GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL PLAYBOY INTERVIEW

Interviewer Haley writes:
"I called Rockwell at his Arlington, Virginia, headquarters and relayed PLAYBOY's request for an exclusive interview. After assuring himself that I wasn't Jewish, he guardedly agreed. I didn't tell him I was a Negro. Five days later, as my taxi pulled up in front of Rockwell's 'International Headquarters,' a nine-room white frame house in Arlington (since padlocked by the Internal Revenue Service, which is currently investigating the labyrinth of Nazi financial backing), I noticed a billboard-sized sign on the roof reading: WHITE MAN FIGHT -- SMASH THE BLACK REVOLUTION! I couldn't help wondering what kind of welcome I'd receive when they got a look at my non-Aryan complexion. I didn't have long to wait,- the khaki-clad duty guard at the door stiffened as I stepped out of the cab and up the front stairs. When I identified myself, he ushered me uncertainly inside and told me to wait nearby in what he called 'the shrine room,' a small, black walled chamber dimly lit by flickering red candles and adorned with American and Nazi flags, adjoining portraits of Adolf Hitler and George Washington, and a slightly larger, rather idealized painting of Rockwell himself -- a self Portrait. On the table beside my chair sat a crudely bound and printed copy of Rockwell's self-published autobiography, 'This Time the World'; I was leafing through it when a pair of uniformed 'storm troopers' loomed suddenly in the doorway, gave the Nazi salute and in formed me coolly that Commander Rockwell had ordered them to take me in one of the Party staff cars to his new personal headquarters.

"Fifteen minutes later, with me and my tape recorder in the back and with two chaperons in the front, the car turned into a narrow, tree-lined road, slowed down as it passed a NO TRESPASSING sign (stamped with a skull and crossbones) and a leashed Doberman watchdog, and finally pulled up in front of a white, 16-room farmhouse emblazoned at floor -- and second-story levels with four-foot-high red swastikas. About a dozen Nazis stared icily as the guards walked me past them and up the stairs to Rockwell's door, where a side-armed storm trooper frisked me expertly from head to toe. Within arm's reach, I noticed, was a wooden rack holding short combat lengths of sawed off iron pipe. Finding me 'clean,' the guard ceremoniously opened the door, stepped inside, saluted, said, 'Sieg heil!' -- echoed brusquely from within -- then stood aside and nodded permission for me to come ahead. I did.

"As if for dramatic effect, Rockwell was standing across the room, corncob pipe in hand, beneath a portrait of Adolf Hitler. Warned about my Negritude, he registered no surprise nor did he smile, speak or offer to shake hands. Instead, after surveying me up and down for a long moment, he motioned me peremptorily to a seat, then sat down himself in a nearby easy chair and watched silently while I set up my tape machine. Rockwell already had one of his own, I noticed, spinning on a nearby table. Then, with the burly guard standing at attention about halfway between us, he took out a pearl-handled revolver, placed it pointedly on the arm of his chair, sat back and spoke for the first time: 'I'm ready if you are.' Without any further pleasantries, I turned on my machine."



PLAYBOY: Before we begin, Commander, I wonder if you'd mind telling me why you're keeping that pistol there at your elbow, and this armed bodyguard between us.

ROCKWELL: Just a precaution. You may not be aware of the fact that I have received literally thousands of threats against my life. Most of them are from cranks, but some of them haven't been; there are bullet holes all over the out side of this building. Just last week, two gallon jugs of flaming gasoline were flung against the house right under my window. I keep this gun within reach and a guard beside me during interviews because I've been attacked too many times to take any chances. I haven't yet been jumped by an impostor, but it wasn't long ago that 17 guys claiming to be from a university came here to "interview" me; nothing untoward happened, but we later found out they were armed and planned to tear down the flag, burn the joint and beat me up. Only the fact that we were ready for that kind of rough stuff kept it from happening.

We've never yet had to hurt anybody, but only because I think they all know we're ready to fight anytime. If you're who you claim to be, you have nothing to fear.

PLAYBOY: I don't.

ROCKWELL: Good. Just so we both know where we stand, I'd like to make some thing else crystal clear before we begin.

I'm going to be honest and direct with you. You're here in your professional capacity; I'm here in my professional capacity. While here, you'll be treated well -- but I see you're a black interviewer.

It's nothing personal, but I want you to understand that I don't mix with your kind, and we call your race "niggers."

PLAYBOY: I've been called "nigger" many times, Commander, but this is the first time I'm being paid for it. So you go right ahead. What have you got against us "niggers"?

ROCKWELL: I've got nothing against you. I just think you people would be happier back in Africa where you came from. When the pilgrims got pushed around in Europe, they didn't have any sit-ins or crawl-ins; they got out and went to a wilderness and built a great civilization.

PLAYBOY: It was built with the help of Negroes.

ROCKWELL: Help or no, the white people in America simply aren't going to allow you to mix totally with them, whether you like it or not.

PLAYBOY: The purpose of the civil rights movement is equality of rights and opportunity, Commander -- not miscegenation, as you seem to be implying.

ROCKWELL: Equality may be the stated purpose, but race mixing is what it boils down to in practice; and the harder you people push for that, the madder white people are going to get.

PLAYBOY: Do you think you're entitled to speak for white people?

ROCKWELL: Malcolm X said the same thing I'm saying.

PLAYBOY: He certainly was in no position to speak for white people.

ROCKWELL: Well, I think I am speaking for the majority of whites when I say that race mixing just isn't going to work. I think, therefore, that we should take the billions of dollars now being wasted on foreign aid to Communist countries which hate us and give that money to our own niggers to build their own civilized nation in Africa.

PLAYBOY: Apart from the fact that Africa is already spoken for territorially by sovereign nations, all but a few of the 20,000,000 Negroes in this country are native-born Americans who have just as much right to remain here as you do, Commander.

ROCKWELL: That's not my point. When two people prove incompatible in marriage and they can't live together, they separate; and the mass of average niggers simply don't "fit" in modern American society. A leopard doesn't change his spots just because you bring him in from the jungle and try to housebreak him and turn him into a pet. He may learn to sheathe his claws in order to beg a few scraps off the dinner table, and you may teach him to be a beast of burden, but it doesn't pay to forget that he'll al ways be what he was born: a wild animal.

PLAYBOY: We're talking about human beings, not animals.

ROCKWELL: We're talking about niggers and there's no doubt in my mind that they're basically animalistic.

PLAYBOY: In what way?

ROCKWELL: Spiritually. Our white kids are being perverted, like Pavlov's dogs, by conditioned-reflex training. For instance, every time a white kid is getting a piece of ass, the car radio is blaring nigger bebop. Under such powerful stimuli, it's not long before a kid begins unconsciously to connect these savage sounds with intense pleasure and thus transfers his natural pleasurable reactions in sex to an unnatural love of the chaotic and animalistic nigger music, which destroys a love of order and real beauty among our kids. This is how you niggers corrupt our white kids -- without even laying a dirty hand on them. Not that you wouldn't like to.

PLAYBOY: It's sometimes the other way around, Commander.

ROCKWELL: Well, I'll have to admit one great failing of my own people: The white man is getting too soft. The niggers are forced to do hard manual labor, and as a result, most nigger bucks are healthy animals -- rugged and tough, the way nature intended a male to be. When you take a look at how the average, bourgeois white man spends his time, though hunched over a desk, going to the ballet, riding around on his electric lawn mower or squatting on his fur-lined toilet seat you can't help but observe how soft and squishy a lot of white men allow them selves to become; especially some of the skinny, pasty-faced white peace creeps with their long hair, their fairy-looking clothes and the big yellow stripe up their spineless back. What normal woman would want one of these cruds? Unfortunately, some of our white women, especially in the crazy leftist environment on our college campuses, get carried away by Jewish propaganda into betraying their own instincts by choosing a healthy black buck instead of one of these skinny, pansified white peace creeps who swarm on our college campuses.

PLAYBOY: Are you implying that the Negro male is sexually superior to the white man?

ROCKWELL: Certainly not. The average white workingman, the vast majority of white men, are just as tough and ballsy as any nigger who ever lived. It's the white intellectuals who have allowed themselves to be degenerate physically, mentally and especially spiritually, until I am forced to admit that a healthy nigger garbage man is certainly superior physically and sexually to a pasty-faced skinny white peace creep.

PLAYBOY: Do you consider Negroes superior to white men in any other way?

ROCKWELL: On the contrary -- I consider them inferior to the white man in every other way.

PLAYBOY: That's a fairly sweeping generalization. Can you document it?

ROCKWELL: When I speak at colleges, they often ask me the same question. I always answer with a question of my own: How do colleges determine the superior and inferior students? By performance, that's how! Look at history; investigate the different races. The Chinese perform -- they've created a great civilization. All the white races certainly perform. But the nigger race, until very recently, has done absolutely nothing.

PLAYBOY: How recently?

ROCKWELL: The past 20 or 30 years.

PLAYBOY: What about the contribution of those millions of African Negroes and their descendants -- along with that of migrants of every color from all over the world -- who helped found and build this country?

ROCKWELL: I don't dismiss it, but the fact is that any contribution of the niggers has been almost entirely manual and menial. Horses could have done most of it, or well-trained monkeys from the same trees they were flushed out of back in Africa. They've picked up a few more tricks since then -- but only what they've learned from the white man.

PLAYBOY: Recent archaeological findings have documented the existence of advanced black African civilizations centuries before the dawn of comparable cultures in Europe.

ROCKWELL: If they were so far ahead of us then, why are they still shooting blow darts at each other while we're launching rockets to the moon?

PLAYBOY: The American space program isn't a segregated project, Commander. There are many Negroes working for NASA and in the space industry.

ROCKWELL: This only proves my point. A few niggers, like trained chimpanzees, have been pushed and jammed into such things as the space program by our race mixing Presidents and the Federal Government; but niggers didn't originate any of the ideas or develop the fantastic organizations capable of putting men into space. The niggers in NASA are like chimpanzees who have learned to ride bicycles. A few trained monkeys riding bicycles doesn't prove that chimpanzees could invent or build or even think about a bicycle. The fact is that the average nigger is not as intelligent as the average white man.

PLAYBOY: There's no genetic or anthropological evidence to substantiate that.

ROCKWELL: I know you're going to say you can show me thousands of intelligent niggers and stupid white men. I'm well aware that there are exceptions on both sides. All I'm saying is that the average of your people is below the average of my people; and the pure-black ones are even further below us. I have living evidence of this sitting right in front of me.

PLAYBOY: If you mean me, I'm far from pure black -- as you can see.

ROCKWELL: That's just it: You're an intelligent person; I enjoy talking to you. But, you're not pure black like your ancestors in the Congo. Now, this may insult you, but we're not here to throw pansies at each other: There had to be some white people in your background somewhere, or you wouldn't be brown instead of black. Right?

PLAYBOY: Right.

ROCKWELL: Well, I'm saying that your intelligence comes from the blood of my people. Whenever they trot out some smart nigger and say, "See? Look how brilliant niggers are," what they usually show you is a part-white man with some nigger blood in him. This doesn't prove that niggers are great. On the contrary; it proves that white blood can make a part-nigger more intelligent.

PLAYBOY: That's not proof, Commander. Can you offer any authoritative documentation to support your view?

ROCKWELL: A psychologist named G.O. Ferguson made a definitive study of the connection between the amount of white blood and intelligence in niggers. He tested all the nigger school children in Virginia and proved that the pure black niggers did only about 70 percent as well as the white children. Niggers with one white grandparent did about 75 percent as well as the white children. Niggers with two white grandparents did still better, and niggers with three white grandparents did almost as well as the white kids. Since all of these nigger children shared exactly the same environment as niggers, it's impossible to claim that environment produced these tremendous changes in performance.

[Ferguson's study, conducted in 1916, we later learned, has since been discredited by every major authority on genetics and anthropology; they call it a pseudoscientific rationale for racism, based on an inadequate and unrepresentative sampling, predicated on erroneous assumptions, and statistically loaded to prove its point.-Ed.]

PLAYBOY: In his book A Profile of the Negro American, the world-famed sociologist T.F. Pettigrew states flatly that the degree of white ancestry does not relate in any way to Negro I.Q. scores. According to Pettigrew, the brightest Negro yet reported -- with a tested I.Q. of 200 -- had no traceable Caucasian heritage whatever.

ROCKWELL: The fact that you can show me one very black individual who is superior to me doesn't convince me that the average nigger is superior. The startling fact I see is that the lighter they are, the smarter they are, and the blacker they are, the dumber they are.

PLAYBOY: That's an opinion, Commander, not a fact. Can you back it up with any concrete evidence?

ROCKWELL: The evidence of lifelong experience. I've never met a black nigger I mean a real black one, so black he looks purple -- that can talk, and think as, say, you can. When I do, then maybe I'll change my opinion. All the really black niggers, are either what you call Uncle Toms, or they're revolutionists, or they just want to loaf, loot and rape.

PLAYBOY: Most sociologists would agree that the vast majority of Negroes -- dark skinned or otherwise -- don't fit into any of those categories.

