CKLN-FM Mind Control Series -- Part 1

The CIA and Military Mind Control Research:
Building the Manchurian Candidate

A lecture by Dr. Colin Ross

Back to CKLN Series Table of Contents

CKLN-FM 88.1 Toronto - International Connection Mar 16, 23, 30, 1997

Wayne Morris:

Good morning, welcome to International Connection. It's a very special show this morning. This is the beginning of a journey we are about to take on this programme. A journey into a gruesome world of mind control experiments by government-financed doctors in Canada and the United States. Inhuman experiments performed on humans, children for the most part. For the next 8 months on the show we will be airing interviews with survivors of mind control experiments and ritual abuse, lectures and interviews with therapists, researchers, and writers who are dealing with the legacy of mind control.

Specifically we'll be looking at the documented history of U.S. CIA and military mind control experimental programs. Also the struggles of survivors to get compensation from the CIA and the Canadian government in particular govt-funded mind control experiments at McGill University under Dr. Ewen Cameron. We'll be hearing the accounts of survivors of horrific experiments involving electroshock, drugs, brain implants, sensory deprivation, psychic driving, forced sleep, ritual and sexual abuse. We'll also be discussing the military and intelligence uses of mind control including theft, assassination, and sexual blackmail using child victims. We'll be talking about the uses of creating MPD in people for mind control programming and its links to the MP effects of ritual abuse. We'll be discussing with therapists to talk about the effects of severe trauma, sexual abuse, recovered memories and the 'False Memory Syndrome'

Many people listening may be aware of Dr. Cameron's projects at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal but this wasn't the only location. The experimental projects were carried out all across Canada and of course in the United States.

The first segment of this radio series Mind Control in Canada features a lecture by Dr. Colin Ross to colleagues about the history of the U.S. CIA and military mind control programs. Dr. Ross is a Canadian psychiatrist specializing in MPD currently practicing in Texas. He has researched this subject for many years and is currently writing a book about mind control. He has obtained thousands of CIA documents through the Freedom of Information Act and through these documents, Dr. Ross is able to prove the US government has been using MPD and Manchurian Candidates operationally since WWII.. and it doesn't stop there.

This lecture is part one of three one-hour segments to kick off this radio series Mind Control in Canada on 88.1 CKLN.

And now Dr. Colin Ross:

[Dr. Colin Ross, M.D.
The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building the Manchurian Candidate
Lecture given at 9th Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18, 1996, Orange County, California]

I'm very very happy that you are all here. This is the first time that I have talked on this stuff in public, and the problem was that Kevin made a little mistake on the schedule. He didn't get the title quite right. This is actually a performance art piece. It's entitled: "Psychiatrist Trying to Stay Calm and Casual". But before we go any further, by the way, there are a couple of messages here for people who are supposed to call home: William C. Hollinger (if he's here) - he's supposed to call his lab in Pittsburgh. L. Wilson Green, you're supposed to call your lab at Edgeware Arsenal. And Ewen Cameron, there's a message to call Leonard in Montreal. So why is it I am talking about this, and what is it I am trying to say here? Well, one explanation is no one has the faintest idea what I am talking about and I am here talking about it because I am a little wacky. Hopefully by the end of the day, that won't be the conclusion. However, that is a conclusion that unhappily is in print in various esteemed locations such as the British Journal of Psychiatry, Esquire Magazine, and Richard's Ofshe's book, and a CBC film. It's been a very curious experience to go through this little journey that Kevin just alluded to, which is the same journey that we have all gone through if we have heard this from patients. It's starts off back in the remote past, 1981-85, when I am a psychiatric resident. I mentioned yesterday that in four years of medical school and four years of residency, I have had more multiple choice questions on Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, which just to remind you, as you all know, is an inherited deficiency of enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosltransferase-I had more questions on that syndrome in my four years of medical school and four years of psychiatric residency than on childhood sexual abuse, and more teaching. So then somewhere in the course of the residency I get up to speed on dissociative disorders and connect them to childhood abuse and read up on the literature and get a little bit grounded, and the avalanche of MPD cases starts for me in late 1985 into 1986, and I think I have kind of (a little bit) got what's going on and some person comes in and starts telling me about their father was killed by the Mafia and they were taken to a child prostitution brothel and then they were involved in satanic ritual stuff. So I go "Gee", no books, no literature, nobody ever heard of it, nobody talks about it, totally in outer space, no idea what to do, which way to turn. I go to the Eastern Regional Conference, go to Chicago, find out a little bit, start getting a little bit grounded and the first couple of cases, my personal reaction is, "Gawh!" - this sure sounds real, could be real, it's pretty scary. Wonder if I should let my kids out on Halloween or not. And then the sort of basic experience is whatever percent of SRA is actually real, it is clear that we got into some sort of hysteria wave in society in general, and in the profession, and a lot of people went a bridge or two too far on their journey, and we had to reign ourselves back in. So the time course now is, in my training, there is no sexual abuse at all. It doesn't exist. It's not relevant because it doesn't exist. Then it goes to, well, it exists, but it's not really all that relevant and then there's these sorts of outlaw gadfly sort of people who are into dissociative disorders who aren't accepted by the mainstream. Then the dissociative disorders people from a foundation of reality that was hidden go off into outer space on this-it wasn't alien abductions, but it was still outer space-on this ritual abuse stuff. Then they sort of come back to earth and get a little bit grounded-and the next thing you know it's all this government experiments, mind control stuff. So if you follow the pattern, what should be the case is just another hysteria wave. And the more you look at it, the more it will just dissolve, and we will all settle down and forget about it. Well the pattern didn't work. Because when I systematically started looking into CIA military mind control, the more I looked, the more solid reality there was there. And as you will see as we go through these slides, and through this talk, it's a completely different deal from SRA. Somewhere out there in the justice system, there may actually be objective evidence where somebody has actually busted a SRA cult. If there is, that information is not generally publicly available to us. It is a fact that we have not nailed down human ritual sacrifice cults in North America if they exist. So it's all conjecture. Today I will prove to you, completely locked down, documented, proven, beyond dispute discussion that intelligence agencies have been creating Manchurian candidates and MPD for operational use since the Second World War. This is not a conspiracy theory. This is a fact. Now that's very amazing because if you took an opinion poll of all the psychiatrists in the American Psychiatric Association today-or you took the same poll five years ago -- 99.999% ... over 99% of the psychiatrists would say "it's fiction, we know the movie is fiction, Frank Sinatra did a good job, but there's just no way, it's absolutely impossible." (There might be two outlaw psychiatrists in the whole group who would say that it's possible that Manchurian candidates are real.) This is a very, very strange phenomena that actually in 1996 this is a completely documented fact-it's a very strange sociological little development in the field of psychiatry. How could that be possible? Well I'm going to try and explain how it's possible. So that's "what" I am going to talk about. Also I am going to talk about not just creating Manchurian candidates, but the whole network of mind control doctors that is involved in this and supports this-this kind of old boys' network that maintains all of this. And you will see a whole bunch of slides with godzillian interconnections that I will go into in detail. And every one of those steps - unless I otherwise specify - is completely documented. Absolutely objective in full. So there is something real peculiar about the whole story. It's a very strange story. It tells us that there is something going on in our culture and in the mental health field that is hidden and secret. This is another kind of incest secret in the field of psychiatry that all of these people who have been running psychiatry in the latter half of the 20th century are either directly or loosely connected to a whole huge universe of covert hidden secretly funded mind control research, and as I emphasized, that's a fact. Now why should we be talking about that at this conference? Well it's obvious. If in fact experimental MPD has been created and has been tight and hard and real enough for operational use by intelligence agencies for the last 50 years, then it is something of interest to the dissociative disorders field. This is profound evidence in favour of the iatrogenic pathway to DID that I talked about this morning. When I combine the expert witness experience that I have had at clinically created iatrogenic DID using the techniques of destructive psychotherapy cults in the course of persuasion, as I described this morning-when I take that expert witness evidence and see those cases created out of a base of no pre-existing DID and then I go to this CIA military mind control literature, my only possible conclusion is yes, you can create full tilt DID artificially from ground zero. Also I have to conclude that you can create any degree of complexity, permutations of false memory that you want. There is absolutely no limit on the quantity, complexity, reality, congruence, plausibility of false memories that you can insert in somebody's mind-wittingly or unwittingly. So-they didn't tell me that in medical school. This is a little sub paradigm revolution in the DID field. There is a huge wealth of information, experimental information, clinical anecdotal information, and operational street smarts knowledge of DID that's been up and running and full tilt in the mental health field for 50 years now. This did not spring out of nowhere in 1980, and we are missing a ton of experimental research data that's still classified that bears directly on this false memory debate that is going on in our society now. And you will see some of the players in this whole scenario of interesting people. (If we could put the slide projector on)

