, now in Pakistan; Delhi, the capital since
1912; Calcutta, the old capital and home to thousands of Baghdadi
Jewish industrialists and traders; and Rangoon, a major seaport, now
capital of Burma. In each of these cities, they built synagogues and
have left a distinguished mark of service to Indian society.
Before aliya to Israel, there were 20,000 Bene Israel in India; now
there are 4-5,000, mostly in Bombay, with communities in Puna,
Ahmedabad, and New Delhi, and individuals scattered throughout India.
Jewish life in Bombay is rooted in its synagogues: Shaar ha-Rahamim
(1796); Shaare Rason (1840); Tifereth Israel (1886); Etz Haeem Prayer
Hall (1888); Maghen Hassidim (1904); Kurla Bene Israel Prayer Hall
(1946); and India's only Reform congregation, Rodef Shalom (1925).
Nearby is Shaar Hashamaim in Thane (1879). Around the Konkan region are
Maghen Aboth in Alibag (1842); Beth El in Panvel (1849); and Beth
Ha-Elohim in Pen (1863).
There is a proliferation of Jewish organizations in Bombay -- on paper
at least. Most really do not function. For example, the Jewish Club
does little more than sponsor card games for its largely non-Jewish
membership. However, ORT maintains schools for 125 boys in Mazagaon and
80 girls in Worli, and its energetic young director, Ralph Jhirad,
makes it a community focal point. The unofficial spokespersons for the
community include Professor Nissim Ezekiel, the celebrated poet; Moses
Sultoon, trustee of the Sassoon Trusts; Sophy Kelly, headmistress of
the Hill Grange School; I.S. Abraham, senior Times of India writer; and
attorney Shellim Samuel. The Consulate of Israel is also present.
Puna is the most active of the satellite Bene Israel communities. We do
not know the origin of the settlement; Bene Israel were soldiers for
the Puna-based armies of Shivaji, the great Maratha leader of the
seventeenth century. The first known Bene Israel of Puna was Subedar
Abraham David Charikar, who was appointed Superintendent of Police in
1863. A prayer hall was established fifteen years later, and the
Succath Shelomo Synagogue was built in 1921. With about 150 members,
the synagogue is active, especially on Friday nights, and a warm Jewish
spirit fills the modest building. The community has an active Jewish
Welfare Association (founded 1971), a small Jewish library, a Puna
Jewish Youth Group and a modest newsletter, Mikhtav Shelanu. Hebrew and
Jewish education is offered at the synagogue's Sunday school, the
teacher being Professor S.B. David of the biology department of Puna
University. There is an old Jewish neighborhood near the synagogue,
Rasta Peth and Nana Peth, but community members who can afford it
prefer more spacious homes scattered throughout the expansive city.
Despite the demise of the traditional Jewish neighborhood, the Puna
community remains cohesive and active.
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Shitload quantity only.Your port of entry
Pravda posters get 20% discount.
Discount does not apply to current Cornholers members.They have plenty of shit of their own.
WHEN I GO BACK TO HELL I WILL BRING THE HAVEN WITH ME.
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05-15-2008, 08:37 AM
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#58
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Ur anus
Posts: 6,801
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Ahmedabad,
in Gujerat state, is India's second textile city, located to the north
of Bombay. It, too, attracted Bene Israel civil servants, military
personnel, railway workers and traders as early as 1848 when Dr.
Abraham Benjamin Erulkar, who had been assigned to the government
hospital, settled there with his family, converting his home into a
prayer hall in 1850. The community built the art deco-style Maghen
Abraham Synagogue in 1934. Located opposite a Zoroastrian temple in a
poor, Muslim section of town, the synagogue is architecturally striking
but neglected. Prayer services are held twice on Shabbat and on
festivals. Once numbering more than 2,000, the 300 Jews who remain in
Ahmedabad are spread around the city. many are involved in education,
especially much sought-after English medium education. According to
R.M. Best, headmaster of the Best Schools, the preeminence of
Jewish-run schools in Ahmedabad emerged since Indian independence and
was part of the general trend towards indigenization of Indian
institutions. Prior to independence, English-medium education was
firmly in Christian missionary hands. Whether run by foreigners or
Indians, Christian missions have always been suspect in India as tools
of foreign domination. However, many Indians were -- and are -- caught
in the conflict between seeking the best education for their children
and avoiding alien religious indoctrination. Jews began to move into
the education field soon after independence, and Hindu, Jaina and
Muslim students flocked to them. Gradually, standards at the seven
Jewish-run schools of Ahmedabad matched those at the mission schools
and today the missionaries have been displaced by Jews.
