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Subject: File: "SCOUTS-L SAFETY"
To: Danny Schwendener <macman@BERNINA.ETHZ.CH>
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====================================================================

                 Guide to Safe Scouting
                  A Unit Leader's Guide
           for Current Policies and Procedures
                   to Safe Activities

                 BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA

                   Text Only Version

                     1993 Printing
                 Boy Scouts of America
                     Irving, Texas
                       No. 34410

==================================================================

Table of Contents:

      Preface
I.    Adult Leadership
         Leadership Requirements for Trips and Outings
II.   Aquatics Safety
         Safe Swim Defense
         Classification of Swimming Ability
         Pool and Surf Swimming
         Safety Afloat
         Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs)
         Water Clarity
         BSA Lifeguard
         Swimming and Diving Areas
         Scuba (Explorers and older Scouts only)
         Snorkeling, BSA
         Waterskiing
         Board Sailing
         Whitewater Safety Code
III.  Camping
         Age Guidelines
         Trail Safety
         Beware of Lightning
IV.   Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use and Abuse
V.    Emergency Preparedness
         Emergency Phone Number List
VI.   First Aid
         First-Aid Kits
         Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
         Protection Considerations for Bloodborne Pathogens
         Near-Drowning
VII.  Fuels and Fire Prevention
         Chemical Fuels
         Guidelines for Safely Using
                        Chemical Stoves and Lanterns
         Flammability Warning
         Extinguishers
         Fireworks
VIII. Guns and Firearms
         Cub Scout Standards
         Boy Scout Standards
         Handguns (Explorers only)
         Shotguns
         Muzzle Loaders
         Rifles
IX.   Hazardous Sports and Activities That
                        Require Special Precautions
         Cave Exploring
         Judo
         Rock Climbing and Rappelling
         Unauthorized and Restricted Activities
         Carbon Tetrachloride
         Knives
         Rope Monkey Bridges
         Parade Floats and Hayrides
         Unit Fund-raisers
         Tractor Safety
X.    Inspections
         Meeting Room
         Motor Vehicles
         Unit Camping
         Boats
XI.   Medical Information
         Immunizations
         Life-Threatening Communicable Diseases
         Religious Beliefs and Medical Care
XII.  Transportation
         Automobiles
         Campers, Trailers, and Trucks
         Buses
         Trains
         Boats
         Aircraft
         Tour Permits
XIII. Winter Activities
XIV.  Youth Protection and Child Abuse
      Appendix

============================================================

Preface

The purpose of this pamphlet is to prepare adult leaders
to conduct Scouting activities in a safe and prudent manner.
The policies and guidelines have been established because
of the real need to protect members from known hazards that
have been identified through eighty-plus years of experience.
Limitations on certain activities should not be viewed as
stumbling blocks; rather, policies and guide-lines are best
described as stepping stones toward safe and enjoyable
adventures.

Unit leaders should be aware of state or local regulations
that supersede Boy Scouts of America policies and guidelines.

Note:    Sections delineated with vertical lines in the         |
         right margin denote rules and policies.                |

         Sections delineated with <angle brackets> denote
         wording that is italicized in the hardcopy publication.

============================================================

I.  Adult Leadership

Each Cub Scout den and Webelos den and each chartered Cub       |
Scout pack, Boy Scout troop, Varsity Scout team, and            |
Explorer post shall have one citizen of the United States,      |
21 years of age or older, who shall be registered and serve     |
as the unit or den leader.  A unit leader may not serve         |
simultaneously in any other position within the same unit.      |
The head of the chartered organization or chartered             |
organization representative and the local council must          |approve the
 registration of the unit or den leader on the       |
appropriate form.                                               |

Primary Reference:  <Rules and Regulations of the
         Boy Scouts of America>


Leadership Requirements for Trips and Outings

1.   Two-deep leadership:

Two registered adult leaders, or one adult and a parent of a    |
participating Scout, one of whom must be at least 21 years      |
of age or older, are required for all trips or outings.         |
There are a few instances such as patrol activities, when no    |
adult leadership is required.  Coed overnight activities        |
require male and female adult leaders.                          |

2.   During transportation to and from planned Scout outings.

     a. Meet for departure at a designated area.
     b. Prearrange a schedule for periodic checkpoint stops
        as a group.
     c. Plan a daily destination point.

A common departure site and a daily destination point
are a must.  If you cannot provide two adults for each
vehicle, the minimum required is one adult and two or more
youth members--never one on one.

3.  Safety rule of four:

No fewer than four individuals (always with the minimum         |
of two adults) go on any backcountry expedition or campout.     |

If an accident occurs, one person stays with the injured,
and two go for help.  Additional adult leadership requirements
must reflect an awareness of such factors as size and skill
level of the group, anticipated environmental conditions.
and overall degree of challenge.

4.  Male and female leaders require separate sleeping           |
facilities.  Married couples may share the same quarters        |
if appropriate facilities are available.                        |

5.  Male and female youth participants will not share the       |
same sleeping facility.                                         |

6.  When staying in tents, no youth will stay in the tent       |
of an adult other than his or her parent or guardian.           |

7.  If separate shower and latrine facilities are not
available, separate times for male and female use should be
scheduled and posted for showers.  The buddy system should
be used for latrines by having one person wait outside the
entrance, or provide Occupied and Unoccupied signs and/or
inside door latches.

============================================================

II.  Aquatics Safety

Most accidents in aquatics activities are caused by the lack
of adult supervision and discipline.  Almost every accidental
drowning can be attributed to the violation of one or more
safe swim defenses.

Safe Swim Defense

All swimming activity in Scouting is conducted according        |
to the Safe Swim Defense.                                       |

The proven procedures in this water-safety plan have given
Scouting what is believed to be one of the best water safety
records of any youth organization.  Previously known as the
Eight Defense Plan, the concept was first developed more than
forty-five years ago.  One of the best opportunities for Safe
Swim Defense training is in summer camp.

The eight defenses are:

1.  Qualified Supervision                                       |

All swimming activity must be supervised by a mature and        |
conscientious adult over 21 years of age who understands        |
and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and     |
safety of the children in his or her care, who is experienced   |
in the water and confident of his or her ability to respond     |
in the event of an emergency, and who is trained in and         |
committed to compliance with the eight points of BSA Safe       |
Swim Defense.                                                   |

(It is strongly recommended that all  units
have at least one adult or older youth member currently
certified as a BSA Lifeguard to assist in the planning and
conduct of all swimming activity.)

2.  Physical Fitness                                            |

Require evidence of fitness for swimming activity with a        |
complete health history from physician, parent, or legal        |
guardian.                                                       |

The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision, discipline,
and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated
with individual health conditions.  In the event of any
significant health conditions, the unit leader should
require proof of an examination by a physician.

Those with physical handicaps can enjoy and benefit from
aquatics if the handicaps are known and necessary precautions
are taken.

3.  Safe Area                                                   |

Have lifeguards and swimmers systematically examine the
bottom of the swimming area to determine varying depths,
deep holes, rocks, and stumps.

Mark off the area for three groups:  not more than 3-1/2        |
feet deep for nonswimmers; from shallow water to just over      |
the head for beginners; deep water not over 12 feet for         |
swimmers.                                                       |

For boundary markers, use poles stuck in the bottom or plastic
bottles, balloons, or sticks attached to rock anchors with
twine.  Enclose nonswimmer and beginner areas with buoy lines
(twine and floats) between markers.  Mark the outer bounds of
the swimmer area with floats.

4.  Lifeguards on Duty                                          |

Designate as lifeguards two persons who are capable swimmers.   |

Station them ashore, equipped with lifeline (100-foot length
of 3/16-inch nylon cord).  In an emergency, one carries out
the line and the other feeds it out from shore and then pulls
in the partner and the youth being assisted.  In addition, if
a boat is available, man it with two persons, preferably
capable swimmers, one rowing and the other equipped with a
10-foot pole or extra oar.  Provide one guard for every ten
participants.

5.  Lookout                                                     |

Station a lookout on the shore where it is possible to see
and hear everything in all areas.  The lookout may be the
adult in charge of the swim and may give the buddy signals.

6.  Ability Groups                                              |

Tests to determine swimming ability should be renewed each      |
year at the beginning of the season.                            |

With the results, leaders can divide the youth into three
classifications--nonswimmers, beginners, and swimmers--and
keep each group in its own area.

7.  Buddy System                                                |

Pair every youth with another in the same ability group.        |

Buddies check in and out of the swimming area together.
Check everyone in the water about every ten minutes.  The
adult in charge signals for a buddy check with a single blast
of a whistle or ring of a bell and a call of ''Buddies!''
The adult counts slowly to ten while buddies join and raise
hands and remain still and silent.  Guards check all areas,
count the pairs, and compare the total with the number known
to be in the water.  Signal two blasts or bells to resume
swimming.  Signal three blasts or bells for checkout.

8.  Discipline                                                  |

Be sure everyone understands and agrees that
swimming is allowed only with proper supervision and            |
use of the complete Safe Swim Defense.                          |

Advise parents of this policy.  When the participants know
the reason for rules and procedures, they are more likely to
follow them.  Be strict and fair, showing no favoritism.

Classification of Swimming Ability
<Swimmer Test>

The swimmer test demonstrates the minimum level of swimming
ability required for safe deep-water swimming.  The various
components of the test evaluate the several skills essential
to this minimum level of swimming ability:

Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level off,    |
and begin swimming.  Swim 75 yards in a strong manner using     |
one or more of the following strokes:  sidestroke,              |
breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an    |
easy, resting backstroke.  The 100 yards must be swum           |
continuously and include at least one sharp turn.  After        |
completing the swim, rest by floating.                          |

The test administrator must objectively evaluate the
individual performance of the test. and in so doing should
keep in mind the purpose of each test element.

1.  "Jump feet first into water over the head in depth,
    level off, and begin swimming..."

The swimmer must be able to make an abrupt entry
into deep water and begin swimming without any aids.
Walking in from shallow water, easing in from the edge or
down a ladder, pushing off from side or bottom, or gaining
forward momentum by diving do not satisfy this requirement.

2.  "...Swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or
    more of the following strokes: sidestroke, breaststroke,
    trudgen, or crawl;..."