ROCKWELL: Like I said, there are always exceptions -- but everybody knows that they prove the rule. Evolution shows that in the long run, if the superior mixes with the inferior, the product is halfway between, and inferior to what you started with in the original superior group -- in other words, mongrelized.

PLAYBOY: The words superior and inferior have no meaning to geneticists, Commander -- and neither does mongrelization. Every authority in the field has attested that the world's racial groups are genetically indistinguishable from one another. All men, in other words including hybrids -- are created equal.

ROCKWELL: You're bringing tears to my eyes. Don't you know that all this equality garbage was started by a Jew anthropologist named Franz Boas from Columbia University? Boas was followed by an other Jew from Columbia named Gene Weltfish. And our present Jew expert preaching equality is another Jew named Ashley Montagu. Any anthropologist who dares to preach the facts known by any farmer in the barnyard that breeds differ in quality are simply not allowed to survive in the universities or in publishing, because he can't earn a living. You never hear from that side.

But Carleton Putnam has written a wonderful book called Race and Reason, showing that there is plenty of scholarly evidence to back up my contention that the nigger race is inherently inferior to the white race intellectually. [Putnam, a former president of Delta Airlines, has no academic credentials in sociology, anthropology or genetics. Explaining its "Not Recommended" classification for his book -- fully titled Race and Reason: A Yankee View -- Book Review Digest writes: "At no time does the author show himself qualified to speak as a scientist. "-Ed.] This equality garbage is straight Soviet, Lysenkian biology direct from the Communist Lysenko, who preached that by changing the environment you could grow one plant from another plant's seeds. This is the doctrine that's destroying our society -- cause it's not true. You can't grow from corn by changing the environment.

PLAYBOY: You can't grow wheat from corn by changing anything. In any case, we're discussing human beings, not foodstuffs.

ROCKWELL: I don't feel like quibbling. What I'm saying is that I believe the Jews have consciously perverted the study of anthropology and biology and but genetics in order to reach this phoney conclusion -- and thus destroy the great white race.

PLAYBOY: What phony conclusion?

ROCKWELL: The totally erroneous notion that heredity has nothing to do with why, for example, the niggers have lower scholastic averages and higher illegitimacy rates than whites.

PLAYBOY: According to geneticists, it doesn't. In any case, how would acceptance of this notion lead to the destruction of the white race?

ROCKWELL: By deluding people into believing that the nigger is only "underprivileged" rather than inherently inferior; into believing, therefore, that he can be cleaned up and smartened up by letting him eat in our restaurants, study in our schools, move into our neighborhoods. The next inevitable step is to take him into our beds -- and this would lead to the mongrelization, and hence the destruction, of the white race.

PLAYBOY: You said that the Jews are behind this plot. Since they're whites themselves, how would they benefit from their own destruction?

ROCKWELL: They won't be mingling like the rest of us. They believe they're too pure to mix; they think they're "the chosen people" -- chosen to rule the world. But the only world they could rule would be a world of inferior beings. And as long as the white man is pure, they cannot succeed. But when the white man permits himself to be mixed with black men, then the Jews can master him.

PLAYBOY: How?

ROCKWELL: They already run the niggers. Except for the Black Muslims, the Jews run practically all the big civil rights organizations.

PLAYBOY: You're misinformed, Commander. The key posts in all but one of the major civil rights groups -- the NAACP -- are held entirely by Negroes.

ROCKWELL: They're just the front men. The Jews operate behind the scenes, pulling the strings and holding the moneybags.

PLAYBOY: The Jews who belong and contribute to these groups serve strictly in an advisory capacity.

ROCKWELL: You're misinformed. As I started to say, Jews want to run the white people just the way they run the niggers. Once they get the white people mixed with the black people, the white people will be just as easy to run as the niggers.

PLAYBOY: Why?

ROCKWELL: Because when you mix superior and inferior, like I told you, the product is inferior -- halfway between the two. The Jews would be able to outwit and outmaneuver and thus manipulate the mongrelized white man just the way he already does the niggers. That's what the whole so-called civil rights movement is all about; and they're just liable to get away with it if the good white Christians of this country don't wake up and get together before it's too late to restore the natural order of things.

PLAYBOY: And what's that?

ROCKWELL: Separation. In nature, all things of a similar being tend to group together. Chimpanzees do not run with baboons; they run with chimpanzees. This is the natural order of people, too. Even in thoroughly integrated colleges, when I visit them, I notice that niggers usually sit and eat at tables with other niggers -- even though they don't have to. And the white people sit with other white people. I think this is the natural tendency, and to attempt to pervert this is to fight nature.

PLAYBOY: You fail to make an important moral and constitutional distinction between choosing to associate with one's own race and being forced to do so. Left to themselves, some people will mingle and some won't; and most Americans think this is just the way it ought to be.

ROCKWELL: That's all very noble sounding; it brings a lump to my throat. But what does it boil down to in practice? Every time your people move into my neighborhood, the white people move out; and often there's violence -- by peaceful, decent white men who never before committed any, but are outraged at the black invasion.

PLAYBOY: That's an exaggeration, Commander. The record shows that fewer and fewer white people are moving out when Negroes move into white neighborhoods; and the fact is that violence very seldom occurs because of Negro "block-busting." In most instances, after an initial period of strain, the newcomers are being quietly accepted.

ROCKWELL: I don't know what neighborhoods you've been hanging around in, but my own experience has been that violence and animosity are the rule rather than the exception. And that goes double when one of my guys moves into a place like Watts. Your people don't just riot; they try to kill him. This is natural. Their instincts are coming out, and they always will. And any effort to override these instincts, or deny they exist, will inevitably be unsuccessful. Nature will prevail.

PLAYBOY: Negro hostility toward Nazis could hardly be offered as proof that integration is unnatural. Nor is anti-Nazi violence confined to Negroes.

ROCKWELL: You're right -- the Jews are even better at it.

PLAYBOY: You've been quoted as saying that the Watts, Harlem and Rochester riots, among others, were actually instigated by Jews. Do you have any evidence to substantiate that charge?

ROCKWELL: I didn't say they started them; I said they engineered them. First of all, they tell the niggers, "You people don't have to obey the laws you don't like" just like Martin Luther Coon preaches. If a cop arrests a nigger, it's "police brutality." And he's told he should fight back. Whenever a policeman tries to do his duty, the Jew-oriented niggers have been told to try and take the prisoner away from this brutal cop. The Jews turn him into a psychological bomb -- so that when a cop comes along and does his duty it's just like touching a match to a fuse. Boom -- up it goes! Like it did in Watts. Like they do in Harlem.

PLAYBOY: In both the Watts and Harlem riots, the bulk of the property damage was suffered by Jewish-owned stores and businesses. Why would the Jews foment violence that's bound to result in the destruction of their own property?

ROCKWELL: It just happens that most of the businessmen making money off the niggers in the ghettos are Jews. The big Jews in charge are willing to sacrifice the little Jews just as a general sacrifices some troops to win a war.

PLAYBOY: But what could any Jews possibly win by engineering riots?

ROCKWELL: They're just natural-born agitators. They just can't help coming in and getting everybody all stirred up and they're always the ones to suffer for it. Every time! But they just can't quit. It's irrational as hell. With all their liberalism and their preaching about equal rights for niggers, they've promoted disorder and chaos that's eventually going to bury them. The liquor dealers are getting it now. Last summer, all those kike store owners in Watts kept screaming, "Oy! Stop! Listen! We're your friends! " -- while the coons beat their brains out. And that's just the beginning, just a sample of things to come. This summer I predict that racial violence even more terrible than Watts will erupt -- all because of these two trouble-making inferior races.

PLAYBOY: In judging Negroes "inferior" to whites, you said a while ago that you made this appraisal on the basis of "performance." Do you find Jews inferior for the same reason?

ROCKWELL: I've never accused the Jews of being incapable of performing. As a matter of fact, I think there's a good chance they're superior to everybody else in terms of actual mental capabilities. I think the average Jew is probably sharper intellectually than the average gentile, because for years and years he's had to live by his wits. Consequently, there has evolved a race of Jews who are more agile mentally than the rest of us.

PLAYBOY: In what way do you consider Jews inferior, then?

ROCKWELL: Spiritually. I believe that a human being, in order to be a successful person, in addition to performing -- inventing a rocket or something -- has got to have something he believes in, some thing more than his own survival, some thing that's a little bigger than himself. The Jews don't. They've even got a rabbi now who admits he's an atheist Rabbi Sherwin Wine of Birmingham, Michigan.

PLAYBOY: Perhaps you didn't know that the current Church movement toward disbelief in God originated among the Protestant clergy. In any case, Rabbi Wine's convictions are a minority voice and could not in any way be said to represent those of the Jewish faith in general. Most Jews continue to believe in God, as set down in the Torah.

ROCKWELL: Jews talk a lot about God. But actually their god, just like Marx said, is money. Cash! This is where the Jews fail -- in their lack of idealism. Most of them are strictly materialists at heart. Wherever the Jews have gone, they've moved into a friendly, unsuspecting country and promptly started to glut on its people and resources. They think they're engaging in business, but actually what they're doing is eating the country up alive. And when people begin to resent their viciousness and greed, and either kick the Jews out or kill them, they always scream "Persecution!" That's not persecution. It's self-defense.

PLAYBOY: Are you implying that Hitler was justified in exterminating 6,000,000 European Jews?

ROCKWELL: I don't believe for one minute that any 6,000,000 Jews were exterminated by Hitler. It never happened. You want me to prove it to you?

PLAYBOY: Go ahead.

ROCKWELL: We have the figures for the number of Jews in the world in 1939, before World War Two: 15,688,259; and the figures for the number living after World War Two: 18,000,000. Now, if you take the number of Jews for after World War Two -- and add the 6,000,000 you say were gassed, you get a total of 24,000,000 -- which means that there would have to have been a 50-percent increase in the Jewish population during a period of about five years. Even people as good at sex as the Jews couldn't possibly reproduce that fast. So you see, the Jews' own figures convict them as liars!

PLAYBOY: What's your source for these statistics?

ROCKWELL: The pre-War figures came from the 1947 World Almanac, page 219; and the post-War figures from The New York Times, February 22, 1948, in an article by Hanson Baldwin.

[Subsequent investigation revealed that the World Almanac figure of 15,688,259 is correct as claimed. The post-War figures cited by Hanson Baldwin in The New York Times were in the following context: "In these countries (Palestine and Egypt), the Jews are tied by bonds of religion to the rest of the 15 to 18 million Jews of the world." According to every official source, however, Baldwin's estimates are in error. The figures compiled by the Population Reference Bureau in Washington, D. C., show that the world's Jewish population declined from 16,600,000 to 11,400,000 between 1939 and 1945 -- while European Jewry decreased 6,000,000 during that same period, from 9,700,000 to 3,700,000. -Ed.]

PLAYBOY: Population figures aside, do you deny the validity of documentary photographic evidence showing the gas chambers themselves, and the thousands of bodies piled up in concentration camp trenches?

ROCKWELL: I emphatically deny that there is any valid proof that innocent Jews were systematically murdered by the Nazis. The photographs you've seen that have been passed off as pictures of dead Jews have been identified as pictures of the corpses of German civilians -- mostly women and children and refugees who were killed in the one-night Allied bombing of Dresden, which slaughtered 350,000 innocent people.

PLAYBOY: By whom have these pictures been so identified?

ROCKWELL: By Matt Koehl, my research chief, who says that you can recognize the buildings in the background of these so-called Nazi atrocity photographs as buildings in Dresden.

PLAYBOY: We don't accept the findings of your research chief as authoritative.

ROCKWELL: I have conclusive evidence to prove that some of these "documentary" photographs are frauds, pure and simple. In a magazine published by the Jews and sold all over America, they show a bottle supposedly containing soap made by the Germans out of the poor, dead, gassed Jews.

PLAYBOY: What evidence do you have for claiming that it's fraudulent?

ROCKWELL: Common sense. That soap could have been made out of anything; it could have been melted down from a dozen bars of Lifebuoy. But here's my ultimate proof of just how utterly ridiculous all the anti-Nazi literature you've read really is: an article in Sir magazine, March 1958, on how the Nazis gassed and burned and murdered everybody. It's by "a former corporal of the SS" as told to an American Army master sergeant who signs himself "Lew Cor." Well, "Lew Cor" is simply Rockwell spelled backward. I wrote it myself -- as a test. I wrote the vilest lies I could think of! And here they all are in print in this magazine. Look at the photographs! These are supposed to be actual shots of Nazi victims mentioned in the article -- victims that I invented!

PLAYBOY: Your own willingness to lie about Nazi atrocities doesn't prove that the Jews have done the same thing, Commander. Do you also dismiss the testimony of hundreds of prison camp survivors who have given eyewitness testimony about Nazi atrocities?

ROCKWELL: I have an affidavit from a Jewish doctor, a prisoner at Auschwitz, who says there were no gas chambers.

PLAYBOY: Do you have that affidavit?

ROCKWELL: I'll send you a photostat. [It has not arrived.-Ed.] I believe the gas chambers in these concentration camps were built after the War -- by Jewish Army officers. We know this for sure: It was mostly Jewish Army officers who went in there to liberate these camps. And it was mostly Jewish Army CIC officers who were in charge of the Nuremberg trials. It was they who tortured innocent Nazis using any kind of vile method they could to cook up phony evidence.