Early in the twentieth century, Bene Israel moved to the new British
capital at New Delhi. While there had been Persian-speaking Jews in
Delhi during Mughal times, and the tomb of one of them -- Sarmad, near
the Juma Masjud, is a significant Muslim pilgrimage site -- there is no
evidence that they overlapped the arrival of the Bene Israel. In 1956
the community built the modest Judah Hyam Prayer Hall; before that time
prayers were said in a rented house in the Bara Tooti section of town.
The New Delhi community has always been small, and even today a minyan
is regularly obtained only with the participation of Jewish diplomats
and tourists. There is an active Jewish Welfare Board and a Centre for
Jewish and Inter-Faith Studies, which has published some pamphlets on
Indian Judaism and holds classes in Hebrew and Jewish studies. It is
also a venue for various community organizations, Jewish and
non-Jewish. There are about eight Bene Israel families in New Delhi
today; nevertheless, the Jewish community there is active and visible
and here are services in the synagogue every Friday evening and on holy
days and festivals.
Ezra Kolet, President of the Indian Council of Jewry, is the leader of
the New Delhi community, the community's hazan and frequent liaison
between India's Jews and the government of India. For years he has
attempted to move the Indian bureaucracy to grant visas to Israeli
citizens of Indian origin with a minimum of delay, a thankless task
which has met with moderate success at best. A retired senior civil
servant and accomplished violinist, Kolet founded the Delhi Symphony
Orchestra in 1964.
Mughal Courtiers
Persian speaking Jews from Afghanistan and Iran came with the
Ghaznavad, Ghori and Mughal invasions of Mahmud (11th century),
Muhammad (12th century) and Babur (16th century). The most obscure of
Indian Jews, they were traders and courtiers of the Mughals. Jewish
advisors at the Court of Akbar the Great in Agra played a significant
role in Akbar's liberal religious policies and built a synagogue there.
In Delhi, one Jew was tutor to the Crown Prince, Dara Shukah; the
teacher and student were later assassinated by Aurangzeb when he
usurped the throne. Jews traded freely in Kashmir, the Punjab, and
throughout the Mughal Empire.
Portuguese Marranos
It is likely that no one will ever know the extent to which Marranos,
principally from Portugal, settled in India in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries, but it is clear that some did, accompanying the
Portuguese colonizing and trading fleets. The earliest Jewish, or at
least Marrano, settlements in Bombay date from Portuguese times in the
mid-sixteenth century. Unfortunately, by the very nature of their
situation, they left us traces and are known to us only through
scattered references.
Baghdadi Jews
Arabic-speaking Jews came to India as traders in the wake of the
Portuguese, Dutch and British. These "Baghdadis," as they came to be
known, especially the Sassoons of Bombay and the Ezras of Calcutta,
eventually established manufacturing and commercial houses of fabulous
wealth.
They first settled in Surat, in the Sindh, during the seventeenth
century, where there were 95 Jewish families and a synagogue soon
thereafter. However, as Bombay rose to replace Surat as west India's
leading port and commercial center, Jewish attention was directed
there. The Syrian Suleiman ibn Ya'qub was the first prominent
Arabic-speaking Jewish businessman of the city, his activities spanning
the period from 1795 to 1833. However, it was the arrival of the
Baghdadi merchant, industrialist and financier David Sassoon
(1792-1864) in 1833 that heralded the remarkable sojourn of the
Baghdadi Jewish community of Bombay. The Sassoon family, "the
Rothschilds of the East," played a major role in the industrialization
of Bombay, and Jews provided the city with three of its mayors,
professors in its university and producers and stars for its film
industry.