Every slide that I will show you is in your handout packet, so you don't have to take notes. Anybody who is listening to the tape-there are also a few examples of the documents. If you want that information, you can call me at Charter Hospital at 1-800-255-3312 and we can just mail that to you. The first point is that there are a lot of documented declassified mind control research programs that are completely objectively proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. I have a lot of this material and some I have on order. This is CIA now. Bluebird and Artichoke were two programs that ran from 1951-53 and I will read you some stuff from Artichoke in a minute. These were then rolled over into MKULTRA which ran from 1953 to 1963 and then there are 149 sub-projects that you will see a listing of in a second. That was then administratively rolled over into MKSEARCH which ran until 1973. Contiguously with that, and in collaboration with Edgeware Arsenal, MKNAOMI which involved MKULTRA, ARTICHOKE and BLUEBIRD type research done abroad and nationally ran from 1953 to 1970. This involves all kinds of hallucinogens, hypnosis and so on that I will go into in detail. STARGATE just recently declassified E.S.P., paranormal, remote viewing military uses of telekinesis type research that was done from an uncertain start date up until 1984. Bill Gates, former Director of the CIA on ABC's Dateline in December of 1995 said that it ran up until 1984. They had one of the academic contractors to STARGATE on the show and they had the man whose job was CIA oversight of military experimentation under STARGATE. So this really went on, they really used psychics operationally and they believed in it enough to keep spending millions of dollars on it for several decades probably. Now when you read all the Senate materials from the 1970's and you read all the existing literature, the claim of the intelligence community was that all this mind control research was stopped in 1973 due to Senate oversight and so on. One of the MKULTRA sub-projects is on the paranormal, esp and using esp for covert operations purposes. That element of MKULTRA didn't stop in 1973. We now know from the CIA itself that it ran on until 1984. So we know for a fact that at least that element of this mind control research program that was said to have stopped in 1973, continued to 1984. My position is that it is simply implausible that this stuff isn't ongoing up to the present.