PLAYBOY: Can you prove these charges?

ROCKWELL: I know of several cases where American personnel resigned in disgust at the methods used.

PLAYBOY: That doesn't prove that torture was used to extract false testimony. In any case, you still haven't said whether you dismiss eyewitness testimony of Nazi atrocities.

ROCKWELL: Certainly I do. I've lost count of the times I've been in court, after being assaulted and beaten by gangs of Jews, and seen these same Jews get up on the witness stand, with tears pouring down their faces, and tell how I attacked them! The Jews are the world's master liars! They are geniuses at it. Why, when a kike is up on a witness stand, he doesn't even need onions to start the tears pouring.

PLAYBOY: It's said that you keep a model gas chamber here at your headquarters. Is that true?

ROCKWELL: No, but we have an electric chair at Sing Sing that's already done a great deed for America in frying the Rosenbergs; and there are hundreds of thousands more Rosenbergs running around America who need frying -- or gassing.

PLAYBOY: By "more Rosenbergs," do you mean more Jews or more Communist spies?

ROCKWELL: More Communist Jews. They're practically the same thing.

PLAYBOY: Are you saying that many Jews are Communists, or that many Communists are Jewish?

ROCKWELL: I use the term "Communist Jews" in exactly the same sense that I would say "Italian gangsters." Most Italians are not gangsters, but everybody knows that the Mafia is mostly Italians. Well, my experience is that communism is as Jewish as the Mafia is Italian. It's a fact that almost all of the convicted spies for communism have been atheist Jews like the Rosenbergs. And international communism was invented by the Jew Karl Marx and has since been led mostly by Jews -- like Trotsky.

PLAYBOY: Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Kosygin and Mao Tse-tung, among many others, certainly aren't Jews.

ROCKWELL: The Jews operate nowadays mostly as spies and agitators for the Reds. Mind you, I'm not saying that there aren't vast numbers of Jews who despise communism.

PLAYBOY: Yet you say there are hundreds of thousands of Jewish Communists in America?

ROCKWELL: Perhaps more.

PLAYBOY: What evidence do you have to back up that figure?

ROCKWELL: Plain statistics. Fourteen of the 16 Americans convicted in U.S. courts of treason as Communist spies have been racial Jews and one of them was a nigger. Of the 21 Communist leaders convicted in judge Medina's court, 19 were racial Jews. Of the so-called "second-string Politburo" Communist leaders rounded up, more than 90 per cent were racial Jews.

PLAYBOY: The total number of convicted spies who you say are Jewish comes to 33. That's far from hundreds of thousands.

ROCKWELL: There's also evidence in black and white. Even in their own publications, the Jews do not hide from the Jewishness of communism. It's there for anybody to see. For instance, the largest circulation Communist newspaper in America is not The Worker, but a paper published in Yiddish called The Morning Freiheit. Any American can get a copy of this Jewish Communist newspaper and read, in the English portions, the open Communist treason they're preaching.

PLAYBOY: The views of The Morning Freiheit certainly can't be said to reflect those of most American Jews, Commander. Can you give a specific example of a pro-Marxist statement by any recognized spokesman for American Jewry?

ROCKWELL: Just one? That's easy. Let's take a statement made by Rabbi Stephen Wise; he's one of the leading spokesmen for American Jewry.

PLAYBOY: He died in 1949.

ROCKWELL: Well, before he died, he wrote, "Some call it communism; I call it Judaism." That's a direct quote. I'd say that's putting it pretty unequivocally, wouldn't you?

PLAYBOY: Can you produce proof of that statement?

ROCKWELL: Certainly. I'lL send it to you.

[The proof has not arrived, nor was Commander Rockwell able to tell us the name of the publication in which the alleged statement appeared. An official at Manhattan's Hebrew Union College, where Rabbi Wise's entire works are kept in archive, later said that no such statement appears anywhere in the late rabbi's writings. Rabbi Edward Kline, Wise's successor at New York's Free Synagogue, told us further that no such quote appears in any of Wise's speeches; nor could he, as a lifelong foe of communism, said Kline, have been capable of making such a remark. Confronted with this evidence, Rockwell later retracted the allegation.-Ed]

PLAYBOY: Do you have any tangible evidence to substantiate your charges?

ROCKWELL: Would you accept evidence based on a statistical sampling?

PLAYBOY: Let's hear it.

ROCKWELL: Out of the number of Jews that I have known personally, a tremendous proportion -- at least 50 percent, maybe as high as 85 or 90 percent -- have been pro-Red; either card-carrying Communists or accessories before or after the fact, either openly and knowingly aiding and abetting communism and promoting the Communist overthrow of this Government, or assisting the Communist enemies who are killing Americans, or consciously suppressing legal evidence which would tend to convict such traitors.

PLAYBOY: Your own conjectures about the political sympathies of Jews you've known personally, Commander, could hardly be accepted as evidence to support your allegations about them, let alone the "hundreds of thousands" you say are pro-Red. In any case, you say they "need frying-or gassing." On what grounds?

ROCKWELL: Treason. Everybody -- not just Jews -- with suspicious records of pro communism, or treasonable Zionism, or any subversive attack on this country or its people, should be investigated and arrested and the evidence placed before a grand jury. If they're indicted, they should be tried for treason, and if they're convicted, they should be killed.

PLAYBOY: How?

ROCKWELL: Well, there are going to be hundreds of thousands of Jewish traitors to execute, don't forget. I don't see how you can strap that many people in electric chairs and get the job done before they all die of old age; so it seems to me that mass gas chambers are going to be the only solution for the Communist traitor problem in America.

PLAYBOY: Your suggestion of gas chambers as a "solution for the Communist traitor problem" is reminiscent of the "final solution for the Jewish problem" instituted by the Nazis in Germany. Are you planning to lead another anti-Semitic crusade along the lines laid down by Hitler?

ROCKWELL: The crusade I plan to lead will be much broader in scope than that. In Germany, Hitler produced a local "lab experiment"; he provided me with an ideology in the same way that Marx provided one for Lenin. My task is to turn this ideology into a world movement. And I'll never be able to accomplish that by preaching pure Aryanism as Hitler did -- by glorifying the Nordic Germanic people as a "master race." There is an easily identifiable master race, however: the white race. You can find it all over the world. This is what I'm fighting for -- not Aryanism, but white Christian solidarity. In the long run, I intend to win over the people of Greece, of Germany, of Italy, of England, of Canada, of France, of Spain, of Latin America, of Rhodesia, of South Africa the people of every white Christian country in the world. All the white Christian countries of the earth I would try to mold into one racial, religious, political and military entity. I want them eventually to have hegemony.

PLAYBOY: Over the nonwhite, non-Christian nations?

ROCKWELL: Over the Afro-Asian bloc, which is to me the ultimate danger the earth faces. Worse than the bomb! These people have something both communism and democracy have lost. They're fanatics! They're full of this wild-eyed belief and vitality that the white man has gradually been losing. If they ever unite, there will be almost a billion of them against the white man -- a ratio of seven to one. They're breeding so fast that the odds could easily be ten or fifteen to one before too long. When these billions of primitive colored people are able to control an atom or an H-bomb, as Red China may soon be able to do, we could wipe out a hundred million of them, and there would still be plenty more who kept coming. The white race couldn't take that kind of a blood letting for long. We'd be wiped out! The huge masses of semi-animal colored people would simply sweep over us, and there'd be nothing we could do about it. It would be the ultimate victory of quantity over quality -- unless the white people unite first. We're in real trouble if they get together first. But make no mistake: There's going to be a battle of Armageddon, and it's going to be not between communism and democracy, but between the colored millions of the world and the small but elite corps of white men; ideological, economic and philosophical issues will play little or no part in it. When the time comes -- and it's later than we think -- I plan to be ready not only to defend myself, but to lead the millions of whites all over the world who today are foolishly pretending they don't know what's going on.

PLAYBOY: Estimates of your nationwide membership range from 25 to 100. Do you propose to lead the white Christian nations with this handful of followers?

ROCKWELL: In the first place, we're a world movement, just as communism is a world movement rather than a local or national organization. We've launched world union of National Socialists, of which I am the international commander. In the second place, you've got those figures wrong. In this country alone, we've got about 500 storm troopers -- that's men ready for street action -- plus about 1500 Party members. Also about 15,000 correspondents -- people sympathetic to our cause who write in and donate. And our membership abroad numbers in the thousands.

PLAYBOY: Where abroad?

ROCKWELL: Let me name you countries. Argentina: Horst Eichmann, Adolf Eichmann's son, is our leader there; he's either in jail or disappeared, but our movement is growing there. In Australia, our movement is temporarily busted up, but my leader -- an American -- is running around undercover, trying to get his group back together again. In Spain, we've got a pretty good undercover movement, but Franco doesn't appreciate it, so we have to stay under cover. In England, Colin Jordan is operating wide open -- and doing very well. In France, we've got a damned good group; they were all arrested just a while back. In Belgium, I've got an ex-SS paratrooper in charge, and he's doing very well. In Sweden, we've got a tremendous group; they were all just arrested. In Austria -- our guy is in jail, so things are pretty well broken up there. In Canada, John Beattie is leading a tremendous and successful movement. Our leader in Chile is in jail, In Germany, we've gone undercover; our leader is going to jail shortly. In Holland, we're doing fine. In Ireland, they're coming along fast. In Italy, we've got a real tremendous movement. In Japan, one of our guys stabbed the Socialist deputy. Remember? New Zealand is coming along fine. But Norway isn't doing too good. We've a fine group in South Africa now, though, and we've got a group in Rhodesia now, too. So you see, we've got groups all over the world. They're still little. But after all, it's only been 20 years since Hitler died. Twenty years after Christ was crucified, there were almost no Christians. Right now, the followers of the swastika are in the catacombs, like the original followers of the cross were then. I can't say we're a Christian movement in the ordinary sense; in fact, I personally am an agnostic. But I deeply believe that there is a power greater than ours that's helping us in our fight to keep the world natural and racially pure -- as opposed to perverted and mongrelized. We've got an ideology, a dedication, a belief, a vitality to match the zealotry of the fanatical Asian-African bloc. That's why we're going to grow; that's why-eventually we're going to prevail.

PLAYBOY: Can you tell us just how you plan to go about fulfilling this destiny with or without divine intervention?

ROCKWELL: I have a four-phase plan. The first phase is to reach the masses; you can do nothing until you've reached the masses. In order to reach them without money, without status, without a public platform -- you have to be come a dramatic figure. Now in order to achieve that, I've had to take a lot of garbage: being called a nut and a monster and everything else. But by hanging up the swastika, I reach the masses. The second phase is to disabuse them of the false picture they have gotten of me, to educate them about what my real program is. The third phase will be to organize the people I've educated into a political entity. And the fourth phase will be to use that political entity as a machine to win political power.

That's the plan. They all overlap, of course. Right now we're about 50 percent involved in phase two; we're actually beginning to educate people -- in interviews like this one, in speaking engagements at colleges and the like. The other 50 percent is still phase one -- just raising hell to keep people aware that there's such a thing as the American Nazi Party, not caring what they call us, as long as they call us something.

PLAYBOY: What kind of hell-raising?

ROCKWELL: Well, I haven't done it yet but one of my ambitions is to rent me a plane and skywrite a big smoke swastika and fly over New York City -- on Hitler's birthday. That sort of thing. Or I might get one plane to do the Star of David, and I'll come in another plane and squat and do brown smoke all over it - on Ben Gurion's birthday. I've checked Federal regulations, and they couldn't do a thing about it. All I need is the money to do it. But that's in the future. One of the biggest things we've already done to propagandize ourselves is our "Coon-ard Lines Boat Tickets to Africa." It's our most popular mail-order item; white high school students order them by the thousands. Would you like me to read you what a ticket entitles one nigger to?

PLAYBOY: Go ahead.

ROCKWELL: Six things. One: a free trip to Africa on a Cadillac-shaped luxury liner, Two: choice cuts of all the bananas and missionaries desired en route, and a free jar of meat tenderizer. NAACP members may sit up front and twist to Martin Luther Coon's jazz band. Three: a barrel of hair-grease axle grease delicately scented with nigger sweat. Four: a framed picture of Eleanor Roosevelt and Harry Golden. Five: an unguarded chicken coop and watermelon patch on deck, plus fish and chips for breakfast. And six: plenty of wine, marijuana, heroin and other refreshments. And six: On the reverse side, we offer white liberal peace creeps a year's supply of "Instant Nigger." It's described as "Easy-mixing powder! just sprinkle this dingy black dust on any sidewalk, just make water on it, and presto! Hundreds of niggers spring up -- little niggers, big niggers, fat niggers, skinny niggers, light niggers, midnight-black niggers, red niggers, even Jew niggers." It reads here, "Why wait? With this Instant Nigger Powder, any nigger-loving beatnik peace creep can have all the niggers he can stand!" Want one? Compliments of the house.

PLAYBOY: Is mail-order hate literature your main source of income?

ROCKWELL: That, plus initiation fees from new members; plus small donations from those who believe in what we're trying to do; plus the proceeds from special events like one of our "hate-nannies."