During its heyday, Bombay had several Jewish newspapers (in
Judeo-Arabic, Hebrew, Marathi and English), a Jewish publishing
industry, Zionist and community organizations. The Sassoons built two
beautiful synagogues to serve the Baghdadi community: Maghen David
(1863) in Byculla and Kenesseth Eliyahu (1883) in Fort, both of which
usually manage to obtain a Shabbat minyan today. By 1950 there were
nearly 20,000 Jews in Bombay, but immigration to Israel, America,
Britain, Australia and Canada have drastically reduced those numbers.
Of the Baghdadi community, around 200 remain.
As did many upper-class Bombayites, David Sassoon established a summer
home in Puna, a hill town 120 miles east which served as capital of the
Bombay Presidency during the monsoon. The best-known landmark in Puna
is the 90-foot tower of the red brick Ohel David Synagogue (1863),
known locally as Lal Deval, "red temple." Sassoon's impressive
mausoleum is found in the synagogue's courtyard. Only a handful of
Baghdadis remain in Puna, mostly middle-class merchants living in the
Cantonment area. The magnificent synagogue more often than not fails to
attain a minyan, even on Shabbat, and no member of the community is
qualified to read the Torah.
The Calcutta community was founded by Shalom Obaidah ha-Kohen
(1762-1836), who arrived there from Surat in 1798. His commercial
interests took him from the Punjab to Dacca across the great Gangetic
plain of northern India, and small Jewish trading outposts -- often
including a prayer hall and a cemetery -- sprang up in his footsteps
from Lucknow to Darjeeling. The fortunes of the Baghdadi families began
with the opium trade to China and gradually reached all phases of
industry and commerce. The leadership of Calcutta Jewry was held by the
Cohen and Ezra families, the latter ranking among the city's most
prominent industrial and commercial houses.
____________ ______
Checken shit for export.155.00 pesos a metric ton :
Shitload quantity only.Your port of entry
Pravda posters get 20% discount.
Discount does not apply to current Cornholers members.They have plenty of shit of their own.
WHEN I GO BACK TO HELL I WILL BRING THE HAVEN WITH ME.
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05-15-2008, 08:37 AM
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#59
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Ur anus
Posts: 6,801
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The
city has three synagogues located within a few paces of each other in
China Bazar: Neveh Shalom (1831), Beth El (1856) and the magnificent
Maghen David (1884). The three obtain a minyan on a rotating basis,
using paid congregants. Two small synagogues, since closed, were
founded in 1897 and 1924 in the fashionable Park Street area as Jews
moved there from China Bazar. Calcutta has had Jewish schools, a
religious court, a matza board, charitable and burial associations, a
Jewish hospital, several newspapers, a publisher since 1840 and Zionist
groups.
Calcutta has had three Jewish sheriffs, and Jews have provided Bengal's
first female attorney, several scholars -- both secular and religious
-- and journalists, writers, musicians and sportsmen. The most famous
Calcutta Jew of recent times is Lt.-Gen. Jack Frederick Ralph Jacob who
commanded Indian forces on the eastern front during the 1971 war which
led to the establishment of Bangladesh. Before the Second World War
there were 3,800 Jews in Calcutta, a number which grew to more than
5,000 with the influx of Jewish refugees from Rangoon; now there are
around 120. Jewish visitors are welcomed by the Nahoum family -- one
need only drop by at Nahoum's Bakery in New Market.
Jews in Burma
Bene Israel and even some Cochinim followed the trail of prosperity to
Calcutta and even beyond, to Rangoon, where another major Jewish
community grew up. The first Jew known to settle in Burma was one
Solomon Gabirol, probably a Bene Israel, who served as a commissar in
King Alaungpaya's army. The community itself dates from the early
nineteenth century when Baghdadis from Calcutta pursued their
opium-based fortunes eastward, stopping in Rangoon en route to
Singapore, Jakarta, Bangkok, Saigon, Manila, Tokyo, Hongkong and
Shanghai.