The swimmer must be able to cover distance with a
strong, confident stroke.  The 75 yards must not be the
outer limit of the swimmer's ability; completion of the
distance should give evidence of sufficient stamina to avoid
undue risks.  Dog-paddling and strokes repeatedly
interrupted and restarted are not sufficient; underwater
swimming is not permitted.  The itemized strokes are
inclusive.  Any strong side or breaststroke or any strong
overarm stroke (including the back crawl) is acceptable.

3.  "...swim 25 yards using; an easy, resting backstroke..."

The swimmer must indicate the ability to execute a restful,
free-breathing backstroke that can be used to avoid
exhaustion during swimming activity.  This element of the
test necessarily follows the more strenuous swimming
activity to show that the swimmer is, in fact, able to use
the backstroke as a relief from exertion.  The change of
stroke must be accomplished in deep water without any push-
off or other aid.  Any variation of the elementary may
suffice if it clearly provides opportunity for the swimmer
to rest and regain wind.

4.  "...The 100 yards must be swum continuously and
    include at least one sharp turn..."

The total distance is to be covered without rest stops.
The sharp turn simply demonstrates the swimmer's ability
to reverse direction in deep water without assistance or
push-off from side or bottom.

5.  "...After completing the swim, rest by floating.''

This critically important component of the test evaluates
the swimmer's ability to maintain in the water indefinitely
even though exhausted or otherwise unable to continue
swimming.  Treading water or swimming in place will further
tire the swimmer and are therefore unacceptable. The duration
of the float test is not significant, except that it must be
long enough for the test administrator to determine that
swimmer is, in fact, resting and could likely continue to do
so for a prolonged time.  The drownproofing technique may be
sufficient if clearly restful, but it is not preferred.  If
the test is completed except for the float requirement, the
swimmer may be retested on the floating only (after
instruction) provided that the test administrator is confident
that the swimmer can initiate the float when exhausted.

Reference:    <Swimming> and <Lifesaving> merit badge pamphlets

<Beginner Test>

Jump feet first into water over the head in depth, level off,   |
swim 25 feet on the surface, stop, turn sharply, resume         |
swimming as before, and return to starting place.               |

The entry and turn serve the same purpose as in the
swimmer test.  The swimming can be done with any stroke, but
no underwater swimming is permitted.  The stop assures that
the swimmer can regain a stroke if it is interrupted.  The
test demonstrates that the beginning swimmer is ready to
learn deepwater skills and has the minimum ability required
for safe swimming in a confined area in which shallow water,
sides, or other support is less than 25 feet from any point
in the water.

Pool and Surf Swimming

The Safe Swim Defense applies to swimming at the beach,
private or public pool, wilderness pond, stream, lake, or
anywhere Scouts swim.  Here are some additional points for
the pool and the surf.

Pool--If the swimming activity is in a public facility
where others are using the pool at the same time, and the
pool operator provides guard personnel, there may be no need
for additional designation of Scout lifeguards and lookout.

The buddy system is critically important. however, even
in a public pool.  Remember. even in a crowd, you are alone
without protection if no one is attentive to your
circumstances.

The rule that people swim only in water suited to their
ability and with others of similar ability applies in a pool
environment.  Most public pools divide shallow and deep
water, and this may be sufficient for defining appropriate
swimming areas.  If not, the supervisor should clearly
indicate to the participating Scouts the appropriate areas
of the public facility.  Although such procedures add a
margin of safety, their use may not always be practical when
the swim activity is conducted at a public facility where
non-Scouts are present.  A responsible adult supervisor, who
understands his or her responsibility and the elements of
safety, can exercise discretion regarding certain procedures
while maintaining safety.

Surf--The surf swimming environment of wave action,
currents, tides, undertow, runouts, and sea pests like
stinging jellyfish requires precautions for safe swimming
that aren't necessary in other environments.  A swimmer's
physical condition is very important and should enable the
swimmer to recover footing in waves, swim vigorously for at
least five minutes without becoming exhausted. and remain
calm and in control when faced with unexpected conditions.

Designated swimming areas are marked by flags or pennants
that are easily seen.  Beginners and nonswimmers are
positioned inshore from the standing lifeguards equipped
with reach poles.  Better swimmers are permitted seaward of
the lifeguard but must remain shoreward of anchored marker
buoys.  The lifeguard-to-swimmer ratio should always be 1-to-
10, with a rescue team stationed at the beach area and
supplied with a rescue tube or torpedo buoy.

Safety Afloat

Safety Afloat has been developed to promote boating and
boating safety and to set standards for safe unit activity
afloat.

Before a BSA group may engage in an excursion, expedition,      |
or trip on the water (canoe, raft, sailboat, motorboat,         |
rowboat, tube, or other craft), adult leaders for such          |
activity must complete "Safety Afloat Training," No. 1459,      |
have a "Commitment Card" with them, and be dedicated to full    |
compliance with all nine points of Safety Afloat.               |

1. Qualified Supervision                                        |

All activity afloat must be supervised by a mature and          |
conscientious adult over 21 years of age who understands and    |
knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and         |
safety of the children in his or her care, who is               |
experienced and qualified in the particular watercraft          |
skills and equipment involved in the activity, and who is       |
committed to compliance with the nine points of BSA Safety      |
Afloat.  One such supervisor is required for each ten           |
people, with a minimum of two adults for any one group.  All    |
supervisors must complete BSA Safety Afloat and Safe Swim       |
Defense training, and at least one must be certified in CPR.    |
(It is strongly recommended that all units have at least one    |
adult or older youth member currently certified as a BSA        |
Lifeguard to assist in the planning and conduct of all          |
activity afloat.)                                               |

<For Cub Scouts:>  The ratio of adult supervisors to            |
participants is one to five.                                    |

2. Physical Fitness                                             |

All persons must present evidence of fitness assured            |
by a complete health history from physician, parent, or         |
legal guardian.                                                 |

The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision, discipline,
and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated
with individual health conditions.  In the event of any
significant health conditions, the adult leader should
require proof of an examination by a physician.

Those with physical handicaps can enjoy and benefit from
aquatics if the handicaps are known and necessary precautions
taken.

3. Swimming Ability                                             |

A person who has not been classified as a "swimmer"             |
may ride as a passenger in a rowboat or motorboat with an       |
adult "swimmer" or in a canoe, raft, or sailboat with an        |
adult certified as a lifeguard or a lifesaver by a              |
recognized agency. In all other circumstances, the person       |
must be a swimmer to participate in an activity afloat.         |
"Swimmers" must pass this test:                                 |

Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level         |
off, and begin swimming.  Swim 75 yards in a strong manner      |
using one or more of the following strokes;  sidestroke,        |
breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an    |
easy, resting backstroke.  The 100 yards must be swum           |
continuously and include at least one sharp turn.  After        |
completing the swim, rest by floating.                          |

This qualification test should be renewed annually.

4. Personal Flotation Equipment                                 |

Properly fitted U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation    |
devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged in activity  |
on the open water (rowing, canoeing, sailing, board sailing,    |
motorboating, waterskiing, rafting, tubing, kayaking, and       |
surfboarding.  Type II and III PFDs are recommended.            |

5. Buddy System                                                 |

All activity afloat must adhere to the principles of            |
the buddy system.                                               |

The buddy system assures that for every person involved in
aquatics activity, at least one other person is always aware
of his or her situation and prepared to lend assistance
immediately when needed.  Not only does every individual have
a buddy, but every craft should have a "buddy boat" when on
the water.

6. Skill Proficiency                                            |

All persons participating in unit activity afloat on            |
the open water must be trained and practiced in crafthandling   |
skills, safety, and emergency procedures.                       |

a.  All persons planning to participate in unit activity on     |
    white water must complete special training conducted by     |
    an Aquatics Instructor, BSA, or qualified equivalent.       |

b.  Powerboat operators must complete state certification       |
    and be able to meet requirements for the Motorboating merit |
    badge or equivalent (American Red Cross, U.S. Coast Guard,  |
    U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, or U.S. Power Squadron).        |

Except for white water and power-boat operation as noted        |
above, a minimum of three hours training and supervised         |
practice or fulfilling the requirements for basic handling      |
tests is required for all unpowered craft.                      |

<For Cub Scouts:>  Canoeing and rafting for Cub Scouts          |
(including Webelos Scouts) is to be limited to                  |
council/district events on <flat water> ponds or controlled     |
lake areas free of powerboats and sailboats.  Prior to          |
recreational canoeing, Cub Scouts are to be instructed in       |
basic handling skills and safety practices.                     |

7. Planning                                                     |

a. Float Plan.                                                  |

Know exactly where the unit will put in, where the unit will
pull out, and precisely what course will be followed.
Determine all stopover points in advance.  Estimate travel
time with ample margins to avoid traveling under time
pressures.  Obtain accurate and current maps and information
on the waterway to be traveled, and discuss the course with
others who have made the trip under similar seasonal conditions.
(Preferably, an adult member of the group should run the course
before the unit trip.)

b. Local Rules.                                                 |

Determine which state and local laws or regulations are
applicable.  If private property is to be used or crossed,
obtain written permission from the owners. All such rules
must be strictly observed.

c. Notification.                                                |

The float plan must be filed with the parents of participants
and a member of the unit committee.  For any activity using
canoes on running water, the float plan must be filed with the
local council service center.  Notify appropriate authorities,
such as Coast Guard, state police, or park personnel, when their
jurisdiction is involved.  When the unit returns from this
activity, persons given the float plan should be so advised.

d. Weather.                                                     |

Check the weather forecast just before setting out, know and
understand the seasonal weather pattern for the region, and
keep an alert "weather eye.  Imminent rough weather should
bring all ashore immediately.

e. Contingencies.                                               |

Planning must anticipate possible emergencies or other
circumstances that could force a change in the original plan.
Identify and consider all such circumstances in advance so
that appropriate contingency plans can be developed.

<For Cub Scouts:>  Cub Scout canoeing and rafting does not      |
include "trips" or "expeditions" and is not to be conducted     |
on running water (i.e., rivers or streams).                     |

Therefore, some procedures are inapplicable.  Suitable
weather requires clear skies, no appreciable wind, and warm
air and water.