PLAYBOY: What are they?

ROCKWELL: Big musical jamborees. We hold them on patriotic holidays.

PLAYBOY: Would you give an example of a hate-nanny lyric?

ROCKWELL: Sure. Remember, you asked for it: "Ring that bell, shout for joy ... white man's day is here ... Gather all those equals up ... Herd them on the pier ... America for whites ... Africa for blacks ... Send those apes back to the trees ... Ship those niggers back ... Twenty million ugly coons are ready on their pier ... America for whites ... Africa for blacks ... Ring that bell, shout for joy ... The white man's day is here ... Hand that chimp his ugly stick ... Hand that buck his spear ..." That's just the first part of that song. Do you want to hear more of it?

PLAYBOY: No, we get the general idea.

ROCKWELL: Well, I believe a man ought to hoist up his flag and tell you what he is. And that's just what we do here.

PLAYBOY: Are there any anti-Jewish ballads in your hate-nanny song bag?

ROCKWELL: Oh, yes! One of our favorites is The Jews Are Through in '72. It goes to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres. Want to hear it?

PLAYBOY: We'll listen.

ROCKWELL: "The Jews are through in '72, parlez-vous ... The Jews are through in '72, parlez-vous ... We'll feed them bacon till they yell ... And send them all to kosher hell ... Hinky dinky, parlez-vous ..." The chorus repeats, and then comes the next verse: "We'll steal the rabbi's knife and sheath ... And make him do it with his teeth ... Hinky dinky, parlez-vous." The rest of it I don't remember.

PLAYBOY: The song says the Jews will be "through in '72." Is that date significant in some way?

ROCKWELL: 1972 is the year I'm going to be elected President on the National Socialist ticket. Five years of the Johnson Administration will leave the country so torn with racial tensions that some Republican will be a cinch to win in 1968. Then, in 1969, a great economic catastrophe is going to hit this country.

PLAYBOY: The nation's economy has never been healthier than it is today, and most economists predict that the end of the boom is not in sight.

ROCKWELL: Nevertheless, there will be an economic catastrophe, though of what nature I'm not sure. It could be an inflation. I say so because all this build-up is based on sand. America's so-called prosperity is based on debt, war and inflationary money which has no backing and is bound to collapse. Along about 1969, it's all going to come tumbling down like a house of cards, and the President is going to be blamed for it. In the ensuing economic chaos, plus all the racial warfare, the people will welcome a man who stands unequivocally for the white Christian majority.

PLAYBOY: What makes you think so?

ROCKWELL: As I travel, I find that people everywhere, from the smallest towns to the biggest cities, are looking for what I offer. Most of them won't agree with me openly, but if you take them aside, ask them privately, they'd probably tell you "Rockwell has the right idea: white Christian people should dominate." By 1972, with the economy coming apart at the seams, with the niggers pushing, with the Communists agitating, with all of this spiritual emptiness, with all this cowardice and betrayal by our Government, the masses of common, ordinary white people will have had it up to here. They'll want a real leader in the white House -- no more spineless jellyfish, no more oily, two faced demagogues, no more queers in the white House like Walter Jenkins and his friends. They'll be looking for a white leader with the guts of a Malcolm X, with the guts to stand up and say, "I'm going to completely separate the black and white races and preserve white Christian domination in this country, and I'm going to have the Jew Communists and any other traitors gassed for treason. And if you don't like it, you know what you can do about it."

PLAYBOY: Do you seriously think you can be elected on that platform?

ROCKWELL: I know so. Things are going to be so desperate by then that it won't matter whether I've got two horns and a tail; I'll be swept into office.

PLAYBOY: If you are elected, who from among contemporary public figures would you appoint to your Cabinet?

ROCKWELL: If he were still alive, I'd have General Douglas MacArthur as Secretary of State. For Secretary of Defense, Retired General of the Marine Corps "Chesty" Puller. For Attorney General, J. Edgar Hoover. For Secretary of the Interior, Governor George Wallace of Alabama. Let me think, now, others: Senators William Jenner and Harry Byrd, Charles Lindbergh -- and William Buckley; he won't appreciate that, but I think his brilliance could certainly be valuable.

You'll have to agree that this is a Cabinet to give nightmares to any Jew alive.

They'd start swimming for Israel even before I was sworn in. But I don't think there's a man in that Cabinet who is known as anti-Semitic.

PLAYBOY: How about anti-Negro?

ROCKWELL: Well, I'd prefer to call them pro-white.

PLAYBOY: If you had carte-blanche power to do so as the Chief Executive, would you create a dictatorship along the lines of Hitler's?

ROCKWELL: No, I'd reinstitute the American Constitutional Republic the way it was set up by our authoritarian forefathers -- who were, in essence, nothing more than National Socialists just like me.

PLAYBOY: In no way did the Founding Fathers attempt to abridge the democratic right to "liberty and justice for all." How can you call them Nazis?

ROCKWELL: In the first place, I don't believe in democracy. In the second place, neither did our white forefathers. I believe, as they did, in a republican authoritarian republic with a limited electorate -- just like the one the writers of our Constitution meant this country to be. When these white Christian patriots sat down to write the Declaration of Independence, there were no black citizens for them to worry about. In those days, all the niggers were slaves; but to day, thanks to several misguided amendments, our Constitution provides even the blackest of savages with the same rights as his former white masters.

PLAYBOY: Then you advocate the disenfranchisement of Negroes?

ROCKWELL: And the revocation of their citizenship.

PLAYBOY: And the restoration of slavery?

ROCKWELL: No, we have machines to do their work now. I would simply revoke their citizenship and then offer them the alternatives of either returning to Africa with our generous help and assistance in establishing a modern industrial nation, or being relocated on reservations like the Indians were when they became a problem to the survival of the white people.

This will apply to you, too, by the way.

Nothing personal, you understand; I like you, personally; but I can't make any exceptions.

PLAYBOY: Of course not. What would you do with America's 6,000,000 Jews?

ROCKWELL: I think the Jews can be dealt with individually rather than as a group -- like the niggers must be because of their race. As I said earlier, I think all Jews -- in fact, all those connected in any way with treason, whether Jews or not should be investigated and their cases put before grand juries; if they're indicted, they should then be tried, and if convicted, they should be killed.

PLAYBOY: Having disposed of Jews and Negroes, would that complete your list of those slotted for removal?

ROCKWELL: Not quite. I'd also purge the queers. I despise them worst of all. They're one of the ugliest problems of our society, and they must be removed -- I don't know if with gas, or what, just so they don't poison society. If they insist on being queers, put them on some island, maybe -- but certainly not around the rest of society. They're the ultimate symbol of a decaying civilization.

PLAYBOY: Since you're concerned about the problem, Commander, would you like to reply to a frequent charge by psychiatrists that the womanless atmosphere of military asceticism and institutionalized hostility that characterize your "hate monastery," as you've called your headquarters here, make it an ideal sanctuary for those with repressed homo sexual tendencies?

ROCKWELL: My reply is that this is the standard Jewish charge. The biggest charger that we are a bunch of homosexuals is Walter Winchell, whose real name is Isadore Israel Lipshitz, or some thing like that. [Winchell's real name is Walter Winchel.-Ed.] He's always calling me "George Lincoln Ratwell, Queen of the Nazis," saying I'm a fairy, and so forth. Universally, I have found that the Jews themselves, as Hitler said, are the greatest people in the world for accusing others of their own crimes.

PLAYBOY: You haven't answered the charge that your Party is a haven for homosexuals.

ROCKWELL: Well, I do think there is a tendency for queers to come here, because to a queer, this place is as tempting as a girls' school would be to me. Whenever I catch any of them in here, I throw them out; and I have caught quite a few of them in here. We had one case where we had reason to believe that the police would catch two guys in the act. The two of them left here hand in hand. I tried to get them prosecuted. We won't tolerate that sort of thing.

PLAYBOY: How about heterosexual relations? Are they verboten, too?

ROCKWELL: Absolutely not. Any man who didn't vigorously enjoy normal sex could never be a National Socialist. One of the best American Nazis I've ever known used to use a vulgar expression, "Those who won't fuck won't fight." I wouldn't put it so crudely myself, but I heartily subscribe to that doctrine. I never knew a good fighting man who didn't enjoy a lusty sex life.

PLAYBOY: Are any of your men married?

ROCKWELL: A few, but most are either single or divorced, like myself. I believe very strongly in the importance of basic morals to protect civilization, but it's almost impossible for a guy in this kind of work to have a normal marriage and family; so most of us have no choice but to make other arrangements. And I might add, to paraphrase a French bon mot, vive les arrangements. But I must admit that it's damn difficult -- especially for me -- to have any sort of normal contacts with women, since I'm so often approached in this regard for political blackmail.

PLAYBOY: Is it true that you require your Party members to swear an oath against drinking, smoking and cursing?

ROCKWELL: All my officers take an oath against drinking, including myself. Most have also taken an oath against smoking. I, myself, would not smoke except that the corncob pipe I've smoked for so long has become sort of a trademark. As for cursing, it's hard to stop cursing in the rough situations in which we live, just like in the Armed Services; but I do all I can to discourage it.

PLAYBOY: You've used swearwords in this interview. Is this setting a good example for your men?

ROCKWELL: Well, I exempt myself from that oath for professional appearances such as this. In talking to you, I've used words like "nigger" and "kike" because this is a big interview in a national magazine, and I want to attract attention -- to shock people into listening to what I have to say. If I were discussing, say, the favorite word of niggers -- "mother-fucker" -- I'd say it strictly as a factual observation and to make a point. But in private conversation, neither I nor any of my members ever use that word -- or any other foul language.

PLAYBOY: Do you also forbid the use of drugs?

ROCKWELL: Certainly. I've had a few guys in here who I think were marijuana smokers, but I've thrown them out and turned them in. Addiction to any drug is degenerative mentally as well as physically, and we're dead serious about our dedication to the heal -thy-body healthy mind philosophy.

PLAYBOY: Is karate or judo instruction part of your training program?

ROCKWELL: Not so much of that. I've found that unless you're a real expert at karate or judo, it doesn't help you much. Unless you use it instinctively, it's no use at all. So we concentrate on physical education, boxing and weapons training.

PLAYBOY: What sort of weapons?

ROCKWELL: Rifles and pistols.

PLAYBOY: For what purpose?

ROCKWELL: Self-defense. I believe the white people of America should learn methods of surviving in the event of racial anarchy and general bedlam in this country, which I think is likely.

PLAYBOY: Do you share the belief of the Minutemen in the importance of being prepared for an armed Communist invasion of the U.S. mainland?

ROCKWELL: The Minutemen are kidding themselves. If there is a total Communist take-over, they haven't got a prayer in the world of surviving it, let alone stopping it -- running around in the weeds with a few guns like little boys playing cops and robbers. All they're doing is giving themselves an emotional catharsis. They're wasting millions of dollars, and in the process they're getting a lot of good kids sent to jail for illegal possession of weapons. I think it's like the Klan. Their aim, insofar as being ready is concerned, I'm for. I'm for the Klan's principles, ideas and so forth -- except the anti Catholicism -- but from my point of view, their methods stink!

PLAYBOY: What methods?

ROCKWELL: Their partial terrorism. I feel that terrorism is a valid weapon in guerrilla warfare, or any kind of warfare; and under the circumstances in which our country finds itself, I would favor terrorism if it could be complete -- if it would work. A hundred years ago, I'd have been a Klansman with a rope and a gun and the whole business. I'd have really gone all out during the Reconstruction to save the white South. And make no mistake about the terrorism: It did the job. But today, it plays directly into the hands of Martin Luther Coon; it manufactures martyrs for the Northern press, for the liberals, and it doesn't scare the niggers out of hell-raising anymore.

PLAYBOY: But apart from your belief that racial violence against Negroes has become self-defeating, you have no moral objection to it?

ROCKWELL: None at all. What I object to is wars among white men. This is what we've been doing for centuries -- fighting among ourselves and wiping each other out. The North versus the South is a perfect example: the biggest bloodletting we've had, the cream of the white population wiped out, all because of the niggers. It solved nothing; it really changed nothing -- except that a lot of good white kids got killed. I'm agin that! If we have any more wars, I want to fight the Red Chinese or the Jews, or go over to Africa and fight the niggers.

This I can see some point to. As far as violence on an individual basis is concerned, well, when I come to power I plan to have dueling for officers in the Armed Forces. I'll have two purposes in that: first, to maintain a corps of officers unafraid to face death -- not just in case of war; and second, to restore the concept of personal honor. I don't think going to court and suing somebody is really a deterrent to libelous, vicious talk. But people don't flap their mouths quite so freely when they're liable to have to back it up with a gun. Right now dueling isn't legal, but the moment it is, I would be eager to face Billy James Hargis and Robert "Rabbit" Welch on a field of honor for going around calling me a Communist.

PLAYBOY: Have you considered the possibility that you might be killed in such a confrontation?

ROCKWELL: I've not only considered it; I expect it. And I'm ready for it. Being prepared to die is one of the great secrets of living. I know I'm going to go probably in some violent manner; the only question is when and how. But I don't think that's going to happen to me until I complete my mission. I know this is irrational, but I believe that I was placed here for a purpose and I think God has something to do with it: Our country needs a leader. So I think I'll be spared. As Rommel said, "Stand next to me; I'm bulletproof."