It was not until the 1870s, however, that a sufficient number of Jews
was concentrated in Rangoon to form a proper community, and they built
the beautiful Musmeah Yeshua Synagogue in 1896. The community once had
126 Sifrei Torah, a Talmud Torah, a Zionist group and numerous
charitable and communal organizations. A second synagogue, Beth El, was
opened in 1932, and some 700 graves are found in the well-kept cemetery
on 91st Street. Satellite communities developed in Mandalay (where
there remain a few Jews and a cemetery), Maymo, Moulmein, Bassein,
Akyab and Toungyi. Bassein even had a Jewish mayor, a Mr. Raphael, as
did Rangoon, one David Sophaer during the 1930s.
The community was virtually destroyed when the Japanese, suspicious of
Jews as potential British sympathizers, conquered Burma, driving most
of Burma's 1,200 Jews to Calcutta. About 500 returned after the war,
and Burmese Judaism enjoyed a brief flowering after independence and
the establishment of cordial Israeli-Burmese relations, which were
based on the warm friendship between Prime Ministers David Ben-Gurion
and U Nu. When Ne Win launched a successful coup in 1962, the position
of minorities in Burma generally deteriorated, as did the nation's
economy, and most Jews left.
Today there are but a handful of Jews and half-Jews in Rangoon. The
synagogue is beautifully maintained through the efforts of Jack
Samuels, the community's leader, even though the last regular Shabbat
service was held as far back as 1965. While open for all festivals, a
minyan is obtained only with assistance from Israeli, American and
Canadian diplomats and tourists during the High Holy days. Sadly, the
Burmese interlude for Jews has already passed into history.
India's Ashkenazim
The Ashkenazim were the smallest and shortest-lived group of Jews in
India. Never forming separate communities, Ashkenazi contributions to
India were made by individuals such as Walter Mordechai Haf**ine
(1860-1930), the developer of the anti-cholera vaccine. A medical
research institute bearing his name flourishes in Bombay today. As
temporary home to about 2,000 refugees from Nazi Germany, India
benefitted from an influx of Jewish physicians who attached themselves
to the various communities of their co-religionists in India's major
cities.
Tribal Jews
The most mysterious of India's Jews are also the most controversial.
Several Chin-kuki tribal groups in the northeastern Indian states of
Manipur, Mizoram, Assam and Nagaland, the western Burmese Chin state
and Bangladesh's Chittagong hill tracts claim to be descendents of the
tribe of Menashe. According to them, they came from China and lost
their religion during centuries of wanderings through remote Asia. A
curious religious revival has emerged among them involving dreams and
revelations about their history and a return to their "true identity."
Living in remote and conflict-ridden tribal areas, they are as
inaccessible as they are tantalizing.
There are an estimated 4,300 Jewish tribals in India, with more in
Burma and Bangladesh. No one knows quite what to make of these tribals,
animists until the last generation, nor what to do about their claims
to Jewish identity and their aspiration to immigrate to Israel. Several
groups, especially Jerusalem-based Amishav, have made efforts to
reintroduce them to Jewish observance, and some have undergone Orthodox
conversion. The Israeli ambassador to Burma, Itiel Pann, is sympathetic
to their cause, but the Israel government recently denied visitor visas
to a delegation of Indian tribals.
Issues Facing Indian Jewry Today
The most significant issue confronting India's Jews is the poor
relationship between India and Israel. India extended diplomatic
recognition to Israel in the early 1950s and allowed Israel to
establish a consulate in Bombay. But relations never developed to the
expected exchange of ambassadors. Indeed, a pro-Arab policy has become
so embedded in the Indian government that not even the sympathetic
Janatha government led by Morarji Desai in the late 1970s was able to
reverse this trend.
Indian Jews feel ambivalent; they want foreign Jews to appreciate that
India's policies are not antisemitic, but reflect such factors as the
importance of the Arab world for India's foreign trade, the political
views of its 80,000,000 Muslim citizens, and its aspirations to Third
World leadership. On the other hand, the Indian bureaucracy can be
remarkably petty in its day-to-day operations, often to the detriment
of Jewish concerns. For example, Israelis of Indian origin have a
difficult time obtaining visas to visit their homeland.
Indian Jews are well aware that their government's anti-Israel policies
do not reflect popular sentiment, especially among the Hindu majority.