You can see from this list (Projects Chatter, Often, Derbyhat, Third Chance, Chickwit, MKDelta and QK Hilltop) that there was a large number of different programs in the 1950's, 60's and 70's ... all of which have a just a little tidbit of information about them. Most of the actual documents and so on, nobody has either reviewed or obtained through the Freedom of Information Act yet. So this is a huge amount of, as yet still classified information. Now we are going to give you a smattering run-through of the institutions that were sites for MKULTRA research. In MKULTRA there were 149 different sub-projects and these were not in obscure little corners of the world. This is the American Psychological Association, this is the Butler Hospital Health Centre which is part of Harvard, Children's International Summer Village ... this is a charming place ... this is a project involving a study of children at an international summer camp aged 11 and the study of how children who don't share a common language communicate and in the CIA report it states that the investigator was unwitting of the fact that it was CIA funding and the purpose of the CIA in these 11 year olds was that they might possibly identify promising young foreign nationals for future use by the Agency. Columbia University, Cornell, Denver, Emory, Florida, George Washington, Harvard. This will give you a feel for who is involved in this stuff. Houston, Illinois, Indiana Universities, Johns Hopkins, Eli Lilly was the big supplier of LSD to the CIA. Those of you who can remember the sixties might remember the "House of the Rising Sun" by the British rock group, The Animals. They had a song called "The Girl Named Sandoz". Sandoz was the employer of Hoffman who discovered LSD in the forties, and Sandoz was the original supplier of LSD to the CIA and the military in the 1950's and they wanted a secure American supplier so they contracted with Eli Lilly to become the developer. University of Minnesota, New Jersey Reformatory, Bordentown in Tennessee ... Ohio, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State, Princeton, Stanford, a couple of universities in Texas, Wisconsin, the Bureau of Narcotics, a prison, a narcotics farm. So these contracts ... McGill, NIH, NIMH, National Philosophical Society ... everything and everybody gets in on the act a little. NRC. So these were all of the major players in North American psychiatry and psychology who were receiving this kind of funding. Office of Naval Research ... which you are going to see multiple times on the slides. Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology ... all kinds of different agencies and groups. MKSEARCH was the one that MKULTRA was rolled into. It ran from 1963 to 1973. Again Bureau of Narcotics, New Jersey Neuropsychiatric which is also an MKULTRA site which I will talk about in more detail. Vacaville State Prison which you are going to hear a whole bunch about. Now BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE which were 1951-53 ... institutions there include the Bureau of Narcotics, Cornell, Eli Lilly again, NIH, Public Health Service, University of Minnesota ... you get the idea. Now what about the proven identity of some of the actual contractors? The terminology here is ... we've got the contractor and we've got the sub-project number and I have most of the sub- contract files. Security status ... TS means top secret cleared, UW means unwitting because this money was usually put through a funding front and you will see a slide showing how that was all organized so a person could get money through a CIA funding front and genuinely not know it was CIA money. They would just think it was another Foundation. Most of the people you haven't heard of like James Hamilton, Harold Abramson, Carl Pfeiffer, but you will hear more about them later today. Some of these people might sound a little familiar ... Louis Jolyon West at UCLA, Ewen Cameron who was at McGill, he's been written about a lot, and yes this is Carl Rogers of Rogerian psychotherapy fame. He was actually a spook psychiatrist with top secret clearance who was on the Advisory Board of one of the funding fronts and received funding for psychotherapeutic research on schizophrenia. It's a very funny thing that Mr. Friendly Carl was in the network. Martin Orne, you will hear a lot about him. These people were at University of Oklahoma. They were doing research on street gangs. Four of the MKULTRA sub-projects were on children and all of the investigators for those were UW unwitting. Martin Orne's top secret clearance status. Maitland Baldwin who did stuff on monkey brains. George White was a CIA career officer who constructed safe houses in San Francisco and New York where people were recruited in off the streets to have sex with prostitutes and were given LSD and other drugs without their knowing it. The rationale for this was that they were attempting to study reaction of unwitting subjects in civilian settings to mind control drugs. An alternative hypothesis to this was that they were actually testing Manchurian candidate prostitute performance. Harold Wolff was at Cornell. Raymond Prince I have corresponded with. He was UW unwitting. He did research among the Aruba in Nigeria on their folk healing practices. R. Gordon Watson-I was a little bit unhappy to see him on the list, but relieved to see he was unwitting because I read a book of his called "SOMA: Divine Mushrooms of Immortality" ... a very interesting book on Fly Agrate which is the little red toadstool with the white flakes on it. The use of that by circumpolar shamans has a very interesting history. John Mulholland is actually a magician. When you go through these documents, all these names are whited out. You have to piece it together from here and there. It's a great big story trying to track it all down. Except they goofed it up. John Mulholland was not whited out once. When you get a file on one of these sub-projects, there is usually a page in there that has standardized wording about no individuals associated with this project are witting or so and so whose name is whited out has top secret clearance and is aware of agency involvement. There's somebody you have probably heard of. His name is B.F. Skinner. I am still doing some of the archival research to find out what his sub-project number is, and what his security status is but I would suspect it will turn out to be top secret. Just before we get to that slide, I am going to read you some material, some of which is in your handout. As you can see, these slides are going to show you an awful lot of connections between an awful lot of different things here. You get the gist ... there were a lot of different sub-projects, a lot of different investigators all over mainstream academia. Now I am going to jump to proving to you that MPD has been created by the CIA and the military since WWII. The first stop off point is at the back of your series of handouts there. It's a publication called "Science Digest, April 1971", the author is G.H. Estabrooks. The article is called "Hypnosis Comes of Age". When you go to page 48, I am going to read this out loud for the benefit of people listening to this on tape. He's now writing, in 1971, and says the following: "One of the most fascinating but dangerous applications of hypnosis is its use in military intelligence. This is a field with which I am familiar through formulating guidelines for the techniques used by the United States in two world wars." (Ross: For those of you who are not history buffs, that means at least back to 1914.) "Communication in war is always a headache. Codes can be broken. A professional spy may or may not stay bought. Your own man may have unquestionable loyalty but his judgment is always open to question. The "hypnotic courier" on the other hand, provides a unique solution. I was involved in preparing many subjects for this work during World War II. One successful case involved an Army Service Corps Captain whom we'll call George Smith. Captain Smith had undergone months of training. He was an excellent subject but did not realize it. I had removed from him, by post-hypnotic suggestion, all recollection of ever having been hypnotized. First I had the Service Corps call the captain to Washington and tell him they needed a report on the mechanical equipment of Division X headquartered in Tokyo. Smith was ordered to leave by jet next morning, pick up the report and return at once. These orders were given him in the waking state. Consciously, that was all he knew, and it was the story he gave his wife and friends. Then I put him under deep hypnosis, and gave him-orally-a vital message to be delivered directly on his arrival in Japan to a certain colonel-let's say his name was Brown-of military intelligence. Outside of myself, Colonel Brown was the only person who could hypnotize Captain Smith. This is "locking". (Ross: I have had patients talk to me about "locking".) I performed it by saying to the hypnotized Captain: 'Until further orders from me, only Colonel Brown and I can hypnotize you. We will use a signal phrase 'the moon is clear'. Whenever you hear this phrase from Brown or myself you will pass instantly into deep hypnosis.' When Captain Smith re-awakened, he had no conscious memory of what happened in trance. All that he was aware of was that he must head for Tokyo to pick up a division report. On arrival there, Smith reported to Brown, who hypnotized him with the signal phrase. Under hypnosis, Smith delivered my message and received one to bring back. Awakened, he was given the division report and returned home by jet. There I hypnotized him once more with the signal phrase, and he spieled off Brown's answer that had been dutifully tucked away in his unconscious mind. The system is virtually foolproof. As exemplified by this case, the information literally was "locked" in Smith's unconscious for retrieval by the only two people who knew the combination. The subject had no conscious memory of what happened, so couldn't spill the beans. No one else could hypnotize him even if they might know the signal phrase. Not all applications of hypnotism to military intelligence are as tidy as that. Perhaps you have read 'The Three Faces of Eve'. (Ross: Now here he makes a scholarly mistake because he's talking about Morton Prince's "The Dissociation of a Personality" but he refers to the book "The Three Faces of Eve".) The book was based on a case reported in 1905 by Dr. Morton Prince of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard. He startled everyone in the field by announcing that he had cured a woman named Beauchamp of a split personality problem. Using post-hypnotic suggestion to submerge an incompatible, childlike facet of the patient, he'd been able to make two other sides of Mrs. Beauchamp compatible, and lump them together in a single cohesive personality. Clinical hypnotists throughout the world jumped on the multiple personality bandwagon as a fascinating frontier. By the 1920's, not only had they learned to apply post-hypnotic suggestion to deal with this weird problem, but also had learned how to split certain complex individuals (Ross: a very interesting phrase) into multiple personalities like Jeckyll-Hydes. The potential for military intelligence has been nightmarish. During World War II, I worked this technique with a vulnerable Marine lieutenant I'll call Jones. Under the watchful eye of Marine Intelligence, I split her personality into Jones A and Jones B. Jones A, once a "normal" working Marine, became entirely different. He talked communist doctrine and meant it. He was welcomed enthusiastically by communist cells, was deliberately given a dishonorable discharge by the Corps, which was in on the plot, (Ross: that's called "sheep-dipping", that's the technical term for that) and became a card-carrying party member. The joker was Jones B, the second personality, formerly apparent in the conscious Marine. Under hypnosis, this Jones had been carefully coached by suggestion. Jones B was the deeper personality, knew all the thoughts of Jones A, was a loyal American and was "imprinted" to say nothing during conscious phases. All I had to do was hypnotize the whole man, get in touch with Jones B, the loyal American, and I had a pipeline straight into the Communist camp. It worked beautifully for months with this subject, but the technique backfired. While there was no way for an enemy to expose Jones' dual personality, they suspected it, and played the same trick on us later. Now the only question becomes 'is Estabrooks some sort of kook'? Maybe he didn't really do this, maybe he's grandiose, or delusional, or just bullshitting, or whatever. So let's take a look at who G.H. Estabrooks is. How are we going to do that? We are going to talk to a JFK assassination researcher who tells us that Estabrooks' personal papers are all at Colgate College in Hamilton in Upper State New York-that there's a whole bunch of boxfulls of all his personal papers, his correspondence, his files, and so on. So what we will do is send our secretary up there for five days to go through those 17 boxes which are un-indexed, un-researched and unpublished in any form and then we will request a bunch of that material to be photocopied and we will bring it back to our office in Richardson, Texas -- we will look at it, and then we will talk about it in Orange County, California later on. What we find is G.H. Estabrooks was born in Newfoundland in Canada-so he is already suspect because he is Canadian. He is not really too dumb, he's a Rhodes Scholar. He ends up studying, I am pretty sure, under Gardner Murphy at Harvard, takes a Ph.D. and spends really his entire adult professional career at this obscure Colgate College in Upper State New York. So is he just an isolated kook, or is he connected in any way? Well as I am going through all this military mind control research in the library, I am aware that Martin Orne, who we will get to in a while, is one of the people I want to focus in on. And I notice in one of Martin Orne's papers that he has referenced G.H. Estabrooks' 1942 textbook, which I have read, where he describes creating Manchurian candidates for the military, so I know that Martin Orne is aware of G.H. Estabrooks' claim to have created MPD. Can I establish any better connection than that? Well lo and behold I find that G.H. Estabrooks edited a book to which Martin Orne contributed a chapter. So now, Martin Orne is totally connected into the whole picture as you will see later, but if you go to a couple of pages ahead of that material which I just read, you will see a letter from G.H. Estabrooks dated August 22, 1961: "Dear Martin, I am sending to thee a special delivery, one halo - pure gold, one pair of wings which you can try on for size, and a credit card for use in the hereafter. Your article is, of course, excellent. Upon receipt of your letter, I immediately called Mittendorff, and he informed me before I could even broach the subject that they would of course grant your request for reprints. Some day I am going to have myself examined and find out why I do not consider these matters before I embarrass my friends. By the way, I will be at the APA meetings on Friday and Saturday, September 1st and 2nd, then I will have to whip back here and head south. If at all possible, I will be up at the Biltmore. If you and Ron (which is Ron Shore?) are anywhere in the vicinity, let us sit down and yack at each other. I am not overlooking the fact that our meeting at Cambridge with yourself and Ron sort of crystallized an idea in my mind. I had a wonderful month's vacation in Canada - Toronto, Ottawa, Quebec City, Murray Basin(?)sp, St. John, N.B., and home - and we particularly liked the French country. My wife's native language is French, although she speaks Italian, English and German as well. I find that with her along, the red carpet is literally rolled out and we see corners of the back country where they would set the dogs on me if I happened to turn up alone. Thank you tremendously. Hope to see you at the APA. My best regards to Ron." So it seems these guys knew each other.