PLAYBOY: Do you think you're bulletproof, too?

ROCKWELL: Not literally, of course, but I firmly believe that the more arrogant and defiant you are of danger, the safer you are from harm. I think that's the reason I've survived so many times when people have shot at me. If you're fearless enough, it implants a certain psychology in the guy that's trying to shoot at you. It's almost as if he could smell your fearlessness, the way an animal smells fear. But the effect is the opposite: Instead of being emboldened to attack, he's so unsettled that his hand shakes when he goes to pull the trigger; and this makes it almost impossible for him to hit you. Either that, or he'll back down entirely.

When I go out in the street and toughs come up threatening to whip me, I look them straight in the eye and say, "Go ahead. Start." Maybe they could whip me, but so far nobody's tried.

PLAYBOY: What's the closest you've come to getting killed?

ROCKWELL: The closest, I guess -- though I didn't get hurt -- was the time we had scheduled a picket by 14 of us of the movie Exodus in Boston. The other men were in a truck, and I had registered in a nearby hotel as Nathan Ginsburg, where I waited until the scheduled picket time of two P.M. The newspapers and radio estimated that 10,000 or more Jews were packing the streets waiting for us, and my truck full of boys couldn't get through the crowd. Well, our picket had been the subject of headlines for days, so I couldn't possibly chicken out at that point. I had to get through the crowd somehow to picket in front of the theater; so I put on an overcoat, went through the crowd quietly, and when I got in front of the theater, I took off the overcoat in the middle of all those Jews and stood there in full-dress uniform. They were shocked into silence for a moment; their jaws dropped. Then some body hollered, "It's Rockwell! Get him!" And the whole huge mob marched in on me with their clubs and baling hooks. If I hadn't been rescued by a flying wedge of tough Irish cops, I would certainly have been killed. I was taken into protective custody and put in a cell.

I'll tell you, I was glad I was out of that; it could have ended horribly. But I had to show my men that I wouldn't ask them to do anything I wouldn't do myself.

Another reason I did it is the effect the Nazi uniform has on Jews: It turns them into insane hatemongers -- easy to beat, outmaneuver and out think. The most dangerous man on the face of the earth is a rational, carefully planning Jew, but a raging, hate-filled Jew will act foolishly; you can whip him.

PLAYBOY: How many times have you been jailed for this kind of agitation, Commander?

ROCKWELL: Up to now, 15 times. But never for very long; two weeks was the longest -- that was in New Orleans. We'd gone down there with our "Hate Bus" to make fun of nigger agitators who were calling their bus the "Love Bus." Without so much as a warrant or any real cause, the Jew-dominated officials of New Orleans had us all thrown in jail on phony charges that were later dropped.

We finally got out by staging a hunger strike; eleven of us went eight days with out a bite. On the fourth day, one of our men began to crack and said he was going to eat, so we had to let him know that if he did, it would be his last meal. He changed his mind.

Another time in Virginia, they put me in jail, and I was facing ten years' possible imprisonment for "starting a war against the niggers." You've never seen a man act as guilty as the sheriff who arrested me.

PLAYBOY: Guilty about what?

ROCKWELL: He felt he was doing the wrong thing. Here was a fellow white man fighting for the same things he believed in, and he was throwing me in jail. But this town is in the clutches of this Jew who owns two huge department stores and grocery stores there; so the sheriff was acting under leftist political pressure. But that leftist hotbed is a sanctuary of segregationist arch-conservatism compared with Philadelphia. Believe it or not, my men and I were jailed there for picketing a hotel where Gus Hall, the head of the American Communist Party, was speaking. As far as I'm concerned, Philadelphia is the enemy capital. They've practically got Jewish flags flying from the flagpoles. In most cities, though, I've found that they're only bluffing when they threaten me with jail. I tell them, "You'd better start arresting, 'cause I'm going to start speaking." Nine times out of ten they chicken out. They're used to nonviolent niggers being willing to go to jail -- not white supremacists. Well, here's one white supremacist who ain't afraid to go to jail. And neither are my men. As a matter of fact, we've got at least two or three Party members in jail some where in the United States almost 365 days a year. Every Sunday night we honor them in ceremonies that we hold on the parade grounds in front of this building. We also award special decorations for conspicuous achievement on behalf of the Party and for acts of heroism above and beyond the call of duty.

Our top award is the Order of Adolf Hitler, then the Gold, the Silver and the Bronze awards. The highest award I've given yet was the Silver; that was to a man who couldn't contain himself in Birmingham and belted Martin Luther Coon on the head for calling that nigger Jew Sammy Davis Jr. "... an example of the finest type of American."

PLAYBOY: You know, of course, that Dr. King is widely respected and admired by the majority of the American public, black and white -- while you, a champion of white supremacy, are regarded by most people as a "nut" and a "hatemonger," abominated by almost everyone -- including the John Birch Society.

ROCKWELL: Martin Luther Coon may go on pulling the wool over the public's eyes for a while longer, but sooner or later they're going to find him out for what he is -- an 18-karat fake, a fraud on the Negro people. When the black revolution comes, I wouldn't be surprised to see him get it first -- from his own people. As for my being a nut, that name has been applied to some of the greatest men the world has ever known, from Christ to the Wright Brothers. I say it's therefore one of the highest accolades I could be given. My father once told me that his Jewish friends ask him, "How could you spawn such a viper?" Well, I'm proud that Communist Jews think me a viper. As for the threats and the beatings and the investigations and the assassination attempts and all that, when I hung up the Nazi flag, I counted on being jailed and hated and hounded. If I hadn't been, I'd figure I was a flop. Harassment is par for the course in the embryonic stages of any new movement that's opposed by the established powers -- especially one as revolutionary as mine. I wouldn't be surprised if the Anti-Defamation League already has a cross built for me, with the nails ready. But I don't consider myself persecuted. Maturity is to accept the consequences of your own acts. I think it's a symptom of paranoia to feel that it's anyone's fault but your own if you fail to accomplish what you set out to.

PLAYBOY: We read a newspaper interview a few years ago in which you claimed you were being "gagged and slandered by the Jewish press," sabotaged by a nationwide journalistic conspiracy in your fight to put your case before the nation. When "the Jewish press" wasn't pretending that you didn't exist, you said, it was either deliberately misquoting you or doctoring your public statements to remove the sense and retain the shock value -- in order to make you sound simple-minded or to portray you as a racist monster. Only this conspiracy of silence and misrepresentation, you claimed, was preventing you from getting your revolutionary message across to the white, gentile masses and rallying them to your flag. To some people, Commander, these might sound like the remarks of a man who's trying to blame his failures on someone else.

ROCKWELL: You think I'm being paranoid, is that it?

PLAYBOY: Some people might.

ROCKWELL: In the Columbia journalism Review about three months ago, Ben Bagdikian, a frequent writer for the Anti-Defamation League, wrote an article called "The Gentle Suppression" which asked the question, "Is the news quarantine of Rockwell a good thing?" Bagdikian openly reveals that the press maintains as much silence as possible about our activities. So you see, the Jew blackout on us is as real as a hand over my mouth. They know we're too poor to buy air time or advertising space, so they ban our publications from all channels of distribution, and they refuse to report our activities in the daily press. I could run naked across the White House lawn and they wouldn't report it. I'm being facetious. But I'm dead serious when I say that the only kind of free speech left in this country is that speech that doesn't criticize the Jews. If you criticize the Jews, you're either smeared or silenced. They have that same kind of "free speech" in Cuba, Red China and Russia and every other Communist country: You can say any thing you like as long as it doesn't criticize the dictator. The Jews are never going to let me reach the people with my message in the American press; they can't afford to.

PLAYBOY: How do you reconcile that statement with the fact that you're being interviewed at this moment for a national magazine?

ROCKWELL: I've been interviewed, taped and photographed thousands of times for just such presentations as these, but they never appear. The fact that you come here and get this interview doesn't prove that you'll print it, or that if you do, you'll print it straight. After the editors read over the transcript, they'll decide it's too hot to handle, and they'll chicken out rather than risk getting bombed by the Jews and the niggers when it comes out.

PLAYBOY: We'll take our chances, Commander -- if you will.

ROCKWELL: I'll take any chances to get my message read. But it's never going to happen. We've been kept out of the news too many times before. I'll bet you a hundred dollars this whole thing has been nothing but a waste of my time, because it's never going to reach the people who read your magazine.



 

THIS TIME THE WORLD
by George Lincoln Rockwell

CHAPTER II.

Mary MacPherson was the healthiest and prettiest young peasant girl in Pugwash, Nova Scotia. She had helped her Scottish immigrant family fight the Indians for their land. She had been brought up in the rude and rugged life of a pioneer, shearing the small herd of family sheep, carding and spinning the wool, weaving it and then making clothes for all the family from it. There was no nonsense about life in Pugwash and no nonsense about young Mary MacPherson as she set off to visit relatives in Providence, Rhode Island, some time in the early spring of 1884.

While in Providence, she met John Rockwell, a mature and dignified Civil War veteran of Scotch-English descent who had opened a real estate office and had already married and raised a small family, before he lost his wife. Mary MacPherson married John Rockwell and they bought a house, with a large mortgage, on Pemberton Street in the Mount Pleasant, section of Providence.

In this house, in 1889, was born a very unusual man: my father. Out of these most staid circumstances came a human mutation, a genius, who was to help set America laughing as it had never laughed before and who was to produce a gm who would find America in tears and lead the battle to change those tears once again to healthy laughter -- but not with jokes.

George Lovejoy Rockwell was nothing like his stern and dignified father or his sturdy, no-nonsense mother. From what I can gather, he was more like a composite of Peck's Bad Boy and a mischievous, impudent monkey. He played endless painful tricks on his sweet little sisters, but always managed to appear the angel when these innocents appealed tearfully to their mother. He investigated everything and everybody, poked into everything, became an expert young magician, invented a thousand diabolical little devices for an equal number of diabolical purposes, learned to play the penny tin-whistle better than anyone before him, became an artist, cartoonist and sign painter, liberally plastering the cellar walls with signs for various soaps, etc., which still remain.

I have not heard of any scholastic honors awarded him, but I understand he did manage to frolic his way through part of high school, carefully placing hornets in the school master's lunch box and performing other psychological experiments. But he could not long repress his spirits in a school room.

Starting as a magician, he entered the exuberant new world of vaudeville. But his patter, delivered with the legerdemain, soon proved more successful than the magic act and he teamed up in a comedy bit with various partners, including men named Al Wood and Al Fox.

For years he starved. Once, he and his partner had only a single pair of pants between them, when one of them ripped the only pair he had and they were out of work and money. They had managed to keep a room, even with the rent overdue, so one stayed in bed in the room while the other searched for some kind of work or income. My father was clever at writing parodies -- humorous and irreverent words to well-known songs -- and his partner managed to get a few other vaudevillian customers for his services in this line. The partner would bring the customer to the room, excuse himself at the door, run inside, give the pants to my father, jump in bed and then pretend to sleep while my father wrote the parody on the spot and in the pants.

But poverty was no damper for my old man's irrepressible spirits. Next door to this room, behind paper-thin walls, was a sister act and sounds were clearly heard from one room to the next. In those days and in the place, every bed had a not, very handsome, but utilitarian piece of china beneath it. My father conceived the idea of filling the huge water pitcher kept on the bureau and giving the young ladies in the next room something to think about. He stood on a chair, making sure they were in next door, then carefully and slowly, he poured a thin stream of water from the pitcher into the chamber pot. This occupied about ten minutes or so and his diabolical genius was rewarded a few minutes later when the pranksters innocently stepped out of their room and, sneaking a look behind them, discovered two pretty heads peeking out, with mouths hanging wide open.

There is material for a delightful book in my father's endless and absorbing tales of his antics on and off stage in vaudeville and I have urged him repeatedly to do the job, himself, without success.

There was the time he bet the rest of the bill in some town in Illinois that he could go out on the street and calmly hit a policeman, without being arrested. He put on dark glasses, filled his hat with pencils and went about 'feeling' vigorously with the cane, striking this way and that, until he fetched a cop a good belt on the shins. The cop winced, but helped the poor 'blind man' and my Pop won. Or the time in Chicago when he got the baby ducks and the whole cast watched them swim in the hotel tub, until my old man got the idea of seeing if they could swim in 'rapids'. The ducks were tested in the water closet and it was discovered with great glee that they could swim so desperately that they could beat the flush!

While Mary MacPherson was growing up as a pioneer in Nova Scotia, a young German youth named Augustus Schade was emigrating to America to make his fortune and wound up working in a Bloomington, Illinois theater, finally becoming manager. He married, of all things, a fiery French girl, Corrine Boudreau, his opposite in every possible way and the two had a miniature World War I, Germans versus French, going from 1914 on.

They had two daughters, Claire and Arline. Claire was dainty, feminine and took after her French mother. Arline was hefty, overbearing and took after her German father. When the little girls were still very small, they were trained as dancers and actresses for the booming vaudeville business and the whole family hit the road as "The Four Schades". Little Claire was adored by audiences as a sort of Shirley Temple of her day and performed as a toe-dancer. She continued in the theatrical business until about 1915, when she met and married my father.