For example, when the Israeli tennis team were refused visas to
participate in the Davis Cup competitions in New Delhi in 1987, a
groundswell of pro-Israel opinion emerged in the press, leading India
to relent and allow the match to be held, although this year India has
announced that it will not send its team for a scheduled Davis Cup
round in Tel Aviv.
Indian Jews are closely following the rise of Hindu fundamentalism in
such organizations as the Shiv Sena of Maharashtra, the Janatha Party
and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. Many see in these movements allies; they
reason that while a secular Indian government has been hostile to
Zionism, perhaps a more Hindu one would not be -- and these
organizations propose precisely to "Hinduize" India. The affinities
between Hindus and Jews go beyond their shared perception of a Muslim
adversary, and while secularism has been in the interest of Jews in
most nations of exile, it may be that the Indian case is a notable
exception.
An issue which concerns foreign Jews visiting India is the rescue of
prayer books, ritual objects and Torah scrolls which are being ravaged
by a tropical climate and neglect. Books which are salvageable should
be brought to Israel where they could be put to use; others should be
buried. Many Indian ritual objects, carved arks especially, are unique
in the Jewish world. Deserted synagogues contain unenumerated treasures
which shall soon be lost forever unless their rescue is prompt.
Another issue concerns the Jewish status of the tribals. Until
recently, they were welcomed as quasi-Jews for training by ORT, but for
whatever reasons a new policy has been adopted, one which treats them
like any other Gentiles. While the question of their Jewish ancestry,
in all likelihood, will never be resolved, it remains to be determined
how to interpret their claims and whether to make a serious effort to
afford them with the conversion they desire, along with prayer books,
prayer shawls, Sifrei Torah and, ultimately, immigration to Israel. The
Indian press, incidentally, treats Israel's refusing them visas as an
instance of Israeli racism and anti-Indianism.
The Bene Israel community of Bombay is faced with the question of
assimilation. There are no specific data, but estimates of
intermarriage run to about 50 percent. Often the Gentile spouse is
converted by a committee of Bene Israel elders, but the status of these
conversions is questionable. Related to this issue is the generally
poor state of Jewish education among the Bene Israel. They had been
more or less dependent upon Cochinim -- and to a lesser degree,
Baghdadis -- as teachers, shohatim and hazanim. Now they perform many
of these functions themselves, but knowledge and facilities are sparse.
The twin questions of assimilation and education, aspects of the
generally increasing secularization of Indian society, threaten the
continued existence of the community.
Our generation will likely witness the extinction of Indian Jewry. This
makes study and collecting imperative. There is much to be learned from
an ancient Jewish community which never experienced persecution. For
one thing, the commonly-held view of Zionism as simple a response to
persecution is called into question by the case of India, where Zionism
was embraced despite the affection and hospitality of the host nation.
For another, the independent Jewish principality at Cranganore lies
buried beneath a thin layer of earth, awaiting archaeological
examination. There remain manuscripts in Jewish homes throughout India
containing a wealth of poetry, hymns, and Kabbalistic tracts which have
never been analyzed or studies, just as there are Jewish artifacts
desperately in need of rescue and transfer to museums in Israel and
America.
* * *
Dr. Nathan Katz is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at the
University of South Florida. Ellen S. Goldberg is a writer,
photographer and editor. The couple is working on a book about the
Cochin Jews, based on a year's stay there supported by a Fulbright
research grant, 1986-87.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/...m/indians.html
Agnostic ya nut case there is less then 5000 jews living in India.
Now ya know why??
____________ ______
Checken shit for export.155.00 pesos a metric ton :
Shitload quantity only.Your port of entry
Pravda posters get 20% discount.
Discount does not apply to current Cornholers members.They have plenty of shit of their own.
WHEN I GO BACK TO HELL I WILL BRING THE HAVEN WITH ME.
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05-15-2008, 08:51 AM
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#60
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Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Ur anus
Posts: 6,801
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What do the Asians think of Jews
http://www.stormfront.org/forum/show...-104242p4.html
Jews Have Been in China A Long, Long Time
By Karen Primack
Submitted by Stan Weisberg
Scholars are divided in their opinions about when the first Jews came to China.