8. Equipment                                                    |

All equipment must be suited to the craft, to the water         |
conditions, and to the individual; must be in good repair;      |
and must satisfy all state and U.S. Coast Guard                 |
requirements.                                                   |

To the extent possible, carry spare equipment.  On long trips
or when spare equipment is not available, carry repair
materials.  Have appropriate rescue equipment available for
immediate use.

9.  Discipline                                                  |

All participants should know, understand, and respect the       |
rules and procedures for safe unit activity afloat.             |

When Scouts know and understand the reason for the rules,
they will observe them.  When fairly and impartially applied,
rules do not interfere with fun.  Rules for safety, plus
common sense and good judgment, keep the fun from being
interrupted by tragedy.

Note:  For cruising vessels excluding rowboats, canoes,         |
kayaks, and rafts, but including sailboats and powerboats       |
longer than 20 feet) used in adult-supervised unit              |
activities by a chartered Explorer post or ship specializing    |
in watercraft operations or used in adult-supervised program    |
activity in connection with any high-adventure program or       |
other activity under the direct control of the National         |
Council, the standards and procedures in the <Sea Exploring     |
Manual>, No. 3239, may be substituted for the "Safety           |
Afloat" standards.                                              |

Personal Flotation Devices (PFD's)

Properly fitted U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation    |
devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged in activity  |
on the open water (rowing, canoeing, sailing, boardsailing,     |
motorboating, waterskiing, rafting, tubing, kayaking, and       |
surfboarding).                                                  |

Only U.S. Coast Guard-approved equipment (types I, II, or III)  |
is acceptable for use in Scouting aquatics.                     |

Ski belts are not acceptable.  Scouts and unit leaders should
learn which type is appropriate for each specific
circumstance and how to wear and check for proper fit.

Water Clarity

Swimming activity in turbid water should be limited to          |
surface swimming.  Turbid water exists when a 12-inch white     |
disk at the depth of 3 feet is not visible from above the       |
surface of the water.  Underwater swimming, headfirst entry     |
(except for racing dives), and board diving are not             |
permitted in turbid water.                                      |

Supervised instruction in lifesaving skills and surface diving
may be conducted in confined areas of turbid water not
exceeding 8 feet in depth and free of bottom hazards.

Snorkeling and scuba skills are taught and practiced only in    |
clear water.  Clear water exists when a 12-inch disk at a       |
depth of 8 feet is visible from above the surface of the water. |

BSA Lifeguard

BSA Lifeguard certification has been established to provide
units (packs, troops. teams, and posts) with qualified
individuals within their own membership to give knowledgeable
supervision for activities on or in the water.

The first standard in the Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat
guidelines establishes a need for qualified supervision.  An
adult currently certified as a BSA Lifeguard or an adult
leader assisted by a Scout holding BSA Lifeguard certification
meets this requirement.  There is no minimum or maximum age
for qualifying as a BSA Lifeguard.

The latest requirements for BSA Lifeguard certification are
included on the application form, No. 4435.  Every unit
leader is encouraged to become certified or to be certain
that at least one youth or adult member of the unit has such
certification.

Swimming and Diving Areas

Swimming areas should be large enough to avoid crowding
(minimum of 40 square feet per swimmer).

Water depth for nonswimmers should not exceed 3-1/2 feet; for   |
beginners, 6 feet.  These areas should be visibly identified.   |

A minimum water depth of 7 feet beneath and in front of the     |
point of entry is required for diving from the edge of a pool,  |
pier, or floating platform.  A minimum of 12 feet of depth is   |
required for diving from a 1-meter board.                       |

Diving boards are not permitted higher than 1 meter above       |
the water surface or extended from a floating platform.         |

Studies show that the most serious diving injuries occur to
males, ages 12 to 31, diving from low heights, such as the
edge of a pool deck, a dock, or a pier, into water less than
4 feet deep.  A common type of injury on troop swims results
from jumping or diving from high points above the water onto
persons in the water below.

Scuba (Explorers and older Scouts only)

Any person possessing, displaying, or using scuba equipment     |
in connection with any Scouting-related activity must be        |
currently certified by the National Association of Underwater   |
Instructors (NAUI) or the Professional Association of Diving    |
Instructors (PADI).  These two agencies are recognized by the   |
Boy Scouts of America for scuba training and instruction.       |
Alternatively, if PADI or NAUI training and instruction is      |
not available, certification may be accepted from other         |
agencies that comply with Recreational Scuba Training Council   |
(RSTC) guidelines, provided that such acceptance has been       |
expressly approved by the BSA local council in consultation     |
with the BSA national Health and Safety Service.                |

Scuba programs may be a part of Varsity or Venture activities   |
and Exploring for participants who are 14 years of age or older.|
Persons meeting the age requirement and properly certified may  |
participate in group dives under the supervision of a           |
responsible adult who is currently certified as a dive master,  |
assistant instructor, or any higher rating from NAUI or PADI.   |
Student divers must be under the supervision of a currently     |
certified NAUI or PADI instructor.  No exceptions to the BSA    |
age requirement are permitted, and any NAUI or PADI age         |
requirements for those 14 and older shall be followed in all    |
Scout-related activities.                                       |

A 14-year-old participant with a junior diver certification     |
may dive only when accompanied by a buddy who is a certified    |
open-water diver at least 18 years old.                         |

Because of lack of frequency of diving by most sports divers,   |
it is important that any certified divers be screened and       |
evaluated by a certified diving instructor before participating |
in BSA-related activities.                                      |

The skills to be evaluated include the following:               |

    a.   Use of buoyancy control device                         |
    b.   Giant stride entry                                     |
    c.   Removal and replacement of weight belt                 |
    d.   Neutral buoyancy                                       |
    e.   Snorkel to regulator exchange                          |
    f.   Removal and replacement of scuba unit under the water  |
    g.   Face mask removal, replacement, and clearing           |
    h.   Emergency swimming ascent                              |
    i.   Alternate air source ascent                            |
    j.   Predive safety drill                                   |
    k.   Five-point ascent and descent                          |
    l.   Deepwater exits                                        |
    m.   Simulation of surface procedures                       |

Snorkeling, BSA

This recognition may be earned by any Scout who has
successfully passed the official BSA swimmer test during the
current season.  BSA Aquatics Instructors or those certified
by YMCA, PADI, NAUI, NASDS, or SSI as skin-diving instructors
may conduct this program.

Requirements and program outlines are available through the
Health and Safety Service, Boy Scouts of America, 1325 West
Walnut Hill Lane, P.0. Box 152079, Irving, TX 75015-2079.

Waterskiing

Safe waterskiing starts with safe equipment; a thorough
knowledge of techniques; competent instruction; an efficient,
careful tow boat operator; and a conscientious observer.
A life jacket is a must for all water-skiers. Skis should be
in good shape and free from sharp or protruding edges.  The
boat operator should be driving solely for the benefit,
satisfaction, and safety of the skier.  The boat and skier
should stay away from docks, swimmers, boaters, people who
are fishing, and other objects

The Water-Skier's Safety Code and Boat Driver's Safety Code
are found in the <Waterskiing> merit badge pamphlet. These
are guidelines to be followed by all those involved in the
sport of waterskiing.

Reference:    <Waterskiing> merit badge pamphlet

Board Sailing

The BSA board sailing program has been developed to introduce
Scout-age children to basic board sailing skills, equipment,
and safety precautions, to encourage development of skills
that promote fitness and safe aquatics recreation, and to
lay a skill and knowledge foundation for those who will later
participate in more advanced and demanding activities on the
water.

Any person recognized and certified as an instructor by
Windsurfer International or the U.S. Board Sailing Association
may serve as a counselor for this award with the approval of
the local council service center.  Any person trained and
experienced in board sailing skills and safety may serve as
a counselor for this award in a Scout summer camp program
under the direction and supervision of a currently certified
BSA Aquatics Instructor.

Instruction in recreational activity must be conducted
according to the BSA guidelines for board sailing.  The
board sailing award will be introduced and available for
inclusion in Scout programs in 1992.

Reference:    <Camp Program and Property Management>,
              Section IV, Aquatics.

Whitewater Safety Code

The American Whitewater Affiliation (AWA) Safety Code
includes ten recommendations for river safety:

1.  Be a competent swimmer.
2.  Wear a PFD.
3.  Keep your canoe under control, always!
4.  Be aware of river hazards and avoid them.
5.  Boating alone is not recommended; preferred minimum is
    three to a craft.
6.  Be suitably equipped.
    a.   Wear shoes (tennis shoes or special canoeing shoes
         are best).
    b.   Tie your glasses on.
    c.   Carry knife and waterproof matches (also compass and
         map).
    d.   Don't wear bulky clothing that will waterlog.
    e.   Wear a crash helmet where upsets are likely.
    f.   Carry an extra paddle and canoe-repair tape.
    g.   Open canoes should have bow and stern lines
         (painters) securely attached.  Use at least 15 feet
         of 1/4 or 3/8 inch rope.  Secure them to the canoe
         so they are readily available but will not entangle
         feet and legs in case of a spill.
7.  Swim on your back in fast water, keeping your feet and
    legs downstream and high.  Keep watching ahead.
8.  When you start to spill, keep the upstream gunwale high.
9.  If you do spill, hang on to your canoe and get to the
    upstream end.  (Note: If you are heading into rough
    rapids and quick rescue is not expected, or if water is
    numbing cold, then swim for shore or a rock where you
    can climb out of the water.)
10. When you are with a group:
    a.   Organize the group to even out canoeing ability.
    b.   Keep the group compact for mutual support.
    c.   Don't crowd rapids!  Let each canoe complete the run
         before the next canoe enters.
    d.   Each canoe is responsible for the canoe immediately
         behind it.