Unable to approach even marriage with proper decorum, my irrepressible father, I am told, was planning to tell his new father-in-law, who by that time was owner and manager of a large Bloomington theater, that he was part colored. He was barely dissuaded by my mother and her mother who insisted that my very unhumorous German grandfather would have 'promptly shot him to death'. This prediction was later confirmed by Augustus himself, who was only prevented with the greatest effort from carrying out the execution when he heard about the plan for the 'joke'.

About this time, my father had cast off his partners, with their banjos and props and opened as a monologist. He took the pseudo title of "Dr." Rockwell -- quack, quack, quack! -- and posed as a great chiropractor. His only prop was a banana stalk which he demonstrated as the human spine. He did something no monologist had previously dared do: he sat down in an arm chair in the middle of the stage and just talked.

But he did it so successfully that I can remember being in the audience as a very, very small boy and laughing most of all at the fat men and women all around me literally falling out of their seats and suffocating and gasping in ecstasies of laughter. My old man was a master of timing and would blow a police whistle to try to extinguish the laughter so he could continue, but this only drove the howling audience to new paroxysms of uncontrollable mirth.

$3500

They laughed, I am sure, until they ached and hurt all over. At the height of this success, in the middle of the depression, my father was paid $ 3,500 per week -- a fabulous salary for the time and he was worth every cent of it. On and off stage, he kept America, almost literally in stitches.

While all this laughing was going on in the politically innocent, carefree, super-corny United States, the laughter had been extinguished in the more mature part of Western Civilization, Europe. In Germany and Russia, the most gigantic political monster ever to appear on earth was struggling to its scaled feet. The apostate Jew, Karl Marx, had codified the doctrine organizing the biologically inferior millions of the earth, led by Jewish Communist leaders, into a ruthless war of extermination against the elite, the biologically best human material which alone could give civilization and leadership to the masses. At the same time, Theodore Herzl, a Zionist Jew, had perfected plans for gaining Palestine for the Jews from the Arabs who had held it for two thousand years as residents. Simultaneously, in the United States, the Warburgs, Kuhn Loeb & Company and other multi-millionaire Jews in New York City were using their economic power to destroy our republic. In 1913, these forces set up the Anti-Defamation League or 'Gestapo' of B'nai B'rith, got rid of the Constitutional safeguard against demagoguery by getting Senators elected directly, instead of by the State Legislatures, set up the illegal Federal Reserve System to gain mastery over our money and banking, established the monstrous left-wing Rockefeller Foundation and -- worst of all -- established the Income Tax in order to bankrupt America.

In the next three years, these same forces achieved the final wrecking of our strong republic by diabolically and purposefully getting us into the European War on the side of Britain, because Britain unscrupulously offered the Jews Palestine in return for the Jews' promise to get America into the war on the side of England. The result was that everybody lost the war, except the Jews, who got Palestine out of the Balfour Declaration, for their Zionism, and Russia for their Communism.

The first Communist government of Russia was overwhelmingly Jewish, as witnessed by Winston Churchill in an article, "Communism versus Zionism -- A Struggle for the Soul of the Jewish People", in the London Illustrated Sunday Herald of February 8, 1920, reproduced in part on the next page. [Below]

ILLUSTRATED SUNDAY HERALD, FEBRUARY 8, 1920 ZIONISM versus BOLSHEVISM. STRUGGLE FOR THE SOUL OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE.

BY the Rt. Hon. WINSTON S. CHURCHILL

The National Russian Jews, in spite of the disabilities under which they have suffered, have managed to play an honourable and useful part in the national life even of Russia. As bankers and industrialists they have strenuously promoted the development of Russia's economic resources, and they were foremost in the creation of those remarkable organisations, the Russian Co-operative Societies. In politics their support has been given, for the most part, to liberal and progressive movements, and they have been among the staunchest upholders of friendship with France and Great Britain.

International Jews

In violent opposition to all this sphere of Jewish effort rise the schemes of the International Jews. [Rockwell's emphasis] The adherents of this sinister confederacy are mostly men reared up among the unhappy populations of countries where Jews are persecuted on account of their race. Most, if not all, of them have forsaken the faith of their forefathers, and divorced from their minds all spiritual hopes of the next world. This movement among the Jews is not new. From the days of Spartacus-Weishaupt to those of Karl Marx, and down to Trotsky (Russia), Bela Kun (Hungary), Rosa Luxembourg (Germany), and Emma Goldman (United States), this world-wide conspiracy for the overthrow of civilisation and for the reconstitution of society on the basis of arrested development, of envious malevolence, and impossible equality, has been steadily growing. It played, as modern writer, Mrs. Webster, has so ably shown, a definitely recognisable part in the tragedy of the French Revolution. It has been the mainspring of every subversive movement during the Nineteenth Century; and now at last this band of extraordinary personalities from the underworld of the great cities of Europe and America have gripped the Russian people by the hair of their heads and have become practically the undisputed masters of that enormous empire.

Terrorist Jews.

There is no need to exaggerate the part played in the creation of Bolshevism and in the actual bringing about of the Russian Revolution by these international and for the most part atheistic Jews. It is certainly a very great one; it probably outweighs all others. With the notable exception of Lenin, the majority of the leading figures are Jews. Moreover, the principal inspiration and driving power comes from the Jewish leaders. Thus Tchitcherin, a pure Russian, is eclipsed by his nominal subordinate Litvinoff, and the influence of Russians like Bukharin or Lunacharski cannot be compared with the power of Trotsky, of Zinovieff, the Dictator of the red Citadel (Petrograd), or of Krassin or Rade -- all Jews. In the Soviet institutions the predominance of Jews is even more astonishing. And the prominent, if not indeed the principal, part in the system of terrorism applied by the Extraordinary Commissions for Combating Counter-Revolution has been taken by Jews, and in some notable cases by Jewesses. The same evil prominence was obtained by Jews in the brief period of terror during which Bela Kun ruled in Hungary. The same phenomenon has been presented in Germany (especially in Bavaria), so far as this madness has been allowed to prey upon the temporary prostration of the German people. Although in all these countries there are many non-Jews every whit as bad as the worst of the Jewish revolutionaries, the part played by the latter in proportion to their numbers in the population is astonishing.

"Protector of the Jews."

Needless to say, the most intense passions of revenge have been excited in the breasts of the Russian people. Wherever General Denikin's authority could reach, protection was always accorded to the Jewish population, and strenuous efforts were made by his officers to prevent reprisals and to punish those guilty of them. So much was this the case that the Petlurist propaganda against General Denikin denounced him as the Protector of the Jews... [end of excerpt]

This is only an infinitesimally tiny bit of the huge mass of evidence that the 'Russian' revolution was not Russian at all, but Jewish. The documents include the Overman Report to the U.S. Senate, 1919, Senate Document 88, which shows that of the 388 members of the first Soviet Government, sitting in the Old Smolny Institute in Petrograd, 371 were Jews and 265 of these Jews were from the lower East Side of New York City!

In March 1918, both Russia and Germany were in the advanced throes of Bolshevik revolution. Lenin was on his way in a sealed train to Russia, with over 417 exiled Jewish Marxists, to set up the first Bolshevik government in the world. The Jewish revolutionaries were at work in all the other chaos-ridden European countries, with Bela Kun (Cohen) seizing Hungary for the Jew-Communists and Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, both Jews, leading the Bolshevik uprising in Germany.

Meanwhile, an unknown German corporal lay in hospital in Pasewalk, outside of Berlin, his eyes all but burned out by a gas attack. He writes movingly in Mein Kampf of the hot tears which poured down his face when a gang of deserters from the Navy rushed in proclaiming the Red revolution, which forced Germany to sue for an armistice. He writes even more movingly of his disgust and helpless rage when he learned that the deserters were not combat fighters from the front lines, where he himself had won his Iron Cross of valor, but were Jews from the rear echelons!

Five thousand miles across the Atlantic Ocean, in Bloomington, Illinois, Claire Schade Rockwell entered the Kelso Hospital at this same time to give birth to her first child, on the night of March 9, 1918. The greatest marathon race of human history was launched.

Marx had started the monumental race in 1848. Lenin had seized the baton from his failing hands and carried it in 1918 to victory in the first lap. But at the same moment, the Red team launched the reaction which would eventually destroy it. Adolf Hitler started the year I was born, the year that Marxism took Russia. He made a miraculous sprint into history, almost overtook the Reds, but exhausted himself in the agony of his superhuman exertion. His baton seemed to fall, to be crushed into the earth by the ferocity of the other side. It has lain buried now for fifteen years. All over the world, it appears to be crucified. But now, at last, it has been seized up by new hands! It will be carried to triumph as inevitably as the laws of Nature decree the eventual victory of the strongest and best. The dead mass of the world's inferiors, led by even the most brilliant tactics of the Jew Communists and Zionists, cannot avoid eventually returning to their natural place of submission to the natural-born lord of life on this planet, the White Man.

I have made it my mission in life, above all things, to carry that baton to victory! No matter how long it takes, how painful it may be, or how an eternally blind world scorns and hates it, Adolf Hitler's noble vision of racial idealism will yet master today's chaos and bring order, decency and the innocent fun and laughter of my father's day back to suffering, stumbling humanity -- perhaps even to the unhappy, paranoiac Jews.

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Biography

Early life
Rockwell was born in Bloomington, Illinois, the oldest of three children. His father, George Lovejoy "Doc" Rockwell, was of English and Scottish descent and his mother, Claire Schade Rockwell´s background was German and French. Both parents were vaudeville comedians and actors. Some of his father's friends in entertainment included Fred Allen, Benny Goodman, Walter Winchell, Jack Benny, and Groucho Marx.[2] Rockwell would later claim he acquired his skills in speaking and playing to crowds from his early upbringing. His parents were divorced when Rockwell was six. This led to his youth being split between his mother's family in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and his father's family in Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Here, he developed a passion for sailing and fishing.

At age ten, Rockwell fought a gang of kids who were determined to throw him into the ocean during a hazing incident. Rockwell was the 'new kid' and the gang of toughs had planned to dunk him as they had done to all the new kids in the past. Rockwell refused to accept his fate and fought them with all of his might. The gang, with bruises and bites, gave up and let Rockwell go. The following day one of his adversaries would beat him, one-on-one, in a fist fight at school. Rockwell later said this was a significant episode in his life and made him into the person who refused to accept fear and would fight even when faced with overwhelming odds. [3]

Rockwell attended Atlantic City High School in New Jersey for four years, where many of his classmates were Jewish or Black. It wasn't until later that his hatred of alleged organized Jewry would appear.[4] He failed to graduate in his senior year at Atlantic City High, due to a conflict he had with an instructor's method of teaching. He finally graduated from a high school the following year in Providence, Rhode Island.


College and ideas
Rockwell applied to Harvard but failed to get in, since his school records from Atlantic City were never received at the university. He had another "free year," and his father decided to send his son to a boarding school, Hebron Academy, near Lewiston, Maine. While at the academy, Rockwell had something of an intellectual transformation. Here, for the first time, he began to read philosophy and "socially significant" novels. He was impressed by the logic of Schopenhauer, but disturbed by such novels as Sinclair Lewis' Arrowsmith. Rockwell concluded these novels led people by emotion and not reason. At the time he did not fully understand the impact of such novels, but would later believe them to be left wing and communist propaganda.[5]

His intellectual explorations led him to re-examine religion. In the past he thought of himself as being "highly religious," but after rereading the Bible he declared himself to be an atheist. Later, he reversed his non-religious views. He began to see religion not as an "opiate of the masses," but instead a necessary pillar of civilization. Upon further reflection, he contemplated the possibility of a "total intelligence" existing somewhere in the universe and thought a better description of his view to be agnostic. In his later years, he would equate himself with Saint Paul and promoted Christian Identity, a racist sect, hoping to obtain conservative Christian support.

In 1938 Rockwell entered Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and majored in philosophy. In his sociology courses at Brown, Rockwell rebelled against the idea that man was made by his environment or that all human beings had the same potential in life. Rockwell instinctively rejected the concept of equality although, at the time, he had no personal philosophy or ideology to support his beliefs. Among his fellow students, he discussed ideas and argued in endless "bull sessions," particularly over topics such as social themes in popular novels. He realized he was taking the "conservative" position in nearly every argument against his "liberal" opponents. Here he learned the art of controversy and the tactics of debate.


Military
In his sophomore year Rockwell was convinced, as were others, that it was only a matter of time until America would be at war with Nazi Germany. He decided to leave Brown University and join the U. S. Navy to aid the war effort.

Rockwell appreciated the order and discipline of the United States Navy and felt a sense of pride in being an American. In 1940 he was sent to flight school in Massachusetts and Florida. After getting his flight wings he was shipped off to Norfolk, Virginia. While in transit on the USS Pastores Rockwell had to put down a race riot that occurred between white Southerners and blacks who were placed in the same sleeping quarters. The solution Rockwell and the other officers used to stop the rioting was to separate the two groups of men. Due to losing a coin toss, Rockwell ended up leading the black sailors while another officer took charge of the white Southerners.