Some think they came in biblical times, and even theorize about one of the Ten Lost Tribes settling between Tibet and Sichuan.
So said Prof. Xu Xin at public lectures in the Washington DC area on
November 19 and 20. Xu is a professor of English and Jewish Studies at
Nanjing University in the Peoples Republic of China.
There is unanimous agreement that Jews have been in China at least
since the 6th century. One of the earliest pieces of evidence is an 8th
century letter written in Persian Hebrew by a Jewish merchant in China,
probably a trader on the Silk Road.
(The Silk Road, which extended from China to the Mediterranean Sea, was
built by the Romans in the second century B.C.E. and was used for 1200
years. Extending 2000 miles, through mountains and deserts, it enabled
Western goods to be traded for Chinese silk for Roman nobles. Jewish
merchants traded chiefly in cotton, perfume, and spice.)
In addition, Hebrew prayers were found in northwestern China by British
scholars -- prayers written on paper; this is the earliest report of
the use of paper for Hebrew prayers. Also, a 9th century Arab traveler
wrote about his experiences, which included a report of a massacre of
Christians, Moslems and Jews in southern China. Marco Polo also made
mention of Jews in China
Kaifeng Attracts Jews
Up to the 11th century, these Jews were merchants and traders who came
back and forth to China, but during the 11th century, the first group
of Jews came to Kaifeng to stay, and they followed their traditions for
many hundreds of years. Much literature has been left about them.
Although the first arrivals were chiefly single men who had traded on
the Silk Road, seventy families with women and children were also among
the early Jewish settlers.
Xu reminds his audiences that "China was rich then, and it was a good
place to live and to do business." It was the time of the Song Dynasty,
whose capital was Kaifeng, a very prosperous international city with a
population of 1.5 million.
Jews met the Song emperor, who encouraged them to "observe and hand
down your religion here," as a stele (stone pillar) of the time
relates. Because he could not pronounce their names, the emperor gave
the Jews seven family surnames, which gave them legitimacy. "If you do
not have one of these seven family names, you are not considered
Jewish," Xu explains.
The first synagogue was built in Kaifeng in 1163.
The Jewish community was influenced by Chinese culture, including
Confucianism and the Chinese classics, which had to be studied for the
imperial examinations, for official appointments, and for social status.
The community grew, and more and larger synagogues were built. By 1500
the population peaked at about 5000. Kaifeng was repeatedly destroyed
by the flooding of the Yellow River, which killed many, including Jews.
The floods of 1663 alone killed more than 100,000 people; only 2090
Jewish families survived. Kublai Khan then moved the capital to Peking.
The Jews always intermarried in China, for the Jewish community was
never large enough to marry among themselves. However, it was the
Chinese custom for the wife to take the husband's religion. This
enabled Jewish traditions to be maintained for seven centuries.
The 16th century saw the beginning of the decline of the Jewish
community of Kaifeng. Hebrew was not really spoken anymore.
Assimilation occurred because Jews spent more time studying for Chinese
classics examinations and less time studying Judaism. They also adopted
Chinese names. The Jews were known as Wei Wei (meaning "from the West")
or a Chinese expression that translated as "the sect that plucks out
sinew," in reference to one of the rules of kashrut.
This community was first discovered by Christian missionaries at the
end of the 16th century. An historic meeting between Jews and a Jesuit
missionary took place in June of 1605, and according to Xu, ever since
then missionaries and scholars have always sought out the Jews of
Kaifeng. At first there was great interest in the Jews among Christians
because they believed that these isolated Jews would still possess an
original Torah, not changed by rabbis during the Talmudic period, who,
they thought, removed references to the coming of the Messiah.
In 1722, Christian missionaries drew a diagram of the old synagogue; it is now used by the Diaspora Museum in Tel Aviv.
Xu found, to his delight, 59 books written by Chinese Jews of Kaifeng
in the Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati, where he has studied. One of
the books, written in both Hebrew and Chinese 400 years ago, traced 10
generations of a family. In addition, three steles of the 15th, 16th
and 17th centuries report on their history.
The Kaifeng synagogue was repaired or rebuilt several times until the
19th century, when the last rabbi died and Hebrew was no longer taught.