Now if you turn over to the next page, Colgate University Symposium on Hypnosis, April 1 and 2, 1960 in Hamilton, New York, opening address by G.H. Estabrooks, Chairman. The papers are E. R. Hilgard, author of the NeoDissociation Book which is a foundation of the entire field here, member of the DSM IV Dissociative Disorders Committee, Ron Shore, frequent co-author with Martin Orne, Gorton (I don't know), C.M.R. Fisher, I have seen his name going through different stuff, Wolberg, I have seen his name around, the behavioural guy I think, Martin Orne, G.H. Estabrooks, Oh who's that guy? Oh, Milton Erickson? Yeah, I've heard of him. So ... this G.H. Estabrooks is not just some isolated kook. He is a pretty connected in, well-known guy and all the luminaries in hypnosis in this part of the 20th century know him personally, are corresponding with him on a friendly basis and are coming to workshops he put on and publishing books he has edited. So much for the isolated kook theory. Well, maybe he was just kind of bragging a bit, and he wasn't really connected to the military. Well. Bad news. A couple of pages back, you see on stationery of the War Department, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D.C., dated February 20, 1942 the name of George H. Estabrooks, Nature of Action, Accepted Appointment. Expert Consultant to the Secretary of War without other compensation with the payment of actual transportation expenses and not to exceed $10 per diem in lieu of subsistence and other expenses. So he definitely had a Military Intelligence appointment in the Second World War. Turn over the next page. Now we've got Navy Department, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.  From the Director of Naval Research Laboratory to Professor G.H. Estabrooks via Inspector of Naval Materials, Syracuse, New York. Subject: Information on Military Uses of Hypnosis; Request for: enclosed three copies of receipt for classified matter and return addressed envelope. "The Naval Research Laboratory has received a request for information regarding the possible military uses of hypnosis. This request comes from a Naval Officer who is primarily interested in hypnosis as a possible facilitator of training, but also wishes to know about any other uses which may have been tested. Members of the Psychology Branch of this Laboratory have discussed the matter informally with several psychologists versed in hypnosis, including Dr. Robert White of Harvard University. (Ross: which is where Martin Orne did his residency.) Dr. White thought that you had done some experimental work on a person during the war and requested that the Naval Research Laboratory communicate with you. If you have done any work along this line, would you please let us know the purpose and results of your investigations. We have been unable to find any mention of such a project in the Washington files of the Armed Services, and so we must trouble you directly for information. Thank you for your consideration at this enquiry." So we know that we've got very secret documents which are not readily available to the usual classified Military personnel looking through their own filing system. So we know he's not an isolated kook. We know he had a Military appointment. We know he's connected in with all the major hypnotists and we know that he's claiming from 1943 through 1971 to have created Manchurian candidates successfully for operational use during WWII. Is there any other correspondence that might bear on the reality of his claims? Well, there's a whole bunch of correspondence back and forth spanning the 1930's to the 1960's (that is, spanning four decades) between him and some guy called J. Edgar Hoover. So you'll see on Federal Bureau of Investigation stationery, July 12, 1939: "Dear Dr. Estabrooks: Permit me to acknowledge receipt of your letters of June 19th and 27th and July 6th, 1939. I read with great interest the hypothesis which you put forward concerning the sinking of submarines. I realize of course (Ross: and this was the Military use of hypnosis scheme for sinking submarines) that you are only suggesting things that could conceivably happen upon the basis of your experiments and the experiments of others and you are not suggesting that such a situation actually did occur in any of the recent submarine disasters." 1962: "Dear Dr. Estabrooks: Your letter of February 27th with enclosures has been received, and it was good of you to advise me of the Symposium you have scheduled. I appreciate your inviting us to participate; however the pressure of official business will not permit me to designate a representative to attend." Now, in between those two letters, there is massive correspondence back and forth between J. Edgar Hoover and Estabrooks. There are visits of FBI personnel to Estabrooks. There are many Military and FBI psychological warfare personnel attending various workshops and symposia of Estabrooks, and there is overt discussion of offensive uses of hypnosis in clandestine operations. So, from this, I conclude that probably G.H. Estabrooks actually did create MPD in World War II and that an awful lot of people knew about it. Well maybe it was just G.H. Estabrooks and that was the end of the story. We have to have some other body of evidence that indicates that this continued beyond World War II. And this is material that is not in your packet, that's from Operation Artichoke and Bluebird, CIA Mind Control research from 1951-53. I am going to read you some Artichoke and Bluebird documents that were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. A lot of stuff is whited out, so I will just say blank whenever it is necessary to do so. To the Files. On 6th April, 1954, Tuesday, SI&H (Ross: I haven't figured out what SI is, H is hypnosis) Experimentation and Research was carried on in Building 13 with the following subjects present: Mrs. __ , in addition to Misses ______. ______ attended in a consultant capacity. (Ross: one of these Misses was age 19 according to the document). The session opened with slow induction for all hands, and then a subsequent induction for Miss ____ to enable her to reconstruct a strange dream she had had the previous week. This was successful, although in the wake state she could remember no details. The major experiment of this evening was then conducted as follows. Miss ____ was taken to Room 23 under full hypnosis and she was instructed by the writer that she would find a secret document in or on Mr. X at desk in his room. She was told that she was to conceal this document next to her person and then she was to return to Room 21, Operations Room, pour herself a drink of water which she would find on a bookcase, and then stretch out on the sofa, face down and go into a deep sleep. She was instructed she would not awaken under any circumstances. She was told she would only awaken if somebody whispered to her a specific code word and would recall nothing except sleeping on the couch. Miss ____ performed the entire test in exact as detail outlined above and had no subsequent memory whatsoever of any of this activity. During the experiment Miss ____ was taken to the same room and she was told that a person whom she had never seen had taken a secret document from the Agency. She was told that this person or suspected person had been given a drug and was unconscious on the sofa in Room 21. She was told she was to enter the room and find the document which would probably be on the person on the sofa. She was given specific instructions that she must locate the document. She was told that if she found the document, she was to conceal it on her person and return to Room 23, sit in the chair, and go at once into a deep sleep. She was further told that she would have no memory other than falling asleep. Miss ____ complied in specific detail and immediately discovered the document in ____'s sweater sleeve. Miss ____ concealed the document on her person, returned to Room 23 and at once went into a deep sleep. Subsequently she was brought back into the Operations Room and she and _____ were awakened. The experiment was carried off successfully, particularly by _______ with entire amnesia of the work, and cannot even recall it under hypnosis. ____ however was able to remember a certain part, though some of her details seemed vague." Here's another separate Artichoke document. "3. Agents might be given cover stories under hypnosis and not only learn them faultlessly, but believe them. Every detail could be made to sink in. The conviction and apparent sincerity with which an individual will defend a false identity given as post-hypnotic suggestion is almost unbelievable. One's memory for detail under such conditions appears to be boundless. Analogous Case #3. A CIA Security Office employee was hypnotized and given a false identity. She defended it hotly, denying her true name and rationalizing with conviction the possession of identity cards made out to her real self. Later, having had the false identity erased by suggestion, she was asked if she had ever heard of the name she had been defending as her own five minutes before. She thought and shook her head and said, 'That's a pseudo if I ever heard one.' Apparently she had a true amnesia for the entire episode." "4. Hypnosis would make the recruitment and handling of high level political action agents, in particular under ideal control. Convictions could be reinforced, political courses suggested, appointments influenced, and with a really good subject only the imagination and skill of the handling operator and the inherent limitations of hypnosis as a technique would limit the possibilities. Double agents could be both discovered and used with a much higher degree of assurance if hypnotic control sufficient to permit regression were operative. They could be given suggestions which would have the force of true compulsions to tell if approach was made, targets, briefing, true identity, etc. There is also the possibility that such persons could be used under control much stronger than any we now possess." So that's experimental use. It's clearly creation of Manchurian candidates, there is no question whatsoever. This is now in operational use in the United States. This is not Manchurian candidates, but it's the use of sodium amytal and hypnosis for the creation of amnesia barriers and deliberate insertion of false memories. "To Director of Security Via Deputy Director of Security Via Chief Security Research Staff from _____. Subject: Report of Artichoke Operations 20-23 January 1955. Between Thursday 20 January and Sunday 23 January 1955, the Security Office Artichoke Team conducted a special operations _____. In the opinion of Team Members, in this case Officers of the _____, the Artichoke operation was successful. Details follow. It should be noted at this point that because these operations were the first Artichoke Operations undertaken in the USA, which is a violation of the CIA's Charter, the full names of those participating are omitted from this report and will not be revealed without consent of the Security Office. First names, titles, or pseudonyms will be used throughout this report. In view of the highly sensitive nature of the Artichoke techniques and in view of the fact that this was the first Artichoke operation carried out in the USA, the operation was conducted _______. This Safe House is far removed from surrounding neighbours, it is a large tract of land, and is thoroughly isolated. A limited, and security-cleared household staff maintain functions of the House and ____ by unwitting ______ Actual Artichoke operations as usual were carried out in a special area on the second floor of the House, and neither the household staff nor the _____ were permitted in the area during any of the processing. SSD Division furnished one security officer during the entire period of the operation to act as special guard and to handle any unusual situations which arose during the operation. This guard is hereinafter referred to as ____ in this report. For a matter of record, it should be noted that the subject was not a confinement problem, and has been at all times fully cooperative. Guard detail was not present in connection with the subject, except in a general sense. Technical matters in the case were handled entirely by the TBPSD under the personal supervision of _____. Full tape recordings were made of the entire case, and tapes are to be turned over to the participating Division in the immediate future. It should be noted that during this particular operation, a special device was used in conjunction with the recording. This device, which is easily concealable, worked with remarkable efficiency and at no time during the entire recording was there any break due to technical failure. It should al so be noted that a complex two-way transmitting/receiving unit was again used in this Artichoke operation. Cover for the actual operation followed standard procedure. The subject was informed in general terms that before being sent for further work it was necessary that certain tests be made on him physically and psychologically as well as his. Hence a complete physical and psychological/psychiatric examination was acquired. Subject readily accepted this medical cover and the Artichoke technique was introduced easily and with the full consent of the subject. The Case: Prior to the commencement of the actual Artichoke operation, a number of conferences had been held with the various participating personnel involved. All hands had been briefed and procedures had been worked out. A general time schedule was prepared and operating instructions for Artichoke were issued. On the afternoon of the 20th of January the subject and _______ They were met by ________ of the interested Division. Under a covert car subject was taken to the _____, arriving there at approximately 9:30 pm. Prior to this, that is during the day of 20th of January, the technical equipment had been checked out and installed, and _____ had arrived at the covert area at approximately 8 pm for operational purposes. By previous arrangement the _____ was picked up by _____ at approximately 9:30 pm. _____ was brought to the Safe House at 10:50 pm. Shortly after the arrival of ____, a preliminary conference began at approximately 11:10 pm with the subject.