During the war, blacks were segregated in the Navy and Rockwell at the time was not hostile toward them. On VJ Day, when the war ended with America's victory over Japan, he gave a bottle of champagne to some black sailors for the celebration. In time, Rockwell's attitudes toward blacks would change, seeing them as inferior to whites. Rockwell would later call for a total separation of blacks and whites as a solution to America's race problems. He wanted to enact President Abraham Lincoln's and black nationalist Marcus Garvey's program of repatriation to Africa. When the armed forces were integrated in 1948, Rockwell predicted that morale among American servicemen would never be as great as it had been during the war.

Rockwell served in the South Atlantic aboard the USS Omaha looking for enemy subs. Rockwell flew old Curtiss biplanes which were launched by aircraft catapults from the Omaha. Off the coast of Africa, Rockwell helped in the sinking of two Axis subs when he was part of a carrier killer group.

On April 24, 1943, Rockwell married Judy Aultman, whom he had met while attending Brown University. Miss Aultman was a student at Pembroke—the female half of Brown University.

After his marriage, Rockwell studied at the Navy's aerial photography school in Florida. Upon completing his training, he served in the Pacific. His most notable action being the coordinating of air support in the retaking of Guam.


Career
After the war ended, Rockwell decided to become a commercial artist. He applied to the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, and was accepted for the following year. To make ends meet Rockwell and his wife moved to Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Here, in the spring of 1946, he built a photography studio and found work painting commercial signs. Later that year they moved to New York City where Rockwell started his studies at Pratt.

During this time, Rockwell began to notice people of mixed racial heritage. Rockwell was repelled by people he called "human scum" and remembered one of his classmates at Pratt being a "Chinese Jewish Negro with red hair and freckles." [6] In high school Rockwell was surrounded by racial minorities, but they appeared to be distinct racial groups. Here, he was confronted with what he feared would be the future of America.

While at Pratt, Rockwell was introduced to the modern art movement. He considered half of his instructors to be real artists and the other half to be "gross charlatans." For a time he played along with his instructors who were promoting the new art form. Once he created a monstrosity of a painting as an act of mockery and presented it to his teacher. Rockwell received a grade of 'B' for his work. Rockwell began to see modern art as something foreign—"Communist" would be the word he would place upon it even though he did not fully understand the significance of his label. Also, he saw Jews as promoters of the movement and mistakenly believed cubist Pablo Picasso was Jewish.

Rockwell nevertheless decided to pursue a career as a commercial artist. In 1948 he won the first prize of $1,000 for an ad he did for the American Cancer Society. The contest was sponsored by the National Society of Illustrators in New York.[7] Rockwell left Pratt before finishing his final year and started an advertising agency in Maine.

Rockwell's career as a commercial artist was interrupted when he was recalled to duty as a lieutenant commander at the start of the Korean War. He moved his wife and two children to San Diego, California, where he trained Navy and Marine pilots in close air support tactics.


Entering Politics
It was during his time in San Diego when Rockwell began to pay close attention to politics. Rockwell was influenced by the radio broadcasts of Senator Joseph McCarthy's stance against Communism and supported General Douglas MacArthur's Republican candidacy for President of the United States. For the duration of his life, Rockwell maintained an admiration for both Senator McCarthy and General MacArthur. Rockwell adopted the corncob pipe following MacArthur's example. Rockwell would also take it upon himself to make numerous visits to McCarthy's grave and hometown of Appleton, Wisconsin.


Shift to extremism
Rockwell began to move away from conservative Republican positions and toward political extremism. He attended a Gerald L.K. Smith rally in Los Angeles, and read Conde McGinley's Common Sense, a political newspaper that introduced him to anti-Semitism and the so-called "Jewish Question." He read Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf and the so-called "Protocols of the Elders of Zion," and instantly adopted National Socialist beliefs.

Rockwell began to believe in a Jewish conspiracy consisting of three different political movements. One was Communism founded by Karl Marx with the intent of "organizing the biologically inferior...into a ruthless war of extermination against the elite." The other was Zionism inspired by Theodore Herzl; with the purpose of establishing a Jewish political state in Palestine. The third, were Jewish capitalists who he claimed helped to finance the two movements and undermined the financial health of the American republic.[8]

Rockwell became a follower of National Socialism and published an Animal Farm type of parody, "The Fable of the Ducks and the Hens."[9] This was Rockwell's interpretation of Jewish power in twentieth century America. In 1952 Rockwell began working with pre-existing anti-semitic and anti-communist groups. That year he attended the American Nationalist Conference which was formed by Conde McGinley’s Christian Educational Association. This group viewed Communism as a political expression of Judaism. (Preliminary Report on Neo-Fascist and Hate Groups (PDF file, 3 Meg), Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., 1954)


Iceland
In 1952 Rockwell was ordered to report to Norfolk, Virginia. Upon arrival, Rockwell was told his next post would be Iceland. Since families were not permitted to be with the Americans stationed in that country, his wife and children moved in with her mother in Barrington, Rhode Island. After a few months in Iceland, Rockwell returned to his family in Rhode Island. It was a miserable reunion and it seemed evident his marriage would soon end. A short time later, Rockwell and his wife were divorced, on the agreement of a pledged alimony payment, which he would spend the rest of his life trying to raise.

After several months upon his return to Iceland, Rockwell attended a diplomatic party in Reykjavík, Iceland's capital. At the party Rockwell met Thora Hallgrimsson, who would become the new love in his life and eventually his wife. Rockwell told Thora about his political beliefs and that he would either be a "bum or a great man." [10] They were married on October 3, 1953, in the Icelandic National Cathedral by Thora's uncle who was the Bishop of Iceland. The couple honeymooned in Berchtesgaden, Germany, where Hitler had had his mountain retreat in the Bavarian Alps.


Publishing
Upon returning a second time to civilian life, Rockwell saw a business opportunity in starting a new magazine that would appeal to United States servicemen's wives. In September 1955, he launched the publication U. S. Lady. After presenting the idea to generals and admirals who headed public relations departments for the various military services, Rockwell began his publication efforts in Washington, D.C.. The new enterprise would also incorporate Rockwell's political causes: his opposition to both racial integration and communism. Rockwell financed the operation through stock sales and subscriptions. With a staff of 30, Rockwell could only promise to pay his employees before the successful launch of the first issue. The publication continued to have financial troubles and Rockwell would later sell his interest in the magazine.

However, Rockwell still hoped to become a publisher. This time he envisioned a national newspaper based in Washington, D.C., to be called The Conservative Times with the expressed purpose of uniting the right wing. Advertisements were placed on conservative radio programs and meetings were held in the Washington area.

Keeping with his "secret Nazi" approach, Rockwell would criticize those in his group who expressed a "disgusting display of prejudice" toward Jews. While appearing to be politically conservative, Rockwell's strategy at the time was to "sneak up on the Jews," create a powerful movement and then turn on them. He thus formed the American Federation of Conservative Organizations which attempted to conceal its anti-Semitism.

For a while, Rockwell worked for William F. Buckley, Jr., and promoted Buckley's magazine National Review among conservative college students. Later, Rockwell decided conservatives were "human ostriches" who would never take a stand against his enemy, the Jews. Rockwell failed to start his conservative newspaper or the right-wing unity organization he envisioned.


Commander Rockwell
In July of 1958, Rockwell decided to cross his "River Rubicon" by picketing in front of the White House with a placard which read, "SAVE IKE FROM THE KIKES!" to protest President Eisenhower's decision to send troops into the Middle East. The president's action was designed to prop up Lebanon's pro-Israeli government. Rockwell was opposed to this intervention.

Rockwell's activism became known to other white extremists. One day he received a large package in the mail from one of his supporters which contained an eighteen-foot-long swastika flag. He placed the flag on the wall of his home and made an altar with Adolf Hitler's photo in the center lighted with three candles in front. According to his autobiography, Rockwell claimed to have had a religious experience and swore allegiance to his leader, saluting him "Heil Hitler!" [11]

Rockwell and a few supporters fashioned themselves some uniforms, armed themselves with rifles and revolvers, and began to parade about his home on Williams Street in Arlington, Virginia. [12] The window to his home was left open showing the huge swastika flag. People would gawk, throw stones, and stare in amazement at the Nazis in the Washington area. Drew Pearson wrote a news column about the new Nazi leader and gave Rockwell his first bit of publicity.


Formation of the American Nazi Party
In March 1959, Rockwell formed the World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists, a name apparently chosen to imply opposition to state ownership of property. In December of that year, the name would be changed to the American Nazi Party, and the headquarters moved to 928 North Randolph Street in Arlington, Virginia. [13] The formation of the party resulted in his discharge from the United States Navy and the forfeiting of his pension.

Rockwell had to send his wife, Thora, and the four children to Iceland for their personal safety. The separation was supposed to have been temporary. In the months that passed, they grew distant. Rockwell went to Iceland and tried to reconcile with his family. However, he was unable to save his second marriage and they later divorced. Meanwhile, relations with his biological family would never be the same either. Both his brother and sister refused to ever speak with him. His father never forgave his son for dishonoring his name. Only his mother remained in contact.

One of Rockwell's first openly Nazi publications was a pamphlet titled In Hoc Signo Vinces, [14] meaning "In this sign, Victory!" The symbol Rockwell used on the publication was the swastika. In recruiting followers for his organization, Rockwell credited himself for saving numerous youths from the "delusions" of alcohol, narcotics, homosexuality, and manic depression by improving their welfare and giving them the will to live better lives. To become a "Stormtrooper," an applicant had to be at least eighteen and take a very strict oath. If he broke it, he would be forced out.


Rallies in Washington, D.C., and New York City
In order to overcome the "silent treatment" from the nation's press, Rockwell decided upon a course of action that he hoped would gain him national publicity. A rally was held April 3, 1960, on the National Mall of Washington, D.C. The weather was not agreeable and it rained. Rockwell and his group nevertheless held the rally. The Washington Evening Star reported the Nazis were a flop and the rally was a failure. A few days later the weather was better. Rockwell returned and gave a two hour speech, gaining more press attention.

Rockwell's next tactic was to hold a rally in Union Square in New York City. He went there to demand a permit to speak and soon found himself surrounded by his archenemies: the Jews. A near riot erupted as Rockwell began to answer reporters' questions. Rockwell said that 80 percent of the Jewish population in America were Communist sympathizers and therefore traitors who should be gassed, on the basis that most of the convicted spies happened to be Jewish. The crowd went wild, demanding Rockwell be killed on the spot. He was given a protected escort out of New York City and never received the permit to hold the rally. [15]

Rockwell's next planned rally was set for July 3, 1960, again on the Mall. Rockwell and his men were confronted by an angry mob and a riot ensued. The police arrested Rockwell and eight party members. Rockwell demanded a trial but soon found himself being sent to a mental institution for thirty days of observation. In less than two weeks he was released and found capable of standing trial. He published a pamphlet on this experience titled, How to get out or stay out of the insane asylum. Thereafter, he became more careful in his rhetoric.

By 1961 Rockwell's group was established in several cities with party members in Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston. Rockwell traveled to these cities and protested theatres showing Exodus, a movie depicting the birth of modern day Israel. Jewish organizations encouraged the press to "quarantine" Rockwell and news of his group's activities. At the end of the year, Rockwell was finally able to publish his autobiography, This Time The World, which he dedicated to Adolf Hitler and with acknowledgements to Douglas MacArthur, Joseph McCarthy and Charles Lindbergh. [16]


Formation of the World Union of National Socialists
In August, 1962, because of its sensitive passport policy, Rockwell had to secretly travel to England through Ireland. In the Cotswolds, he co-founded the World Union of National Socialists with Colin Jordan's British organization the National Socialist Movement, before being deported back to the states. In 1966 the international group published National Socialist World, edited by former physics professor William L. Pierce.


Political campaigns and college appearances
In the presidential election of 1964 Rockwell ran as a write-in candidate receiving 212 votes. [17] Rockwell ran unsuccessfully for governor of Virginia in 1965 on the American Nazi Party ticket, polling 5,730 votes, or 1.02 percent of the total vote. (Rockwell campaign photo [18]) [19] [20] On November 30, 1966 Rockwell gave a speech to students at his alma mater Brown University. [21] At the time his group was estimated to have perhaps a few hundred members and nearly two thousand supporters. At the height of his fame, Rockwell was quite popular on the college lecture tour, from New England to Hawaii. According to one of Rockwell's biographers, he spoke to more than 100 college audiences. [22][23]


Playboy interview
Rockwell once gave an interview to Alex Haley, the author of the novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family, which was made into a TV miniseries. The interview was published in Playboy magazine in the April 1966 issue. Rockwell agreed to the interview because of the magazine's appeal to white males. For many, this was the first time Rockwell's ideas were presented to the public without censorship. Rockwell was portrayed by Marlon Brando in the miniseries Roots: The Next Generations.