============================================================

III. Camping

Age Guidelines

The Boy Scouts of America has established the following
guidelines for its members' participation in camping
activities:

o   Overnight camping by second- and third-grade Cub Scout      |
    dens or Cub Scout packs (other than at an approved          |
    resident camping facility operated by the local             |
    council) is not approved, and certificates of liability     |
    will not be provided by the Boy Scouts of America.          |

o   Cub Scouts (second and third graders) and Webelos           |
    Scouts (fourth and fifth graders) may participate in a      |
    resident overnight camping program covering at least        |
    two nights and operating under certified leadership in      |
    an established Scout camp operated by the council           |
    during the normal camping season.                           |

    A Webelos Scout may participate in overnight den camping    |
    when supervised by his mother or father.  If a parent       |
    cannot attend, arrangements must be made by the boy's       |
    family for another youth's parent (but not the Webelos      |
    leader) or another adult relative or friend to be a         |
    substitute at the campout.                                  |

    Family camping in local council camps may be approved for   |
    individual families and groups of families (individual      |
    groups of families from the same Cub Scout pack) at the     |
    option of the council.  There shall be at least one         |
    parent/guardian (21 or older) for each family unit.         |
    Adult family members are responsible for all children in    |
    their own family at all times.                              |

o   All Boy Scouts (11-18) may participate in troop or patrol   |
    overnight campouts, camporees, and resident camps.          |

o   Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, and Explorers age 13 or older   |
    may also participate in world jamborees and high-adventure  |
    programs.                                                   |

If a well-meaning leader brings along a child who does not
meet these age guidelines, disservice is done to the unit
because of distractions often caused by younger children.
A disservice is done to the child, who is not trained to
participate in such an activity and who, as a nonmember of
the group, may be ignored by the older campers.

Trail Safety

Alertness and care in all that is done on the trail and
performing within the group's known capabilities are among
the best preventive measures against accidents.  Most common
outdoor injuries are blisters, cuts, sprains, strains,
bruises, and fractures.  Hikers also may become lost or get
caught in storms, and they often panic as a result.
Avoidable tragedies occur if campers and leaders lack the
skills and knowledge to deal with the problems encountered.
Leaders must alert their young people to the dangers of
unusual environment with proper instructions on fire safety,
orienteering, and safe travel.

Leaders must instruct those in their groups to <stay together>
on well-established trails, avoid loose rocks (especially on
descent), and avoid dangerous ledges, cliffs, and areas where
a fall might occur.  Accidents can occur when hikers kick and
roll boulders down steep hills.  Wilderness trails have no
caution signs for loose rocks, nor do they have guard rails
on cliffs.

Trail safety is a matter of common sense.  The response
of individual members of a group in doing the right thing is
important. When they understand the reason for rules of
safety, they obey them more willingly.

The Boy Scouts of America has an abundance of literature
related to proper procedures and guidelines for a group on
a trail.

References:   <Boy Scout Handbook>; <Backpacking>, <Camping>,
              and <Hiking> merit badge pamphlets; <Cub Scout
              Leader Book>; and <Scoutmaster Handbook>

Beware of Lightning

The summits of mountains, crests of ridges, slopes above
timberline, and large meadows are extremely hazardous places
to be during lightning storms.  If you are caught in such an
exposed place, quickly descend to a lower elevation, away
from the direction of the approaching storm, and squat down,
keeping your head low.  A dense forest located in a
depression provides the best protection.  Avoid taking
shelter under isolated trees or trees much taller than
adjacent trees.  Stay away from water, metal objects, and
other substances that will conduct electricity long distances.

By squatting with your feet close together, you have minimal
contact with the ground, thus reducing danger from ground
currents.  If the threat of lightning strikes is great, your
group should not huddle together but spread out at least 15
feet apart.  If one member of your group is jolted, the rest
of you can tend to him.  Whenever lightning is nearby, take
off backpacks with either external or internal metal frames.
In tents, stay at least a few inches from metal tent poles.

Lightning Safety Rules

o   Stay away from open doors and windows. fireplaces,
    radiators, stoves, metal pipes. sinks, and plug-in
    electrical appliances.
o   Don't use hair dryers, electric toothbrushes. or
    electric razors.
o   Don't use the telephone; lightning may strike telephone
    wires outside.
o   Don't take laundry off the clothesline.
o   Don't work on fences, telephone lines, power lines,
    pipelines, or structural steel fabrications.
o   Don't handle flammable materials in open containers.
o   Don't use metal objects. such as fishing rods and golf
    clubs. Golfers wearing cleated shoes are particularly good
    lightning rods.
o   Stop tractor work, especially when the tractor is
    pulling metal equipment, and dismount.  Tractors and other
    implements in metallic contact with the ground are often
    struck by lightning.
o   Get out of the water and off small boats.
o   Stay in the car if you are traveling.  Automobiles
    offer excellent lightning protection.
o   When no shelter is available, avoid the highest object
    in the area.  If only isolated trees are nearby, the best
    protection is to crouch in the open, keeping twice as far
    away from isolated trees as the trees are high.
o   Avoid hilltops, open spaces, wire fences, metal
    clotheslines, exposed sheds, and any electrically conducted
    elevated objects.

============================================================

IV.  Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use and Abuse

The Boy Scouts of America prohibits the use of alcoholic        |
beverages and controlled substances at encampments or           |
activities on property owned and/or operated by the Boy         |
Scouts of America, or at any activity involving participation   |
of youth members.                                               |

Adult leaders should support the attitude that young adults
are better off without tobacco and
should not allow the use of tobacco products at any BSA         |
activity involving youth participants.                          |

============================================================

V.  Emergency Preparedness

Perhaps the most critical test of your preparedness will be
in time of emergency.  Developing and rehearsing an emergency
action plan will add precious time needed for response to a
crisis.  This is true on a day hike, overnight or longer troop
camp, and all other activities.  A plan should include:

    1.   The person in charge
    2.   Action to be taken
    3.   Alternatives
    4.   People and agencies to notify
    5.   Location of law enforcement
    6.   Fire and health facilities
    7.   Evacuation procedures

Skilled planners "live" the experience in advance by thinking
their way through every detail of an activity or event.
This practice helps eliminate surprises.  If an emergency
occurs, panic is replaced by self-confident quickness.

Whenever an emergency occurs in which a person needs medical
care beyond simple first aid (for example, going to a medical
clinic or emergency room at a hospital), leaders should
immediately notify the parent or next of kin.  In case of a
missing Scout or a fatality, notify the council Scout
executive after notifying local authorities and emergency
medical services.

Prepare an emergency phone number list, like the one below,
for out-of-town trips.  This list and an ample supply of
coins should be kept with your first-aid kit.

Emergency Phone Number List

    1.   Location of trip or expedition:
    2.   Location of nearest town(s), city(ies), or phone(s):
    3.   Name and phone number of nearest doctor, hospital, or
         medical facility:
    4.   Name and phone number of nearest county sheriff department:
    5.   Name and phone number of nearest state or federal park station:
    6.   Phone number of ______________ Highway Patrol:
    7.   Phone number of local BSA council service center:

============================================================

VI.  First Aid

First aid is the first help or immediate care given someone
who has suddenly sickened or been hurt in an accident.
First-aid training continues through the program of the Boy
Scouts of America as concrete evidence that we are prepared
to help others in need.

It is important that one person in each touring group be
trained in the principles of first aid, know how and when
to put this knowledge to the best use, and thoroughly
understand the limitations of this knowledge.

It is strongly recommended that adult leaders in Scouting
avail themselves of CPR and first-aid training by the
American Red Cross or any recognized agency to be aware of
the latest techniques and procedures.  However, some of the
first-aid techniques found in BSA literature are not the same
as those professed by the American Red Cross.  Frequently,
modifications depend on the Scout's age--this could be a
factor in the Scout's judgment and physical dexterity.

First-Aid Kits

A first-aid kit well stocked with the basic essentials is
indispensable.  Choose one sturdy and lightweight, yet large
enough to hold the contents so that they are readily visible
and so that any one item may be taken out without unpacking
the whole kit.  Keep a list of contents readily available
for easy refilling.  Keep the kit in a convenient location.
Make one person responsible for keeping the kit filled and
available when needed.  Quantities of suggested items for
your first-aid kit depend on the size of your group and
local conditions.

<Suggested First-Aid Kit Contents>
    Bar of soap
    2-inch roller bandage
    1-inch roller bandage
    1-inch adhesive
    3-by-3-inch sterile pads
    Triangular bandage
    Assorted gauze pads
    Adhesive strips
    Clinical oral thermometer
    Scissors
    Tweezers
    Sunburn lotion
    Lip salve
    Poison-ivy lotion
    Small flashlight (with extra batteries and bulb)
    Absorbent cotton
    Water purification tablets (iodine)
    Safety pins
    Needles
    Paper cups
    Foot powder
    Instant ice packs

Because of the possibility of exposure to communicable
diseases, first-aid kits should include latex gloves, goggles,
and antiseptic to be used when giving first aid to bleeding
victims, as protection against possible exposure.  Mouthpieces
or mouth barrier devices should be available for CPR.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

This specialized skill to endeavor to revive victims of
cardiac arrest (no breathing-no pulse) may be taught to Boy
Scouts and Explorers by an instructor currently certified by
the American Red Cross or American Heart Association.
Teaching this skill to Cub Scouts is not recommended.

Preliminary skills related to CPR are found in the <Boy
Scout Handbook> and the <First Aid> merit badge pamphlet
(rescue breathing, choking, and steps to take for CPR).

Protection Considerations for Bloodborne Pathogens

Many people are concerned about the rapid spread of HIV
(the AIDS virus) and try to avoid exposing themselves to
this hazard.  Health professionals and amateur first-aiders
like those of us in Scouting may find ourselves faced with
special concerns in this regard.  Therefore, we must know
how to act and how to instruct the youth we lead.

All Scouters should do the following:

    1.   Try to maintain the BSA's tradition of rendering
         first aid to those in need.
    2.   Recognize that often the victims we treat with
         first aid are friends and family members whose
         health we are familiar with.  Therefore, in such
         cases, except when we know they have infectious
         diseases, we should not hesitate to treat them.
    3.   Treat all blood as if it is contaminated with
         bloodborne viruses.  Try to stop bleeding or dress
         wounds after protecting ourselves by wearing latex
         or vinyl gloves, or covering our hands with several
         sterile dressings or a piece of plastic wrap.  Unit
         first-aid kits should, therefore, contain these items.
         First-aiders should always wash their hands
         immediately after treating any kind of injury,
         especially one involving blood or any other body fluid.
    4.   Render rescue breathing using a mouth-barrier device.
         This allows the rescuer to breathe into the victim,
         but prevents the victim's breath from passing through
         that same device.  This device also keeps the victim's
         saliva from entering the rescuer's system.  First-aid
         equipment suppliers and many pharmacies sell this
         equipment.  One should be in every unit first-aid kit.
    5.   Equip first-aiders with plastic goggles that will
         prevent a victim's blood from getting into the
         rescuer's eyes in the case of serious arterial
         bleeding.