Interrogation lasted until 12:25 am when all except the subject ____ left the Operations Room. Tape recording was cut off at this time. As a result of this interview _____ stated that subject's mental and physical condition was good and noted that the pulse (Ross: which is actually the blood pressure) at 12:25 am was 120/80 (Ross: so these guys are not total wizards). The doctor also commented he had noticed an increased amount of talk after a drink of whiskey and although there was some nervousness present, it was not excessive. _____ stated he had given subject two grams of anibarbitol to the subject to assist him to sleep and it was later confirmed the subject had taken this prior to going to sleep. (Ross: a half a paragraph is whited out.) Because of the successful penetration and because of the extremely high quality of information which the subject was obtaining, the case is regarded as most sensitive and important by the participating Division. Since the subject's information had be en checked and cross-checked many times by the Operating Division's Case Officers, and the Division was of the uniform opinion that the subject was fully legitimate and fully cooperating with our efforts; they however desired Artichoke to give added assurance to the subject's story and to help them determine absolute suitability for further use of the subject in his work. For the record, it should be noted that no polygraph techniques had been applied in this case, since a physical examination by _____ apparently a cleared physician had indicated too much nervousness for successful polygraph testing. Following established patterns using medical cover as explained above, the ____ began a physical and psychological examination at 10 am on the morning of Friday 21 January. This examination continued until l pm when an hour was taken for lunch. At 2 pm _____ again continued the general examination of the subject with _____ being used, as before lunch, as interpreter. This examination lasted until 3 pm when the ____ concluded the first medical session and a portable polygraph was taken in by ____ for the purpose of polygraph testing. (Ross: there's a bunch of blanked out stuff.) On Saturday 22 January 1955 subject had breakfast with ____. At 9:35 am ____ arrived at the Safe House and at 9:45 am ____ arrived. At 10:35 am the subject again, with ____ acting as interpreter, was examined briefly by Dr. ______. At 10:50 am _____ left the operations area and began polygraph testing. This examination lasted until 12:37 pm when it was concluded. (Ross: then it goes on ... I'll skip a little bit.) Subject was taken into the Special Operations Room with only the ____ present and at 2:36 pm the first intravenous infusion began. Slow injections were continued until 2:46 pm when the ____ signaled that the subject was fully affected by the chemicals and at this time special recording and transmitting equipment was brought into the Operations Room. Also at this time ____ left the room and ____ entered. From this point until approximately 4:15 pm when the interrogations ended, Artichoke techniques were applied. These techniques, which followed a previously agreed-upon plan, were in three stages: (Ross: this is now deliberate implantation of false memories.) A. A fantasy which ______. Results during this phase were good and subject had no control. Time approximately 15-20 minutes. B. A fantasy in which _____. Results were again very good. Time approximately 40-45 minutes. C. Following development of the fantasies as noted above, the subject was more or less directly interrogated by _____, and ____ introduced as _____. Results only fair, although subject had little control. Time approximately 15 minutes. Immediately following the conclusion of the Artichoke treatments, a general conference was held with all hands present. It was agreed at this time that further Artichoke treatments were unnecessary, that results were as conclusive .. that in view of the subject's importance, additional work with chemicals or with the H technique might possibly antagonize the subject, hence would be unwarranted and unwise. Following the conclusion of the general discussion all technical apparatus was removed from the premises, and all participating personnel with the exception of _____ left the area after the ____ had checked the subject. On Sunday 23 January between approximately twelve noon and l:30 pm, the _____ returned to the Safe House and again re-examined the physical and mental condition of the subject. At this time the subject reported he had slept fairly well but he had a persistent headache. The _____ pointed out that the headache was a natural consequence of the "examination" and it would gradually disappear. In addition the ____ wrote a prescription which was to be picked up in another name for future use by the subject as a general sedative. At 1:50 pm approximately _____ left the Safe House and the subject was turned over for handling to Case Officers of his participating Division. CONCLUSIONS: In the opinion of the Artichoke Team the operation was profitable and successful. In this case the subject was aware that he had been given certain types of solutions but as to what he had been given or amounts given, he had no knowledge. Checks were made by ___ and later ____ and apparently indicated that the subject, although not having specific amnesia for the Artichoke treatment, nevertheless was completely confused and his memory was vague and faulty. This vagueness and failure of memory was intensified by the _____ explanation that the subject had been dreaming an opinion which it appeared the subject shared in part." Ross: So that's obviously operational use of sophisticated mind control amnesia inducing and false memory implanting techniques in the USA in the 1950's by the CIA. It's part of a broad program of mind control research, experimentation and operational use which included the creation of Manchurian Candidates. So this is why I say that I conclude that it's an established fact that the CIA and the military have been creating Manchurian Candidates for operational use since World War II at least into the 1950's, and that it's not plausible denial in my mind to claim that it all stopped in 1973. How did this whole network get constructed, and how does it work and how is it supported? We are going to take several steps beyond Oliver Stone in terms of level of conspiracy theory, but that's not the point of the talk. The conspiracy theory is interesting to get into, but what I actually believe is that there isn't a conspiracy. I think that the Intelligence Community itself is a polyfragmented entity with Dissociative Identity Disorder, and that there is no single Executive Host Function. There is no little where everybody has it all planned out and under control. That it works sort of as Neural Network with no Executive Host Function, and that these Old Boys talk to these Old Boys who know this, who don't know this, know that, it's this kind of Network Model and that's what you see on the slide. And all these slides are going to look like this. I am going to walk you now through all these interconnections in this Network as I said all of which are documented, and tell you about some of the history, and talk about some of the ethical problems that arise. As a matter of general background now, this slide is called "Funding Fronts for CIA Mind Control Research". MKULTRA, you have already seen, was from 1953 to 1963. The major funding fronts for MKULTRA were the Human Ecology Foundation that Carl Rogers was on the Board of; the Josiah Macey Jr. Foundation, and the Geshickter Fund. Charles Geshickter was one of the MKULTRA contractors himself. So what happened was the CIA would have its budget who would pop money over to the Human Ecology Foundation ... HEF would put out a call for grants and people would then submit applications. So it looks like a normal funding foundation, and some people were unwitting and just thought they were applying for a grant, and other people knew perfectly well there was a front, the technical terms for these kinds of funds was a "Cutout". HEF, Josiah Macey Jr. and Geshickter were CIA cutouts. This Geshickter Fund was interesting. One of the MKULTRA projects that they funded was the construction of the Gorman Annex at the George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C. You have to remember that the military and the CIA are federal bureaucracies. You anticipate the behaviour of federal bureaucracies in general when you are looking into their history and operations. So what they did was through MKULTRA they funded to Geshickter who then funded out to the contractor money to build the Gorman Annex as an addition to the hospital. Since this was money coming from a private foundation, it generated matching funds from another sector of the federal government. So the CIA got to double its budget by sucking its money out of unwitting civilian areas of the federal purse. What was the Gorman Annex for? It was for mind control experimentation on terminal cancer patients. Three career officers, CIA biochemists, were employed at the Gorman Annex under full cover. This is not completely above board and ethical behaviour. So Carl Rogers who is on the board of the Human Ecology Foundation is himself an MKULTRA contractor and his specific projects have got this MKULTRA grant application ... I've got him on the Board of the HEF, I've got the description of his project that was funded through MKULTRA, and I've got the publication flowing from the project that exactly matches the grant application, and in the published paper, he acknowledges funding from the Human Ecology Foundation. So it's a completely documented closed loop.