In the interview, Rockwell explained why he believed black people were inferior to whites. He cited a study by G.O. Ferguson that showed that black people who were part white did better on a test than the "pure-black niggers" (Rockwell's words); Rockwell's use of these statistics is a textbook example of a statistical fallacy used to propagate incorrect ideas.[1]


Rockwell and the Civil Rights Movement
In the summer of 1966, Rockwell led a counter-demonstration to Martin Luther King's attempt to bring an end to de facto segregation in the white Chicago suburb of Cicero, Illinois. He believed King was merely a tool for Jewish Communists to integrate America. [24] Although he admired J. Edgar Hoover's stand against communist subversion and would have approved of Hoover's tactics against King [25], unbeknownst to him, Rockwell was also targeted by the FBI's counter intelligence program: COINTELPRO.

Rockwell led the American Nazi Party in assisting the Ku Klux Klan and similar groups during the Civil Rights Movement, by countering the Freedom Riders and the March on Washington. But he soon came to believe the Klan was stuck in the past and ineffective for helping him wage a modern race struggle. After hearing the slogan "Black Power" during a debate, in 1966, with Black Panther, Stokley Carmichael, Rockwell altered the phrase and started a call for "White Power." White Power would later become the name of the party's newspaper and the title of a book authored by Rockwell.

At the same time, Rockwell reached out to form friendly associations with the Nation of Islam, for its shared belief in racial separation. He also had great respect for Elijah Muhammad as the "Black people's Hitler," for doing the best job promoting integrity and pride among his people. Finally, he admired Malcolm X, as his black equivalent and the next true leader for Black America, even after Malcolm's split from the Black Muslim organization.

Despite his extreme rhetoric, Rockwell's principal message was "peace through separation." He believed that sooner or later when the Cold War was over, America would have to confront its domestic troubles with a long-term solution to its race problems. Otherwise, he often prophesied, the nation would suffer a great race war, where "the uniform would be skin color." Rockwell believed the conflict was rapidly approaching with the passage of the 1965 Immigration Act that would, according to him, soon make whites America's new minority.


"Hatenanny Records" and "The Hate Bus"
In the 1960's, Rockwell attempted to draw attention to his cause by starting a small record label named "Hatenanny Records" (the name was a parody of "Hootenanny", a term given to a folk music performance). The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as "Otis Cochran and the Three Bigots", and were sold mostly through mail order. A trunicated version of one of Cochran's recordings, Ship Those Niggers Back appears in the documentary The California Reich.

When the Freedom Riders drove their campaign to desegregate bus stations in the deep South, Rockwell secured a VW Van and decorated it with swastikas and White Supremacist slogans, dubbing it the "Hate Bus", personally driving it to speaking engagements and party rallies. [26] It was later repossessed after the American Nazi Party defaulted on a loan.


National Socialist White People's Party

On January 1, 1967, Rockwell announced the party’s next stage of development. He officially changed the name of the American Nazi Party to the National Socialist White People’s Party (NSWPP). Its new slogan would be “White Power” replacing “Sieg Heil.” The new strategy would be to capitalize on growing support in the wake of the Chicago rallies and to focus the organization’s commitment to a universal white nationalism as opposed to Nordic or Anglo-Saxon provincialism. An internal party newsletter, the “National Socialist Bulletin”, was started to convey and help direct these new efforts.

On June 9-11, the party held its national conference in Arlington aimed at reorganizing its leadership and “charting a new course of professionalism.” In July, 1967, The swastika-bearing party publication The Stormtrooper magazine was replaced by a newspaper with an American eagle masthead entitled “White Power”. Some within the NSWPP opposed this new ideological direction.


Assassination

On June 28 the first attempt was made on Rockwell’s life. Returning from shopping, he drove into the party barracks’ driveway on Wilson Boulevard and found it blocked by a felled tree and brush. Rockwell assumed that it was another prank by local teens. As a young trooper cleared the obstruction, two shots were fired at Rockwell from behind one of the swastika-embossed brick driveway pillars. One of the shots ricocheted off the car right next to his head. Leaping from the car, Rockwell pursued the would-be assassin. On June 30, Rockwell petitioned the Arlington County Circuit Court for a gun permit; no action was ever taken on his request.

A few minutes before noon on August 25, 1967, Rockwell was shot while leaving the Econowash laundromat at the Dominion Hills Shopping Center in the 6000 block of Wilson Boulevard in Arlington, Virginia. Two bullets crashed through his 1958 Chevrolet’s windshield and it slowly rolled backwards to a stop. Rockwell staggered out of the front passenger side door of the car, pointed towards the shopping center roof, and then collapsed face up on the pavement.

The gunman ran along the shopping center roof and jumped to the ground in the rear. A shop owner and customer briefly gave chase, but were unable to get a clear look at the fleeing figure. Other customers called the Arlington County police and checked Rockwell for a pulse. He had none; the one bullet that struck him had ripped through several major arteries just above his heart. The internal bleeding was so heavy that Rockwell died in two minutes. A half hour later at a bus stop several miles away, John Patler - a former member of Rockwell’s group - was arrested as the suspected assassin by a passing patrolman familiar with the Arlington Nazis. Later that day, after hearing of his son’s death, Rockwell’s 78-year-old father commented laconically, “I am not surprised at all. I’ve expected it for quite some time.”

Matt Koehl, Rockwell’s executor and the nominal number two man in the NSWPP, quickly moved to establish legal control over Rockwell’s body and all NSWPP assets. At the time of his death, the NSWPP had approximately 300 active members nationwide and perhaps 3,000 financial supporters. Although Rockwell’s parents wanted a private burial in Maine for him, they did not feel up to a public fight with the Nazis for his body. On August 27, an NSWPP spokesman reported that Federal officials had given verbal approval to a planned military burial of Rockwell at Culpeper National Cemetery, which was his right as an honorably discharged veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces.

On August 29, several dozen NSWPP troopers and about 100 party supporters formed a procession and drove the 65 miles from Arlington to Culpeper. At the cemetery gates they were met by General Carl C. Turner and 60 MPs who had been rushed in from Vint Hill to enforce the U.S. Army’s burial protocol. They were backed by dozens of police from various jurisdictions. No mourners bearing Nazi insignia would be allowed into the cemetery. The NSWPP troopers’ refusal to remove their uniforms led to a day-long standoff. They unsuccessfully tried to force their way into the cemetery three separate times. Several arrests resulted. With daylight fading, General Turner declared that Rockwell could not be buried until the NSWPP made a new request to the Pentagon and agreed to follow protocol.

The dispirited Nazis returned to Arlington with Rockwell’s body. Plans were made to bury Rockwell in Spotsylvania County, but they fell apart when it became clear that local Jewish organizations were organizing resistance against it. Fearing that Arlington County officials might seize the body, the ANP had Rockwell cremated the next morning and a memorial service was held that afternoon at party headquarters. On February 8, 1968, the NSWPP filed suit to obtain a Nazi burial for Rockwell’s remains at any National Cemetery. On March 15, 1969, a Federal district judge upheld the Army Secretary’s ruling that Rockwell was ineligible for a burial with full military honors in a national cemetery. The final resting place of Rockwell’s remains is uncertain.

The controversy after Rockwell’s death wasn’t limited, however, to the disposition of his remains. It soon spilled over into the trial of his alleged assassin. Following psychiatric evaluation, John Patler was judged competent to stand trial. Unsurprisingly, he plead not guilty at his preliminary hearing, but on September 29, 1967, Patler was bound over by a grand jury on the charge of first degree homicide. His trial began on November 27 amid tight security at the Arlington County Courthouse. On December 15, Patler was found guilty and released on bond to await sentencing. On February 23, 1968, Patler was sentenced to 20 years in prison, at that time the least punishment possible for a first degree murder conviction. The Virginia Circuit Court postponed imprisonment pending his appeal.

On November 30, 1970, the Virginia Supreme Court upheld Patler’s conviction and 20-year sentence for slaying Rockwell and ordered him to begin serving his sentence. On May 16, 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rejected Patler’s appeal based on claims of witness contamination. In August 1975, Patler was paroled from the Pulaski correctional unit after serving less than four years of his sentence. Judge Charles S. Russell, who had presided over Patler’s murder trial, wrote a lengthy letter to the parole board supporting Patler’s release. It was the only time he ever did this in his career. The following year, however, Patler violated the terms of his parole and was returned to prison for an additional six years. On December 30, 1977 Patler petitioned the Henry County Circuit Court to change his surname back to its original form, Patsalos.

The strip mall where Rockwell was slain is still called the Dominion Hills Shopping Center. In the past, admirers of Rockwell have painted a swastika on the exact spot of the parking lot where he died.


Party headquarters
The location he established as the headquarters of his American Nazi Party (2507 North Franklin Road in Arlington) is now a coffee shop called "The Java Shack" [27], and serves a racially diverse community. The two-story house he established as his "Stormtrooper Barracks," which some of the locals dubbed "The House on Hatemonger Hill" (6150 Wilson Boulevard, in the Dominion Hills district of Arlington), has since been razed and the property incorporated into the Upton Hill Regional Park.


Ideology and tactics
Rockwell's most infamous tactic was the mass promotion of denying the Holocaust. He maintained it was all propaganda from the war that became a psychological weapon of Zionism, designed to promote white guilt and coerce the Western world into contributing billions in foreign aid to Israel. He often declared that if not for the Holocaust, the modern state of Israel would not exist and there'd be no worldwide demand for eliminating racial segregation and apartheid.

In waging his campaign, Rockwell used "political jujitsu": he used his enemies' power against them by having them give him attention. He believed the American masses were not getting the whole picture because they were easily swayed by the "managed news," controlled by what he claimed was Jewish monopolizing of the media.

When compared to other political icons of the 1960s, Rockwell was a combination of radical-reactionary and counter-revolutionary, meaning that he sought to counter the perceived leftist progressive cultural revolution in America and preserve its old way of life by going out of the mainstream to become a frontline fighter. But unlike other radical groups, Rockwell always made sure his was law abiding and often claimed they had to "break their backs" to be so.

Rockwell supported America's war in Vietnam. At times he would dive into anti-war demonstrations at home, tearing down Viet Cong flags that were being waved by peace protesters. If not for the politicians, he claimed, the war in Vietnam could easily have been fought and won "with the Boy Scouts."

With regard to the Cold War Rockwell wanted to make peace with the Russians, whom he considered fellow opponents of Zionism. Rockwell also skewered conservatives like Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan as either deceptive "kosher conservatives," or opportunistic "ex-pinkos."

Rockwell predicted that it would not be long before the American masses were frustrated with both the Democratic and Republican parties, making way for his planned run and election to the presidency in 1972. He believed that just as Christian Identity would unite white Catholics and Protestants, so would National Socialism unite white laborers and capitalists.


Legacy
David Duke regarded Rockwell as having the greatest impact for inspiring him to continue his twin message of white nationalism and anti-Zionism. Duke, as a student in high school, learned of the assassination and reportedly said, "The greatest American who ever lived has been shot down and killed."

In the mid-60s Rockwell had a strategy to develop his Nazi political philosophy within the Christian Identity religious movement. Christian Identity had its own anti-Semitic and racist views but without a Third Reich orientation. To some degree Rockwell was successful with this approach. The Christian Identity group Aryan Nations would later use various Nazi flags in its services. Also, its security personnel had uniforms that were similar to those worn by Rockwell's stormtroopers. [28]

With the appearance of the skinhead movement of the 1970s and 1980s many working class youths became a part of a neo-Nazi revival. The movement appeared for the most part on its own; the root cause was alienation of white youths in an ever increasingly multi-racial society. Rockwell became an adopted hero of the skinheads.

Two of Rockwell's associates, Matt Koehl and William Luther Pierce, would form their own organizations taking Rockwell's inspiration with them. Koehl, the successor to Rockwell, moved the NSWPP to Wisconsin and started New Order; which revered Hitler as a superhuman personality. Pierce would form the National Alliance and continue to take a hard line against Jews and racial minorities, but without the Third Reich trappings.


Timeline of Rockwell's political activities
February 25, 1962: Rockwell speaks at the annual convention of the Nation of Islam in Chicago, Illinois.[29]
February 14, 1963: Rockwell speaks at the University of Virginia upon invitation of the John Randolph Society[30]
January 16, 1965: Rockwell goes to Selma, Alabama and announces plans to heckle civil rights activist Martin Luther King. [31]
August 21, 1966: Rockwell speaks at a 3,000 strong rally at Marquette Park in Chicago.
November 30, 1966: Rockwell speaks at Brown University.

Quotes by George Lincoln Rockwell
"Compared to some aboriginee in Africa who eats his own grandmother, and they're still eating people over there..yes sir, I believe you and I are all supermen compared to those cruds." Interview on CBC

"America did not exist until the coming of the white man." [32]

"I knew I would not live to see the victory which I would make possible, but I would not die before I had made that victory certain." This Time The World Chapter 15


Works
In hoc signo vinces, a political manifesto (World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists, 1960) [33]
How to get out or stay out of the insane asylum, recounts his experience of being sentenced to thirty days observation [34] (American Nazi Party, 1960)
This time the world, his autobiography (written 1960; White Power Publications, 1979; Liberty Bell Publications, 2004, ISBN 1-59364-014-5).
White Power (written 1967; John McLaughlin, 1996, ISBN 0-9656492-8-8)

References
^ The statistics used in the study and