Individuals who might have been exposed to another's
blood and body fluids (medicine, fire rescue, and law
enforcement Explorer post members; volunteer first-aiders at
camporees, Scouting shows, and similar events) should know
the following:

    1.   The chartered organization and its leaders should
         always explain and make clear the possible degree
         of exposure to blood or body fluids as a result of
         Scouting activities.
    2.   As a precaution, adult volunteers or youth members
         should consider a hepatitis-B vaccination.  The
         cost of the shots will not be borne by BSA nor is
         the chartered organization required to underwrite
         the cost.
    3.   The chartered organization may arrange to have shots
         given at a reduced rate or free of charge.
    4.   If vaccination is recommended, any adult volunteers
         and youth members who decline the shots either at
         full cost to them or at a reduced rate, or free,
         should sign a refusal waiver that should be retained
         by the council for five years.

Near-Drowning

Near-drowning is a term used to describe a fatality that
occurs several hours after resuscitation or revival of a
drowning victim.  Near-drowning accidents are usually
witnessed and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is
delivered at the scene.  Lung rupture can occur during the
submersion or consequent to the resuscitation efforts.
Pneumonia is a later complication in the injured lung.  To
ensure that water-accident victims do not become near-
drownings, they need to be admitted to a hospital with a
respiratory intensive care unit and monitored for at least
24 hours to watch for complications. The hypothermic victim
requires special attention.

============================================================

VII.  Fuels and Fire Prevention

Chemical Fuels

Because serious accidents can happen when using gasoline
in lanterns and stoves and igniting fires with liquid starters,
starters,
adult supervision is required when chemical fuels are being     |
used for lighting and cooking.                                  |

Guidelines for Safely Using Chemical Stoves and Lanterns

1.  Use compressed- or liquid-gas stoves or lanterns only
    with knowledgeable adult supervision and in Scout
    facilities only where and when permitted.

2.  Operate and maintain according to manufacturer's
    instructions included with the stove or lantern.

3.  Store fuel in approved containers and under adult           |
    supervision.                                                |

    Keep all chemical fuel containers away from
    hot stoves and campfires, and store below 100 .

4.  Let hot stoves and lanterns cool before changing
    cylinders of compressed gases or refilling from bottles
    of liquid gas.

5.  Refill liquid-gas stoves and lanterns a safe distance
    from any flames, including other stoves, campfires, and
    personal smoking substances.  A commercial camp stove
    fuel should be used for safety and performance.  Pour
    through a filter funnel.  Recap both the device and
    the fuel container before igniting.

6.  Never fuel a stove, heater, or lantern inside a cabin;      |
    always do this outdoors.  Do not operate a stove or         |
    lantern in an unventilated structure.  Provide at least     |
    two ventilation openings, one high and one low, to          |
    provide oxygen and exhaust for lethal gases.                |

    Never fuel, ignite, or operate a stove, heater, or          |
    lantern in a tent.                                          |

7.  Place the stove on a level, secure surface before
    operating.  On snow, place insulated support under the
    stove to prevent melting and tipping.

8.  Periodically check fittings on compressed-gas stoves
    and on pressurized liquid-gas stoves for leakage, using
    soap solution before lighting.

9.  To avoid possible fires, locate gas tanks, stoves,
    etc., below any tents since heavy leaking gas will
    flow downhill the same as water.

10. When lighting a stove, keep fuel bottles and extra
    canisters well away.  Do not hover over the stove when
    lighting it. Keep your head and body to one side.  Open
    the stove valve quickly for two full turns and light
    carefully, with head, fingers, and hands to the side of
    the burner.  Then adjust down.

11. Do not leave a lighted stove or lantern unattended.

12. Do not overload the stovetop with heavy pots or large
    frying pans.  If pots over 2 quarts are necessary, set
    up a separate grill with legs to hold the pot, and place
    the stove under the grill.

13. Bring empty fuel containers home for disposal.  Do not
    place in or near fires.  Empty fuel containers will
    explode if heated and should never be put in fireplaces
    or with burnable trash.

Flammability Warning

No tent material is completely fireproof.  It can burn
when exposed to continued, intense heat or fire.  The most
important safeguard is to keep flames away from canvas
materials.  For this reason, the following safety
precautions are emphasized:

1.  Only flashlights and electric lanterns are permitted in
    tents.
    <No flames in tents> is a rule that must be enforced.       |

2.  Never use liquid-fuel stoves, heaters, lanterns, lighted    |
    candles, matches, and other flame sources in or near tents. |

3.  Do not pitch tents near an open fire.

4.  Do not use flammable chemicals near tents--charcoal
    lighter or spray cans of paint, bug killer, or repellent.

5.  Be careful when using electricity and lighting in tents.

6.  Always extinguish cooking campfires promptly.

7.  Obey all fire laws, ordinances, and regulations.            |

Extinguishers

If fire breaks out, it must be quickly and properly
suppressed.  To do this, you must know the three classes of
fires and how to combat them:

Class A- Fires that involve normally combustible materials
         such as paper, wood, fabrics, rubber, and many
         plastics.  These fires can be quenched with water
         or insulated with tri-class (ABC) chemical or foam
         extinguishers.

Class B- Fires that involve gasoline, oil, grease, tars,
         paints, lacquers, or flammable gases.  The oxygen
         that supports this type of fire must be cut off by
         tri-class (ABC), regular dry chemical, foam, or
         carbon dioxide (C02) extinguishers.  Water is
         dangerous, as it spreads the fire.

Class C- Electrical fires involving heated wire and arcing.
         These fires must be suppressed with tri-class (ABC)
         dry chemicals or C02--never water, which is a
         conductor.

Fires in any one class may involve materials of other
classes, so more than one type of extinguisher should be
available.  Because of the danger of lethal fumes, carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) extinguishers must not be used.
Dispose of these extinguishers as recommended by fire
officials.  Extinguishers should normally be mounted near a
doorway and approximately at shoulder level.  In a camp
setting, the unit leader is responsible for training Scouts
in fire prevention, fire detection and reporting, and fire
fighting.  All youth members and adult leaders should have
unit fireguard plan training.

Reference:    <Unit Fireguard>, No. 3691A

Fireworks

The Boy Scouts of America prohibits the securing, use, and      |
display of fireworks in conjunction with programs and           |
activities except where the fireworks display is conducted      |
under the auspices of a certified or licensed fireworks         |
control expert.                                                 |

Local councils may not authorize any group or chartered unit    |
activity for or on behalf of its members, units, or district    |
to sell fireworks as a fundraising or money-earning activity.   |

============================================================

VIII.  Guns and Firearms

The Boy Scouts of America adheres to its longstanding
policy of teaching its youth and adult members the safe,
responsible, intelligent handling, care, and use of firearms,
airguns, and BB guns in planned, carefully managed, and
supervised programs.

Except for law enforcement officers required to carry           |
firearms within their jurisdiction, firearms shall not be       |
brought on camping, hiking, backpacking, or other Scouting      |
activities except those specifically planned for target         |
shooting under the supervision of a certified BSA or National   |
Rifle Association firearms instructor.                          |

Cub Scout Standards

Gun-shooting sports are not an approved part of the Cub Scout   |
program except at a council-approved Cub Scout day camp, Cub    |
Scout resident camp, or Cub Scout family camp.  At camp, Cub    |
Scouts may have an opportunity to take part in a BB-gun (rifle) |
safety and marksmanship program under the direction of a        |
trained and certified BB-gun range officer.                     |

Cub Scouts are not permitted to use any other type of handgun   |
or firearm.                                                     |

Boy Scout Standards

Boy Scouts are permitted to fire .22 caliber bolt-action,       |
single-shot rifles, air rifles, shotguns, and muzzle-loading    |
long guns under the direction of a certified instructor, 21     |
years of age or older, within the standards outlined in         |
current Scouting literature and bulletins.  BSA policy does     |
not permit the use of handguns in the Boy Scouting program.     |

Handguns (Explorers only)

The following guidelines relate to the use of handguns
within the program of the Boy Scouts of America.

1.  Handgun use is limited to the Explorer program only.        |

2.  All training and shooting activities must be under the      |
    supervision of an NRA-certified instructor or the firearms  |
    instructor of a local, state, or federal agency.            |

3.  All participants must complete a basic pistol marksmanship  |
    course prior to range firing.  The NRA basic pistol         |
    marksmanship course (or equivalent training course)         |
    conducted by a law enforcement agency, a civilian gun       |
    club, or a U.S. military department is acceptable.          |

4.  Explorer handgun shooting "Range Operation Outline" must
    be used in conjunction with the basic pistol marksmanship
    training.  This outline is available from the Exploring
    Division or Health and Safety Service at the national
    office.

5.  With the approval of the local council, handgun shooting    |
    may be conducted on BSA camp ranges, provided the shooting  |
    is done under the auspices of an NRA-certified instructor   |
    or firearms instructor of a local, state, or federal        |
     agency.                                                    |

6.  Care must be taken to comply with federal, state, and
    local laws.

Shotguns

The following standards are established for shotguns to be
used by Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, or Explorers:

1.  It is recommended that either 20-, 16-, or 12-gauge
    semi-automatic shotguns be used.  Gas operated shotguns
    are recommended.

2.  Ammunition containing No. 8 shot or smaller is recommended
    on ranges with a protected down range of 600 feet.
    Additional down range distance of 150 feet (total 750)
    is required for No. 6 shot size.  Shot larger than No. 6
    is not to be used.

3.  Shooting safety glasses and ear protectors must be worn
    on shotgun ranges.

4.  All training and shooting activities must be supervised
    by a currently NRA certified shotgun instructor or coach
    who is 21 years of age or older.