Josiah Macey Jr. Foundation. Who was on the Board? An interesting fellow named Daniel X. Friedman. Daniel X. Friedman was the Editor of the Archives of the Journal of Psychiatry from 1970 until his death in 1993. The Archives of the Journal of Psychiatry is the most referenced psychiatric journal in the world, by far. In other words, if you do citation index searches of references of published psychiatry papers, that is it's an indexing of all the published papers in all the psychiatry journals in the world (the number of references to articles published in the Journal of Psychiatry is 7x the number of the next psychiatry journal in the world. So this "the" number one great big place to publish. It is very biomedical reductionist and it's virtually impossible to get a dissociative paper published in there. So these people, like Daniel Friedman, who are in network, are incredibly influential, powerful, controlling people in terms of the history of psychiatry, what gets funded, what gets reviewed, what gets published, who gets appointments, etc etc etc. It's all part of a very powerful tight structured network. MKULTRA connects itself up to Allen Dulles which connects us back to Human Ecology over to Harold Wolff and back to Allen Dulles. How does that work? Allen Dulles was the Director of the CIA from 1953 to 1961. He has the longest-running tenure as DCIA-Director of Central Intelligency Agency. In World War II he was employed by the OSS - Offices of Strategic Services - which is the pre-cursor of the CIA which was run by a guy called Wild Bill Donovan. He was stationed in Switzerland and was heavily involved in, obviously since the enemy was the Germans and the allies were the Russians, in the War he was supposed to be working with the Russians against the Germans which he did. However, when you read the history of the OSS in World War II, in the last years of the War, the Cold War was already being deliberately planned out and set up by the Intelligence Agencies, and it was already apparent to the Intelligence Agencies that things were going to flip - that Germany would become the Allies an d Russia would become the enemy. There was an awful lot of jockeying about whether the Germans were going to surrender in North Italy before the Russians got to Yugoslavia - so there were now negotiations with the Germans - because if they agreed to surrender early - before the Russians got there - then there would be such-and-such a payoff which would secure the area for the Allies so they wouldn't be taken over by the Russians. There was all this jockeying going on, all this intrigue, communications between the OSS and some of Hitler's generals. The arch-enemy spymaster, who Allen Dulles was fighting against was Reinhard Gehlen who was head of German Intelligence in the Eastern Front, which means Russia. At the end of World War II, Allen Dulles recruited Reinhard Gehlen to become the Head of that Division of the CIA's operations against Russia. This is a totally established fact. Harold Wolff who was the Head of the Human Ecology Foundation, was a neurologist at Cornell. When Allen Dulles' son received a head wound in the Korean War, he was brought back to the USA and treated by Harold Wolff. You start to get a feel for why I call this an Old Boys' Network. Let's come down here to MKULTRA-we're over at hallucinogens. A lot of MKULTRA subprojects had to with funding LSD and other hallucinogens. A person who did a lot of hallucinogen research and published a lot of hallucinogen research was Daniel Friedman. Hallucinogen research also connects us down to Loretta Bender. Loretta Bender is the much-revered author of "The Bender Gestalt". Now look at these three names: Loretta Bender, Paul Hawk and Ewen Cameron. You will see that each of these names (they are all supposed to connect to the American Journal of Psychiatry obituaries). Ewen Cameron, Paul Hawk and Loretta had their obituaries in the American Journal of Psychiatry. So these are revered people, who are being honoured posthumously by the flagship Journal of the American Psychiatric Association. It's actually Stella Chess who writes the obituary for Loretta Bender, very glowing, what a wonderful contributor to child psychiatry, what a pioneer ... well, sh e forgot to mention in the obituary - in a publication that I have in my Loretta Bender file that I got from a medical school library - Loretta Bender describes giving 150 mcg per day to children ages 7-11 years for days, weeks, months and in some cases, even years in a row. This would not get through an Ethics Committee. This is discussed at a CIA sponsored symposium on LSD. Paul Hawk, anybody ever hear of a disorder called Borderline Personality Disorder? Hawk and Pollett(sp) in 1949 Psychiatric Quarterly, Pseudo Neurotic Forms of Schizophrenia - these people are on the borderline between neurosis and schizophrenia - we call it pseudoneurotic schizophrenia because they are on the borderline. It's one of the reasons why the word "borderline" caught on.