(Hebrew had been taught continuously for 700 years.)
But, amazingly, "a sense of Jewish identity still persists" in Kaifeng,
according to Xu, as today's descendants are "trying to pick up lost
traditions" of their ancestors 900 years ago.
The Modern Era
Meanwhile, the 19th century saw a westward migration of Jews,
especially from Germany, and, between 1820 and 1920, a movement of
Sephardi Jews in Mesopotamia eastward to India, Malaysia and China.
After the Opium Wars of the mid-19th century, in which China was
defeated by Britain, China was forced to open its doors to Western
society. Among others, the Sassoons arrived in Shanghai, liked it, and
brought in their friends and relatives. By 1900 there were 700 Jews in
Shanghai, along with synagogues, a Jewish cemetery, and
ritually-slaughtere d poultry. In the 1930's the Sassoons donated
millions of dollars to help Jewish refugees from Europe.
Pogroms in Poland and Russia in 1905-1917 brought a new migration of
Eastern Europeans to Shanghai. By 1930 there were 4000 Ashkenazic Jews
there, who survived by setting up small businesses. They established
many facilities and a Jewish press. These Jews were early Zionists.
According to Xu, Chinese president Dr. Sun Yat-sen published a letter
in 1920 supporting Zionism.
In 1937-39, refugees from Nazi Germany and Austria found all doors
closed to them except the doors of Shanghai, the only city in the world
that did not require a visa from these Jews. By 1941, some 20,000 of
these refugees' lives had been saved.
Another Jewish community came to Shanghai in 1942: all the faculty and
students from the renown Mir Yeshiva of Poland. Although Shanghai was
occupied by the Japanese by then, the Jews were ghettoized and allowed
to study and worship. These scholars were virtually the only ones who
survived as a group after the war; the Mir Yeshiva students and
teachers were largely responsible for the continuation of Ashkenazic
yeshiva learning in the US and Israel after the war.
By 1945, there was a Jewish community in Shanghai numbering 30,000,
with its own autonomous government presiding over marriages and
burials. Today, Xu says, some Chinese still remember their Jewish
neighbors.
Another Jewish community settled in Harbin, in northeastern China,
after 1898, when this city was chosen as headquarters of the East China
Railway. Many people were brought in from Russia, including Jewish
merchants. In 1903 the Jewish population reached 500, in part because
the Jews were never discriminated against by the Chinese, as they were
by the Russians. Xu notes that, during the Chinese-Russian War of 1904,
Jewish soldiers stayed on in Harbin and brought their relatives from
Russia. By 1908, Harbin's 8000 Jews enjoyed a better life than they had
in Russia.
However, the Japanese invasion of northern China in the 1930's resulted
in a diminution of the Jewish community in Harbin. After 1945 most Jews
had emigrated to America, Canada, Australia or Israel. By 1950 the
majority were gone, and the last synagogue service was held in Harbin
in 1956.
Today
In China today, the descendants of the Jews of Kaifeng pass remnants of
this heritage from generation to generation through oral legends, which
enable them to keep a sense of Jewish identity. Xu comments that "even
today some have a strong sense of Jewish identity," and even list "Jew"
as their ethnic group in the official government census, even though
such a listing is discouraged (China does not want to encourage ethnic
divisions among its huge population.)
Xu estimates that there are 400-500 descendants of Kaifeng Jews in China today
Xu also reports that in the last 10 years, some Jews have come back to
China for business reasons, and those in Hong Kong are not leaving,
holding hopes that the business prospects will remain good after
China's takeover of the city in 1997. There are 1000 Jewish diplomats
and business people today in Peking, and more in Shanghai. But there is
no synagogue or religious school...YET!
"Jewish life in China will continue," Xu believes.
Jews of China
http://www.haruth.com/JewsChina.html
What do Japanise think of Jews
http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/11kowner.htm
History of Jews in Australia
http://judaica.library.usyd.edu.au/h...s/History.html
Jews in Australia
http://www.naa.gov.au/naaresources/p...s/chapter1.htm
Jews against free speach in Australia??
http://www.honestmediatoday.com/Aust...igor-Scott.htm |