Primary Reference: <Camp Program and Property Management>
                   (Shooting Sports, Section V).

Muzzle Loaders

The following standards for muzzle-loading long guns are to
be used by members of the BSA:

1.  Muzzle-loading rifles must be recently manufactured,
    percussion only.  BSA recommends .45 or .50 caliber.
    Rifles made from kits must be checked by an expert
    gunsmith.
2.  Recommended loads of .FFFg blackpowder are not to exceed
    1 grain per caliber.  One-half of this amount is
    frequently sufficient for target shooting.

3.  Shooting safety glasses and ear protectors must be worn.

4.  All training and shooting activities must be supervised
    by a currently certified NRA/NMLRA muzzle-loading rifle
    instructor over 21 years of age.

5.  Each pupil must have one instructor or adult coach
    under instructor supervision when loading and firing.

Primary Reference: <Camp Program and Property Management>
                   (Shooting Sports, Section V)

Rifles

     The following standards are established for rifles to
be used in Boy Scouting:

1.  Breech-loading rifles will be single-shot, bolt-action      |
    of the .22 caliber rim-fire type only.  They may be         |
    chambered for the .22 short or .22 long rifle, but not      |
    for the .22 WRF (which is a more powerful cartridge).       |
    Air rifles are also permitted.                              |

2.  Semiautomatic rifles will not be permitted.                 |

3.  Repeating rifles having a tubular magazine will not be      |
    permitted.                                                  |

4.  Repeating rifles having a removable clip-type magazine      |
    will be permitted but must be used as single loaders.       |

5.  No rifle will be used that has less than a 3-pound          |
    trigger pull.                                               |

6.  Shooting safety glasses and ear protectors must be worn     |
     on the range.                                              |

7.  All training and shooting activities must be supervised     |
    by a currently NRA-certified rifle instructor or coach      |
    who is 2l years of age or older.                            |

============================================================

IX.  Hazardous Sports and Activities That Require Special
         Precautions

The general policy of Scouting is to train youth to do safely
the many things they normally do, such as swimming and boating;
handling firearms, knives, and axes; riding bicycles; and
hiking and camping.  Scouting's disapproval or restriction of
hazardous sports and activities is a positive policy to keep
fun in the program and to develop sound judgment through
experience.  It is consistent with our principle of safety
through skill on the part of leaders and youth.

Cave Exploring

These minimum safety requirements apply:

1.  Cave exploring, other than simple novice activities,        |
    should be limited to high school-age or older Scouts        |
    and Explorers.                                              |

2.  Group leaders qualify through training and experience
    in cave exploring and through knowing established practices
    of safety, conservation, and cave courtesy.

3.  Leader and group must understand and agree to follow the
    basic practices and policies of caving approved by the
    National Speleological Society and the Boy Scouts of
    America.

References:   Venture activity pamphlet, <Caving>, No. 33458,
              and detailed information prepared by the
              National Speleological Society available from
              the Council Services Division at the national
              office.

Judo

If Scouts and Explorers practice defensive judo, it should
be done with proper mats and with qualified instructors
related to YMCAs. colleges, or athletic clubs whose
objectives and coaching methods are compatible with the
principles of the Boy Scouts of America.

Rock Climbing and Rappelling

It is important to distinguish between rock climbing
(ascending or traversing a steep rock face) and rappelling
(descending with a controlled slide down a rope).  Both
activities require special considerations of supervision,
equipment, facilities, and location.  Safety must be
paramount so that participants are not exposed to
unreasonable risk.  Standards prepared with the assistance
of highly qualified rock climbing authorities should be
adhered to in conducting a rock climbing/rappelling program.

References:   <Outdoor Skills Instruction-Rappelling>, No.
              33027, and Venture activity pamphlet <Rock
              Climbing and Rappelling>, No. 3480

Unauthorized and Restricted Activities

The following activities have been declared unauthorized        |
and restricted by the Boy Scouts of America:                    |

o   All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are banned from program  use.   |
    ATVs are defined a motorized recreational cycles with       |
    three or four large, soft tires, designed for off-road use  |
    on a variety of terrains.                                   |

o   Boxing, karate, and related martial arts are not            |
    authorized activities.                                      |

o   Chainsaws and mechanical log splitters may be authorized    |
    for use only by trained individuals over the age of 18,     |
    using proper protective gear in accordance with local laws. |

o   Exploration of abandoned mines is an unauthorized activity. |

o   Varsity football teams and interscholastic or club football |
    competition and activities are unauthorized activities.     |

o   Fireworks secured, used, or displayed in conjunction with   |
    program and activities is unauthorized except where the     |
    fireworks display is conducted under the auspices of a      |
    certified or licensed fireworks control expert.             |

o   The selling of fireworks as a fundraising or money-earning  |
    activity by any group acting for or on behalf of members,   |
    units, or districts may not be authorized by councils.      |

o   Flight training (power aircraft inflight) and hang gliding, |
    microlite and ultralight flying, experimental aircraft      |
    flying, parachuting, and hot-air ballooning are             |
    unauthorized activities.                                    |

o   Motorized go-carts and motorbike activities are             |
    unauthorized for Cub Scout and Boy Scout programs.  All     |
    motorized speed events, including motorcycles, boats,       |
    drag racing, demolition derbies, and related events, are    |
    not authorized activities for any program level.            |

o   Participation in amateur or professional rodeo events and   |
    council or district sponsorship of rodeos are not           |
    authorized.                                                 |

o   The activity commonly referred to as "War Games"--in which  |
    individuals shoot paint or dye at one another--is an        |
    unauthorized activity.                                      |

o   Hunting is not an authorized Cub Scout or Boy Scout         |
    activity, although hunting safety is part of the program    |
    curriculum. (The purpose of this policy is to restrict      |
    chartered packs, troops and teams from conduction hunting   |
    trips.)  However, this policy does not restrict Explorer    |
    posts from conducting hunting trips or special adult        |
    hunting expeditions provided that adequate safety           |
    procedures are followed and that all participants have      |
    obtained necessary permits and/or licenses from either      |
    state or federal agencies.  While hunter safety education   |
    might not be required prior to obtaining a hunting license, |
    successful completion of the respective state voluntary     |
    program is required before participating in the activity.   |

o   Motorized personal watercraft, such as jet-skis, are        |
    not authorized for use in Scouting aquatics, and their use  |
    should not be permitted in or near BSA program areas.       |

o   Except for (1) law enforcement officers required to carry   |
    firearms within their jurisdiction, and (2) circumstances   |
    within the scope of the BSA hunting policy statement,       |
    firearms should not be in the possession of any person      |
    engaged in camping, hiking, backpacking, or any other       |
    Scouting activity other than those specifically planned     |
    for target shooting under the supervision of a certified    |
    firearms instructor.  (Among the purposes of this policy    |
    is to prohibit adult leaders from bringing firearms on      |
    BSA camping and hiking activities or to unit meetings.)     |

o   Parasailing, or any activity in which a person is carried   |
    aloft by a parachute, parasail, kite, or other device       |
    towed by a motorboat or by any other means, is              |
    unauthorized.                                               |

o   All activities related to bungee cord jumping (sometimes    |
    called shock cord jumping) are unauthorized.                |

Carbon Tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride must never be used in any way in the       |
Scouting program.                                               |

Even in small quantities, this poison has proved to be so
deadly that it must be ruled out as a cleaning fluid, a fire
extinguisher, a poison for insect killing, and a watermark
detector for stamp collecting.

Knives

A sharp pocketknife with a can opener on it is an invaluable
backcountry tool.  Keep it clean, sharp, and handy.  Avoid
large sheath knives.  They are heavy and awkward to carry and
unnecessary for most camp chores except for cleaning fish.
Since its inception, Boy Scouting has relied heavily on an
outdoor program to achieve its objectives.  This program
meets more of the purposes of Scouting than any other single
feature.  We believe we have a duty to instill in our members,
youth and adult, the knowledge of how to use, handle, and
store legally owned knives with the highest concern for
safety and responsibility.

References:   <Boy Scout Handbook>, <Bear Cub Scout Book>, and
              <Wolf Cub Scout Book>

Rope Monkey Bridges

When constructing monkey bridges, observe the following
safety rules:

1.  Always follow the steps for constructing monkey bridges
    outlined in the <Pioneering> merit badge pamphlet.

2.  Before beginning the project, inspect your rope, looking
    at both the inside fibers and inner strands.  Know the
    size and strength of the type of rope you are using, and
    its safe working load.

3.  Monkey bridges should not be constructed higher than 5
    feet above flat-surfaced ground nor longer than 40 feet.
    Initially. beginners should not span more than 25 feet.

4.  Know the effect the knots will have in reducing rope
    strength and the proper care that rope requires.

5.  Rope, especially rope carrying a load, should be checked
    each day before using.  Rope carrying a load and left in
    place tends to become slack from fatigue and will break
    under stress.  Tighten rope as necessary to maintain the
    integrity of the original construction.

6.  Exercise special care when members of the public are
    allowed to use these monkey bridges.  Establish controls
    when monkey bridges are constructed outside the camp
    environment.  Station Scouts at each end to control
    access to the bridge.  Allow only one adult at a time
    on the bridge.  Never allow unaccompanied children on
    the bridge.  Shut down the bridge when any repairs are
    being made and do not reopen until the adult leader has
    approved the repairs.

7.  Any activity on rope swings, monkey bridges, slide-for-
    life, or similar devices that are located over water must
    comply with Safe Swim Defense.

Reference:    <Pioneering> merit badge pamphlet

Parade Floats and Hayrides

The BSA rule prohibiting the transportation of passengers
in the backs of trucks or on trailers may be tempered for
parade floats or hayrides, provided that the following
points are strictly followed to prevent injuries:

1.  Transportation to and from the parade or hayride site
    is not allowed on the truck or trailer.

2.  Those persons riding, whether seated or standing, must
    be able to hold on to something stationary.

3.  Legs should not hang over the side.

4.  Flashing lights must illuminate a vehicle used for a
    hayride after dark, or the vehicle must be followed by
    a vehicle with flashing lights.