Well he did hallucinogen research in New York for the military, and it had one unfortunate side effect - he killed Harold Blauer(sp) a tennis pro, in 1953, with an injection of Army mescaline and the family was eventually compensated for that. He's big-time connected into all the hallucinogen research by the military, CIA, and he's at many different CIA-sponsored conferences. Ewen Cameron, former Head of the Quebec Psychiatric Association, the Canadian Psychiatric Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the World Psychiatric Association - in fact, the founder of the World Psychiatric Association - and also one-time President of the Association for Biological Psychiatry. As politically connected a guy as ever existed in the entire field of psychiatry in the 20th Century, with his obituary in the American Journal of Psychiatry, funded through MKULTRA and Human Ecology Foundation, did LSD and other hallucinogen research funded by Canadian military and the CIA and was successfully sued (he had already died) - the CIA settled out of court actually - it wasn't a successful suit technically - with eight of his patients who had been victims of experimentation that was first funded directly by the CIA through the Human Ecology Foundation and then through the Canadian government. One of his papers, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry is on Psychic Driving, another is on Production of Differential Amnesia in Schizophrenia. I interviewed a woman named Linda McDonald, who is identified in public, this is not a problem with violation of her confidentiality, and I have a release to talk about her and write about her - she was 25 years old when she went to McGill to be treated for a relatively mild post-partum depression. She turned 26 during her hospitalization from March to early September, 1963. During the course of her hospitalization, she received 102 ECT treatments, using the Paige-Russell technique, in which the button is pushed 6x per treatment, instead of 1x. She also received about 80 days of barbiturate and neuroleptic induced sleep. During the course of her hospitalization - now, I have not only her testimony I also have the actual medical record, with all of the nursing notes documenting this and Ewen Cameron's signature in the chart. So this is not rumour or patient distortion this is the actual record. And this is work that has been settled out of court by the CIA. She comes in a normal, somewhat depressed person, who on my interview I would say she probably had DDNOS before she was admitted - she gets regressed back to incontinent of urine, incontinent of feces, totally disoriented, unable to state her own name, year, where she is, recognize her children, recognize her husband. She gradually comes out of this. At the time of discharge she is sent home to live with her husband and children, resume normal sexual relations with her husband - she doesn't know how to drive a car, read, cook, use a toilet. Not only does she not know exactly what sex is all about, and she's not exactly sure who her husband is, she doesn't know what the concept of a husband is. She neuropsychologically pulls out of this over months, and several months down the road, she's at the point where a full time homemaker has taught her how to scramble eggs. She was a fully competent housewife and mother before this. When her children go out to play on the street, she is unable to remember 30 seconds later where they are, so she puts a map of the neighbourhood up on the wall and puts pins in the map to keep track of where her kids are playing. Otherwise she goes into a panic and doesn't realize what's going on. By about a year, she appears to have made a full neuropsychological recovery, and when I interview her several years ago in Vancouver, she appears to be neuropsychologically intact and to be suffering from no active psychiatric disorder. The problem is that she can't remember anything from the time she left the hospital back to birth. So this is CIA and Canadian military research to totally wipe out somebody's memory, which is very successful. In the published articles on psychic driving and the creation of differential amnesia and schizophrenia, the claim is that if you have somebody who has been delusional for the past five years, and you give them this "regressive ECT" and regress them down to total infantile incontinence and bring them back up, and while you do that, you play a lot of tape loops (looped statements) over and over and over, hundreds and hundreds of times a day ... they will come back to their normal waking state, and they will have specific amnesia for the time during which they have been delusional and for the delusional material and their schizophrenia will then be cured. So this is very careful, deliberate research to produce specific amnesias, and total global amnesia. We would certainly want to honour that man in the American Journal of Psychiatry. This is how the funding was set up. Let's look at the network for both the creation of Manchurian Candidates and the denial of the existence of Manchurian Candidates. How's that structured? You would think it might be logical to have a disinformation program in place. Like any complex system, it's sort of arbitrary where you enter the system. Let's enter at MKULTRA which we saw is connected to Bluebird and Artichoke - both of those are connected to the CIA. The CIA is highly connected to the military intelligence structurally (committees, cross-references, cooperation in many of these documented mind control research projects). In the Senate Committee Hearings in the 1970's on MKULTRA, John Gittinger who was the head Ph.D. psychologist in MKULTRA testified that the creation of Manchurian Candidates and the movie, The Manchurian Candidate, which were referred to in his testimony, were just fiction, that's ridiculous, and that had never been done. But we see that MKULTRA, on which he was the lead psychologist, was actually an administrative rollover from Bluebird and Artichoke-we have just read material in which they are explicitly describing clear creation of Manchurian Candidates so it's not possible that he didn't know that. The options here are either he was so out of it that he didn't realize that was Manchurian Candidates that were being created there, or he was somehow administratively out of the loop and never even looked at the Bluebird and Artichoke documents which is fairly unbelievable, or it is deliberate disinformation. Let's go from the CIA here over to military intelligence over to Estabrooks. We've got Estabrooks actually creating Manchurian Candidates. So that's Manchurian Candidate creation which goes back to Bluebird and Artichoke. We've got that loop already discussed. Let's hop from CIA to Martin Orne. Well, we saw in the original list of MKULTRA consultants that Martin Orne was funded through that, and had top-secret clearance. When you look at Martin Orne's C.V.-he lists in his C.V. numerous military intelligence funding sources (virtually all branches of the military) and he, in his publications, cites funding by Air Force, Army (I am pretty sure), Office of Naval Research, and Human Ecology. A reliable source informed me that he also consulted with the National Security Agency. He basically has consulted with all branches of the military intelligence and civilian intelligence network. He also has taken the position, since at least 1984 in public, that MPD is almost al ways an iatrogenic artifact . He has debated this vociferously at the APA annual from 1988 on, and has published a large discussion and commentary on this in the International Journal of Clinical Experimental Hypnosis. His basic position is that MPD is created by the therapist. Now why would Martin Orne think this, and believe this, when he is totally connected into military intelligence? He is one of the leading experts in hypnosis, he is a friend and correspondent of and has been edited by and he references G.H. Estabrooks who was also one of the leading hypnosis experts at the same time, who was also tightly tied into military intelligence-and Estabrooks knows those other people like Milton Erickson and Hilgaard(sp) who are all totally interconnected by their common work and references. Well, Martin Orne might believe that all the civilian DID cases are actually iatrogenic DID because that is the universe he has grown up in. He can't step outside his own knowledge of the creation of Manchurian Candidates by the military to conceive of the idea that it might arise naturalistically. So it is basically a project, or lack of intellect. It can't be lack of intellect, because Martin Orne does not lack intellect. The fact that he is too dumb to get it is totally implausible because he's a very bright guy, so that explanation we can rule out. And the other explanation is deliberate disinformation. There is no way to discriminate between those hypotheses or test them with the available data. So Martin Orne says that DID is iatrogenic. Oh, what's this thing over here? FMSF - False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Well, isn't this funny. Martin Orne is on the Scientific Advisory Board of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation and the False Memory Syndrome Foundation clearly promotes the idea that DID is either almost entirely or 100% entirely an iatrogenic artifact. Where does that take us down to? That takes us down to Manchurian Candidate Denial. That is done specifically by Richard Ofshe, who is a Scientific Advisory Board member of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. In his book, "Making Monsters" where he ridicules me as a CIA conspiracy nut who believes that the CIA has been creating MPD (which in fact is a documented fact). Let's skip back to here. We're at the CIA and we're at MKULTRA, we're missing another connection here. It should go MKULTRA to Joly West, but ... the CIA connects to Joly West because he was funded under MKULTRA to study the psychobiology of dissociation. He will probably go down in history as the only person to kill an elephant at Oklahoma City Zoo with LSD. Well, Joly West is going to show up on a bunch of subsequent slides. What we're looking at is two-dimensional slices of a three- or end dimensional space. So you are going to see Joly West connect out to here, and off the screen, and up and down and around the back of the screen, and so on. One place that he connects if from here to here. Now, where did Joly West start off in his professional career? He started off as a Top Secret cleared guy for the Air Force who interviewed the American pilots who came back from Korea having been captured and brainwashed by the Communist Chinese.

These were people who were real good Americans, who were flying jets who were shot down by the Communist enemy who went to prison as POW's and came back as Communists. Have we ever heard of anything like this before in our lives? This is the creation of a new identity and suppression of the old identity and all its allegiances through mind control coercive persuasion techniques. These American pilots were Manchurian Candidates of a sort, without full amnesia for the previous identity. So they were kind of a DDNOS level Manchurian Candidate as opposed to a full level DID Manchurian Candidate, and Jolyn West was one of the guys who interrogated them, understood them, wrote about them, and wrote about how to arm future military personnel against such interrogation. Robert Lifton also had Top Secret Clearance from the Air Force to interview these downed American pilots, and there are several other people in the group there, including Margaret Singer, who wrote the book, "Cults in Our Midst" which I talked about as the foundation of the iatrogenic pathway to DID. She had Top Secret Clearance to interview these pilots as well. Margaret Singer publishes with Joly West, and Margaret Singer publishes with Richard Ofshe, who is an expert on coercive mind control and cult persuasion techniques. So that's real funny. Let's go from Military Intelligence over to False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Who is that guy? Oh ... it says Paul McHugh(sp). Who is Paul McHugh? He is the guy who is Chairman of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins who says that 100% of cases of DID are iatrogenic and says that all the DID Units should shut down, and he is on the Advisory Board of the FMSF. He connects to DID as iatrogenic, he connects to Johns Hopkins as the Chairman of Psychiatry. He connects over to Walter Reed Hospital because when he was in the military he did research connected to Walter Reed Hospital that is listed in his c.v. which is a major site for military intelligence work, and is directly connected into the mind control network. Now why do I have Johns Hopkins connected to MKULTRA? Because a prior Chairman of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins named James Whitehorn was on the Advisory Board of the Human Ecology Foundation. He had Top Secret Clearance and was Witting. The Human Ecology Foundation was actually a funding front for MKULTRA. So one of his immediate predecessors was directly in network with Top Secret Clearance. The research in his c.v. - and I haven't actually got the papers out and read it - that he did in the military doesn't look like mind control research. But then the whole question becomes, what are the hypotheses that account for his behaviour? Here we have an apparently relatively bright guy who is the Head of the Department at one of the leading medical schools in the world, who just doesn't get it, he thinks that all DID is iatrogenic. Is this because he is not smart enough? Doesn't seem to be a plausible explanation. Well, is it because of some sort of peculiarity of his personal experience in his psychology that we don't know about? Maybe. Maybe it's disinformation. No way to know, no way to prove it one way or another. But this is the network for the creation and the denial of the creation of the Manchurian Candidate. It is a very funny little network. Let's take a look, since we are all into FMSF here, let's take a look at the relations between the Cult Awareness Network and the FMSF Scientific Advisory Board. This is going to start taking us out beyond Oliver Stone. Oliver Stone would say, no this is too much, I am not making a movie about this. There's still hope that we could land at the X-Files though.