Unit Fund-raisers

Include these safety considerations when planning a unit
fund-raiser:

1.  Money-earning projects should be suited to the ages and
    abilities of youth participants.

2.  Proper adult supervision should be provided.

3.  Youth should engage in money-earning projects only in
    neighborhoods that are safe and familiar and should use
    the buddy system.

4.  Leaders must train youth members to never enter the home
    of a stranger and to know whom to contact in case of an
    emergency.

5.  Youth participants should be familiar with safe pedestrian
    practices and participate during daylight hours only.

6.  Compliance requirements:

    A.   Check local statutes regarding solicitation rules
         and permits.

    B.   A Unit Fund-raising Permit must be obtained from
         the local council service center.

Tractor Safety

1.  All farm-class tractors used by BSA members or employees    |
    in conjunction with any BSA activity or on BSA property     |
    must be equipped with seat belts and rollover protection    |
    (rollbars, reinforced cab or equivalent protection).  If    |
    the tractor does not have this equipment refer to           |
    Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)        |
    regulations for interim compliance requirements.  As of     |
    January 1, 1993, the use of any farm-class tractor not      |
    equipped with seat belts and rollover protection is         |
    unauthorized.                                               |

2.  No BSA member or employee may operate a farm class tractor  |
    in conjunction with any BSA activity or on BSA property     |
    unless such member or employee is at least 18 years of      |
    age and has completed BSA National Camping School ranger    |
    certification, or has been specifically trained in          |
    operations and safety procedures for tractors and their     |
    attached implements by a currently certified ranger and     |
    is directly supervised by a currently certified ranger.     |

============================================================

X.  Inspections

Meeting Room

Periodically, once or twice a year, the unit meeting place      |
should be inspected for health and safety hazards.              |

The Meeting Place Inspection checklist, No. 6140A, is included
in the appendix.

Motor Vehicles

Motor vehicles transporting passengers or carrying equipment
should meet state inspection standards, if applicable, or use
the vehicle checklist included in the appendix as a guide.

Unit Camping

Essentially, three occasions in unit camping require
inspection:

    (1)  after camp is set up,

    (2)  after camp is taken down, and

    (3)  periodically between.

Your main interest in these inspections is to ensure a safe,
livable camp and an unblemished site after you leave.

Boats

Upon request, the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary will conduct a
Courtesy Marine Examination of any craft over 16 feet in
length.  The officer will analyze the vessel and advise you
of any deficiencies within state or federal regulations.

References:   <Handbook for Skippers> and
              <Safe Boating Instructor's Guide>

============================================================

XI.  Medical Information

It is recommended that all members of the Boy Scouts of
America have periodic medical evaluations by a physician.*
In recent years, in an effort to provide better care to
those who may become ill or injured and to provide youth
members and adult leaders a better understanding of their
physical capabilities,
the Boy Scouts of America established minimum standards for     |
providing medical information prior to participating in         |
various activities. They are classified as follows:             |

<Class 1:>    Includes any event that does <not exceed          |
seventy-two consecutive hours>, where the level of activity     |
is similar to that normally expended at home or at school,      |
and where medical care is readily available.                    |

Examples:                                                       |
    day camp,                                                   |
    day hike,                                                   |
    swimming party, or                                          |
    an overnight camp.                                          |

Medical information required is <a current health history       |
signed by parents or guardian>.  The health history form        |
currently found on the back of the BSA individual               |
applications or the Class I Personal Health and Medical         |
Summary found on page 3 of form No. 34414 (Personal Health      |
and Medical Record) meet this requirement.                      |

Den leaders, Scoutmasters, team coaches, and post advisors      |
should review these and become knowledgeable about the medical  |
needs of the youth members in their unit.                       |

Forms must be updated annually.  They are filled out by         |
participants and kept on file for easy reference.               |

<Class 2:>    Includes any event that <exceeds 72 consecutive   |
hours> where the level of activity is similar to that normally  |
expended at home or at school, and where medical care is        |
readily available.                                              |

Examples:                                                       |
    resident camping,                                           |
    tour camping, and                                           |
    hiking in relatively populated areas.                       |

Medical data required is <an annual health history signed by    |
parents or guardian supported by a medical evaluation           |
completed within the past thirty-six months by a physician      |
licensed to practice medicine>.  The Personal Health and        |
Medical Record--Class 2, No. 34414, is designed primarily       |
for resident Cub Scout and Boy Scout summer camp but could      |
be used for any Class 2 activity.                               |

Youth members and adult participants under 40 years of age      |
use this form.  The Class 2 requirement or form is not          |
applicable to adults over 40.  (See <Camp Health and Safety>    |
for additional information on Class 2 application.)             |

<Class 3:>    Includes any event involving strenuous activity   |
such as backpacking, high altitude, extreme weather conditions, |
cold water, exposure, fatigue, athletic competition, adventure  |
challenge, or remote condition where readily available medical  |
care cannot be assured.                                         |

Examples:                                                       |
    high-adventure activities,                                  |
    jamborees,                                                  |
    Wood Badge,                                                 |
    Explorer Olympics, and                                      |
    extended backpacking trips in remote areas.                 |

Medical information required includes <current health history   |
supported by a medical evaluation within the past twelve        |
months performed by a physician licensed to practice medicine.> |

Form 34412 is to be used by youth for Class 3 activities.       |
Adults over 40 will use this form for Class 2 and Class 3       |
activities.  See form No. 34414, Personal Health and Medical    |
Record, for more information.                                   |

*   Examinations conducted by doctors of chiropractic or
    pediatric nurse practitioners will be recognized in
    states where they may perform physical examinations
    for students enrolled in public school systems.

Immunizations

Verification of the following protections is strongly
recommended before participation in activities conducted by
the Boy Scouts of America:

1.  Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid within the last ten years.

2.  Measles mumps and rubella (MMR) since first birthday.

3.  Trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV); four doses since
    birth.

Life-Threatening Communicable Diseases

Local Scouting units and their chartered organizations
traditionally determine their own membership, absent any
legal constraints.  Accordingly, units and sponsoring
institutions should determine the feasibility or
desirability of allowing youth or adult members who have
or are suspected of having a life-threatening communicable
disease to participate in Scouting activities.  A youth
member who is unable to attend meetings may continue to
pursue Scouting through the Lone Scout program.

Religious Beliefs and Medical Care

The following is the policy of the Boy Scouts of America
regarding medical requirements:

o   Medical examinations for camp attendance are required       |
    of all campers for the protection of the entire camp        |
    group.  The immunization requirement is waived for          |
    persons with religious beliefs against immunization.        |

o   All Scouts and Scout leaders need to learn first aid, not   |
    for their own use, but for service to others who may        |
    require it.  A Scout or leader may ask to be excused from   |
    first-aid instruction, but no advancement requirement will  |
    be waived except as indicated.                              |

o   Requirements 1 and 5 for the Personal Fitness merit badge   |
    call for examinations by a physician and a dentist with     |
    appropriate follow-up recommendations.  This may be set     |
    aside on presentation of a certificate by the Scout's       |
    parents and a proper church official that a definite        |
    violation of religious conviction is involved.              |

============================================================

XII.  Transportation

Established public carriers--trains, buses and commercial
airlines--are the safest and most comfortable way for groups
to travel.  Chartered buses usually are the most economical
transportation for groups of twenty or more.  It may be
necessary for small groups to travel in private automobiles;
however the use of chartered equipment from established rail
bus and airline companies is strongly recommended.  The
advantages are many.  These companies have excellent safety
records because of their periodic inspections and approved
health and safety procedures.

References:   <Cub Scout Leader Book>,
              <Scoutmaster Handbook>,
              <Troop Committee Guidebook>,
              <Exploring Reference Book>, and
              <Tours And Expeditions>

Automobiles

It is essential that adequate, safe, and responsible
transportation be used for all Scouting activities.  Because
most accidents occur within a short distance from home,
safety precautions are necessary, even on short trips.
General guidelines are as follows

1.  Seat belts are required for all occupants.                  |

2.  All drivers must be licensed.  If the vehicle to be used    |
    is designed to carry more than fifteen persons, including   |
    the driver (more than ten persons, including the driver,    |
    in California), the driver must have a commercial driver's  |
    license (CDL).                                              |

3.  An adult leader (at least 21 years of age) must be in       |
    charge and accompany the group.                             |

4.  The driver must be currently licensed and at least 18       |
    years of age.  Youth member exception:  When traveling      |
    to an area, regional, or national Boy Scout activity or     |
    any Explorer event under the leadership of an adult (at     |
    least 21 years of age) tour leader, a youth member at       |
    least 18 years of age may be a driver, subject to the       |
    following conditions:                                       |

    a.   Six months' driving experience as a licensed driver    |
         (time on a learner's permit or equivalent is not to    |
         be counted)                                            |

    b.   No record of accidents or moving violations            |

    c.   Parental permission granted to the leader, driver,     |
         and riders                                             |

    d.   A 21-year-old licensed driver must be a passenger      |
         in the vehicle.                                        |

5.  Passenger cars or station wagons may be used for            |
    transporting passengers, but passengers should not ride     |
    on the rear deck of station wagons.                         |

6.  Trucks may not be used for transporting passengers except   |
    in the cab.                                                 |

7.  All driving, except short trips, should be done in          |
    daylight.                                                   |

8.  All vehicles must be covered by automobile liability        |
    insurance with limits that meet or exceed requirements      |
    of the state in which the vehicle is licensed.  It is       |
    recommended that coverage limits are at least               |
    $50,000/$100,000/$50,000.  Any vehicle designed to carry    |
    ten or more passengers is <required> to have limits of      |
    $100,000/$500,000/$100,000.                                 |

9.  Do not exceed the speed limit.                              |

10. Do not travel in convoy.                                    |

11. Twelve hours of actual travel time including rest stops     |
    and a change of drivers is the maximum for one day; a       |
    minimum of eight or nine hours should be planned for        |
    sleep at night.                                             |

Campers, Trailers, and Trucks

Trucks are designed and constructed to transport materials
and equipment, not people.

The beds of trucks or trailers must never be used for           |
carrying passengers.                                            |

Tour permits will not be issued for any trip that involves
carrying passengers in a truck except in the cab.  This
includes vehicles converted for that use unless they are
licensed as buses and meet all requirements for buses.  Use
caution in towing trailers or campers as a vehicle's
performance, steering, and braking abilities will be altered.
Consider these safety tips:

1.  Get the correct trailer for the car and the correct
     hitch for the trailer.  Distribute and anchor the load.

2.  Allow extra time to brake.  Changing lanes while braking
    can jackknife the trailer.

3.  Add safety equipment as dictated by common sense and
    state laws (mirrors, lights, safety chains, brakes for
    heavy trailers, etc.)

4.  Park in designated areas.

Buses

A driver of a bus or any vehicle designed to carry more         |
than fifteen persons (including driver) is required to have     |
a commercial driver's license.                                  |

Possession of a license, however, does not mean that a person
is capable of driving a bus safely.  It is essential that unit
leaders and volunteers be thoroughly familiar with the bus
they will be driving, including knowing the location of
emergency exits and fire extinguishers and how to operate
them.  A driver must be prepared to handle and brake a full
bus, which weighs significantly more than an empty bus.
Other safety tips are:

1.  Regular and thorough maintenance program

2.  No more passengers than there are seating locations

3.  Luggage and equipment fastened securely to prevent being
    thrown around in case of an accident

4.  Emergency exits clear of people or things

5.  Pretrip inspection of critical systems (signals, fuel,
    tires, windshield wipers, horn, etc.)

The safety rules for automobiles apply to bus travel, with the
exception of seat belts.  In special cases, chartered buses
may travel more than nine hours a day.  On certain occasions,
night travel by public carrier bus is appropriate -- it should
be considered permissible when conditions are such that rest
and sleep for passengers are possible with a reasonable degree
of comfort.  However, night travel on buses should not be
planned for two successive nights.

Trains

Observe these safety guidelines for train travel:

1.  Don't lean out of windows or doors.

2.  When changing trains, don't cross railroad tracks
    without permission.

3.  Stay out of vestibules.  Keep the railroad car door
    closed.

4.  In case of illness or accident, see a train official
    who can arrange for medical help

5.  On overnight trips, one leader should be on watch duty
    at all times.

Boats

In national parks and some other areas of the country,
special boat and canoe regulations are in force, and special
boat permits are required for cruising or recreation.

Follow these safety precautions:

1.  U.S. Coast Guard recommends and BSA regulations require     |
    that an approved USCG personal flotation device (PFD) be    |
    worn by each participant using watercraft in an aquatics    |
    activity.  Types II and III are recommended for Scout       |
    activity afloat.                                            |

    A capsized boat is never anticipated, so always be
    prepared.  Be sure each individual wears a PFD.

2.  Rowboats or canoes carrying passengers should not be        |
    towed behind motorboats or sailboats.                       |

3.  Use of canoes should be restricted to swimmers who have     |
    satisfactorily demonstrated their ability in launching,     |
    landing, and paddling a canoe and in handling a swamped     |
    canoe.  Canoeists should be taught the proper procedure     |
    for  staying afloat if the canoe capsizes or is swamped.    |

4.  Small boats, whether under sail or power, used for          |
    pleasure or ferry purposes, must have a minimum capacity    |
    of 10 cubic feet per person.                                |

    Boats propelled by hand power--such as rowboats--and used   |
    for pleasure purposes only must provide a minimum of 7      |
    cubic feet per person.  (Lifeboats on passenger-carrying    |
    vessels propelled by power must comply with the 10-cubic-   |
    foot law.)                                                  |

5.  Provision also should be made by all boats under sail       |
    or power for a sufficient quantity or supply of oars and    |
    rowlocks or paddles to be used in case of emergency.        |
    Fire-fighting equipment and lights must also be carried     |
    aboard.                                                     |

6.  Bilges of gasoline-powered boats should be kept free from   |
    gasoline and oil at all times.  Thorough ventilation,       |
    either natural or by blower, is necessary to dispel         |
    gasoline vapor.                                             |

7.  Motorized personal watercraft, such as jet-skis, are not    |
    authorized for use in Scouting activities, and their use    |
    should not be permitted in or near BSA program areas.       |

8.  To prevent ignition by static electricity during            |
    refueling, establish complete metallic contact between      |
    the nozzle of the filling hose and the tank opening or      |
    filling pipe, and maintain contact until gasoline has       |
    ceased to flow.  If a funnel is used, establish contact     |
    with the funnel and the opening in the tank.  All           |
    passengers should be ashore during refueling.               |

For regulations that govern cruises by private powerboat or
sailboat refer to Motorboat Regulations, published by the US
Coast Guard.

Aircraft

Air travel is permitted as follows:

1.  On any flight scheduled by a commercial airline.            |

2.  On orientation flights aboard military aircraft. Written    |
    parental approval must be presented to the local council    |
    for youth who will engage in these orientation flights.     |

3.   Members traveling in chartered commercial aircraft or      |
     private aircraft during an activity identified as a        |
     "Scouting activity" must obtain prior written approval on  |
     form No. 10-118, Flying Permit Application, two weeks in   |
     advance of the activity.                                   |

4.  Hang gliding, microlite and ultralight flying,              |
    experimental aircraft flying, parachuting, hot-air          |
    ballooning, and flight training (power aircraft inflight)   |
    are unauthorized activities.                                |

5.  Airplane travelers are cautioned about what they pack in    |
    their luggage.  In flight, variations in temperature and    |
    air pressure can cause some hazardous materials to leak     |
    or ignite.  Included in the category of hazardous           |
    materials that should not be packed in luggage are matches  |
    or lighters; flammable liquids and gases; signal flares     |
    and other explosives; bleaches, aerosols, mercury, and      |
    solvents containing dangerous chemicals that can cause      |
    toxic fumes and corrosion.                                  |

Tour Permits

If a unit plans a trip within 500 miles of the home base,       |
it is important that the unit obtain a local tour permit        |
(see sample in appendix).  A national tour permit is required   |
for trips in excess of 500 miles from home or outside the       |
continental United States.                                      |

Tour permits have become recognized by national parks,
military institutions, and other organizations as proof that
a unit activity has been well planned and organized and is
under capable and qualified leadership.  These organizations
may require the tour permit for entry.

============================================================

XIII.  Winter Activities

There is magic to camping in winter.  It is one of the most
advanced and challenging of outdoor adventures.  Special
considerations for winter camping include the following:

1.  <Leadership>--In no other camp is the type of leadership
    as important as in the winter camp.  It is vital that a
    leader be an experienced camper with a strong character.

2.  <Equipment>--Do not attempt to camp unless completely
    outfitted.  Even if equipment for winter camp is more
    expensive than for summer camp, Scouts must be adequately
    clothed, and leaders should ensure that blankets and
    other equipment are of suitable quality and weight.

3.  <Physical Condition>--A physician's certificate as to
    physical ability must be obtained by each Scout before
    preliminary training begins.

Beyond camping, a number of cold-weather activities present
challenges to the Scout and leader, such as cross-country
skiing, ice skating, sledding, snowmobiling, ice fishing,
and snowshoeing.  Essential ingredients for fun include
skill training and an awareness of the hazards unique to
these activities.  Snow conditions, hazardous terrain,
special clothing needs, and emergency survival are
important issues for a safe and successful experience.

References:   <Okpik Cold Weather Camping>,
              <Boy Scout Handbook>,
              <Scoutmaster Handbook>, and
              <Camping Sparklers>

============================================================

XIV.  Youth Protection and Child Abuse

Because of the great concern the Boy Scouts of America has
for the problem of child abuse in our society, the Youth
Protection program has been developed to help safeguard both
our youth and adult members.  Published and videotaped
materials have been prepared to give professionals and
volunteers information on the resources available for
educating our membership about child abuse--how to avoid it,
how to identify it, and how to deal with it.  These materials
and local council training programs are designed to give
parents and their children basic information that will
increase their awareness and sense of personal power to
assist in their own self-protection.

Unit leaders can learn more from these materials:

o   <Child Abuse: Let's Talk About It>, No 3943;
    Spanish edition, <Abuso de los Ninos>, No. 94-006

o   Youth Protection Basic Training for Adults (Cub Scout
    and Boy Scout No 90-148; Explorers No 34-225)

o   <How to Protect Your Children from Child Abuse and Drug
    Abuse: A Parent s Guide>, No 34-226

o   <A Time to Tell> (video), available from district
    executive or local council service center

o   <It Happened to Me> (video), available from district
    executive or local council service center.

============================================================

Appendix

NOTE:    This Appendix does not currently include the
         following, which are included in the hardcopy
         version:

o   Meeting Place Inspection Checklist for Packs, Troops,
    Teams and Posts, No. 6140A

o   Local Tour Permit Application, No. 34426

o   National Tour Permit Application, No. 34419

Copies of these forms may be obtained from your local service
center.

=================================================================

Motor Vehicle Checklist

Owner's Name: ______________________________________________

Address: ___________________________________________________

City, State, ZIP: __________________________________________

Driver's License No.: ______________ Renewal Date: _________

Telephone:  ( ___ ) - __________________

Insurance Company: _________________________________________

    Amount of liability coverage:  $________________________

Other drivers of same vehicle (this trip only):

    Names: _________________________________________________

    Driver's License Numbers: ______________________________

Make of vehicle: ___________________________________________

    Model year: ____________________________________________

    Color: _________________ Auto license No.: _____________

Basic Safety Check:

1.  Seat belt for every passenger? _____
2.  Tire tread OK? _____________________
         Spare? ________________________
         Jack? _________________________
3.  Brakes OK? _________________________
4.  Windshield wipers operate? _________
         Fluid in reservoir? ___________
5.  Current inspection sticker? ________
6.  Headlights operating? ______________
         Turn signals operating? _______
7.  Rearview mirrors? __________________
8.  Exhaust system OK? _________________

Additional Safety Check:

1.  Flares for emergencies? ____________
2.  Fire extinguisher? _________________
3.  Flashlight? ________________________
4.  Tow chain or rope? _________________
5.  First-aid kit? _____________________

=================================================================

Paul S. Wolf                            aa854@Cleveland.Freenet.Edu

Sysop, The Freenet Scouting Center      President, Great Lakes Region
Greater Cleveland Council, BSA          Federation of Jewish Men's Clubs