CAN means the Cult Awareness Network, CIA means the Central Intelligence Agency, and FMSF means the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Joly West is on the Boards of CAN and FMSF and is connected to the CIA. Margaret Singer is connected to Joly West and Richard Ofshe. Margaret Singer and Joly West are on the Board of CAN and Richard Ofshe is on the Board of FMSF. Joly West and Margaret Singer worked for Air Force Intelligence talking to those downed American pilots who were actually DDNOS level Manchurian Candidates. Leo Ryan, and we're going to hear a bunch about Jonestown in a minute, is the Congressman who was killed at the airport in Jonestown at the same time as the mass suicide there, which was not actually a suicide. His daughter, Patricia Ryan, is very active in CAN and recently received a Leo Ryan Award, so Leo Ryan connects to Jonestown, Jonestown connects up to the CIA through that loop because CAN is interested in destructive cults and coercive persuasion, and I am going to show you on subsequent slides the connections between Jonestown and the CIA. Jonestown connects down to obviously expertise in cult coercive persuasion techniques. Jim Jones was a big expert. That takes us back up to Joly West, Margaret Singer, Richard Ofshe, Air Force Intelligence, the CIA. So all this interconnects here. Who is this guy Robert Heath? Well, we are going to see him in a future slide too. My secretary has actually interviewed him, and I might go down and interview him myself at Tulane in New Orleans. He did brain electro implant research for the CIA and he would put brain electrodes in human brains for non-therapeutic purposes, and he would pour in psyllicibin(sp), mescaline, LSD, and other chemicals to see what would go tingle-tingle in the electrodes. And I will tell you more about that. He's funded by the CIA and the military. In one of his papers, he thanks Harold Lief for referring in one of his brain electrode implant research subjects. Harold Lief is on the Advisory Board of the FMSF, and in fact, was personal psychiatrist to the Freyd family. So all these guys know each other. I'm just giving you kind of a sketch of how this thing is constructed. Now let's take a step beyond Oliver Stone. This is the connections between Jonestown and the CIA. This is based on references, I think they are on the next slide. The centre of the slide refers to talking about the CIA with its interests in mind control. Now according to this book, "Was Jonestown a CIA Medical Experiment?" by Michael Myers, according to him, Jonestown was a CIA medical experiment. It was a mind control research site. So that seems preposterous and impossible to believe. What data and circumstantial evidence add up to that conclusion? Well, we know that Leo Ryan was connected to the CIA. How do we know that? Well, let's take a look over here in our package. Here we have a letter from the Deputy Director of the CIA dated 18 October 1978. To Honorable Leo Ryan, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.: "Dear Mr. Ryan: Thank you for your letter of 27 September to Admiral Turner requesting confirmation or denial of the fact that the CIA experiments using prisoners at the California Medical Facility at Vacaville. MK Search Site Principal Investigator, James Hamilton. It is true that CIA sponsored tests involving volunteer inmates was conducted at that facility. The project was completed in 1968. A report setting forth the details of that testing has been released to the authorities at Vacaville and to the public. It is enclosed for your information and review ....... The research was related to learning enhancement using a well known non-hallucinogen, magnesium pemaline (Ross: which is psiler [sp] used for ADD). Your letter referred to Donald Defreeze known as Cinque and Clifford Jefferson, both of whom were inmates at Vacaville. Insofar as our reports reflect the names of the participants, there is nothing to indicate that either was in any way involved in the project. You may wish to cont act the authorities at Vacaville for further information." So Leo Ryan was corresponding directly with the CIA about some of its mind control research. He was also the father of pending legislation, by which all CIA covert operations would be subject to direct Congressional oversight from a budgetary point of view. {Ross: I haven't got Charles Manson connected in. You have to go a long way out there to get all these connections. Is Charles Manson in Vacaville? Oh, I didn't know that's where he was. Okay, well I'm going to tell you a bunch about Vacaville, so it's not surprising that he's at Vacaville.) So Leo Ryan is really pestering the CIA to get all their covert operations under direct funding oversight and budgetary control of Congress. He is bugging the CIA about their mind control research. He has found out that Donald Defreeze was at Vacaville at the same time it was a research site, we are seeing another document saying that is MKSearch and the investigator is James Hamilton, who had Top Secret Clearance. Also Leo Ryan was involved in Jones town, because he was killed at the airport. Well that's very funny. How does Leo Ryan connect down to Patty Hearst? Patty Hearst was captured by the Symbionese Liberation Army, which was headed by Donald Defreeze whose code name was Cinque. She was found guilty. She was actually a Manchurian Candidate, a DDNOS level Manchurian Candidate, who was captured, if you don't remember the story, she was the daughter of William Randolph Hearst who ran the San Francisco Chronicle who was running a whole lot of critical articles about the People's Temple - Jim Jones' cult while it was still in Ukiah, California. His daughter, Patty Hearst, who was a college student, was captured by the SLA at gunpoint with submachine guns, kept locked in a closet for 42 days, and subjected to very systematic coercive, persuasive brainwashing and mind control techniques, until she adopted a new identity named "Tanya" and lost all emotional connectedness to her prior life and her parents. She participated in the robbing of a bank and was found guilty. The Free Patty Hearst Movement was headed by Leo Ryan, who was very active in getting clemency for her from the President. How does Patty Hearst connect to Donald Defreeze? Well, he captured her. How does Donald Defreeze connect to Vacaville? Well he was at Vacaville as a prisoner. What is Vacaville? Well, let's hop over here to Joly West. That will help us to figure it out. Joly West was the expert witness in the trial for Patty Hearst. Who were the expert witnesses called to explain to the jury that Patty Hearst was actually a victim of coercive persuasion, mind control and brainwashing ... Joly West, Margaret Singer, Robert Lifton and Martin Orne. So what did Joly West have to do with Vacaville? Joly West was Head of the UCLA Violence Project which was approved by Ronald Reagan when he was Governor of California, then shut down by public protest. It was spearheaded by a number of people including some people who were very interested in the history of CIA military mind control, and have written books about it. Well the UCLA Violence Project you are going to see in subsequent slides, but it included research and experimentation that was going to be done at Vacaville Prison where they had the maxi-maxi which is the maximum security place for the most freaked out behaviourally disturbed psychotic psychologically difficult inmates in the California prison system which included Donald Defreeze and Charles Manson we hear. Who is Colston Westbrook? According to a book on the Phoenix program which is the CIA's covert operation in the Vietnam War for killing 20 VC infrastructure non-military personnel headed by William Colby, future Director of the CIA. According to that book, Colston Westbrook was a CIA Psy-War expert in Vietnam who came back to the USA to Vacaville Prison under cover of the Black Cultural Association and used behavioural modification techniques on Donald Defreeze and gave him his code name Cinque, and devised the seven headed logo of the Symbionese Liberation Army. Subsequent to this coercive persuasion work done on Donald Defreeze by this Psy-War expert employed by the CIA in Vietnam. Donald Defreeze was transferred to another location in the jail from which he very easily escaped the next day only to go capture Patty Hearst and use very systematic and sophisticated mind control techniques on her despite the fact that he was a functionally illiterate black person off the streets. It's a very expensive book, it costs over $100, published by the Edwin Mellon Press, PO Box 450, Lewiston, N.Y. 14092 and then two paperbacks which are published by Avon Books, both of which are owned by the Hearst Corporation: Douglas Valentine, 1990, "The Phoenix Program", N.Y. Avon Books and the specific reference is p. 337. "Patty Hearst: her own story", Avon Books, N.Y. pp. 133-34. This is from "Jonestown: A CIA Medical Experiment". This is some general background now. There is this guy, James Frank, who won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics who came over to be part of the Manhattan Project which created the atomic bomb. That is sort of the precursor of the Paperclip Project, which we will get to in future slides. He recruited Lawrence Layton into the Manhattan Project so that's the connection between these people. Now we're going to go to this Layton family. There's Hugo Phillip and Anita Lee Howbwood(sp) married in Germany in 1914 and they moved to the USA. They had two daughters, Eva and Lisa. Eva doesn't really fit into the story. Eva worked for the CIA at Berkeley. The author of this "Jonestown: A CIA Medical Experiment" got all this information from the public records by just piecing it together, bit by bit by bit, and the documentation in their references is pretty solid and convincing. Eva worked for the CIA at Berkeley and her job at the library was to keep track of all the left-wing literature taken out of the library and the names of the people who took those books out and report that to the CIA. Berkeley's got a lot of top-notch people ... such as Richard Ofshe. Lisa married Lawrence Layton who was recruited for the Manhattan Project by James Frank. He later worked at Dugway Proving Ground where radiation experiments were done including release of radioactivity for wind dispersal over civilian populations. He was an expert in dispersal of biological and chemical weapons. That Dugway Proving Ground was also one o f the sites where Army LSD research was conducted. This couple had four children - Deborah who married Phil Blaikie, Lawrence Jr., Annalisa and Thomas. These two are not so involved in the picture. Lawrence Jr. was on-site at the People's Temple, Lisa was on-site at the People's Temple in Jonestown in British Guyana, Deborah was on-site there and she was the chief financial officer for the People's Temple operation. She left Jonestown shortly before the mass suicide and went back to Georgetown, the capital of British Guyana, accompanied by the CIA Chief of Station for Georgetown. Phil Blaikie was an interesting guy with international arms sales and British Intelligence background if I remember right. This is where it really starts to get convincing and amazing. We have all heard about Jonestown. We all know that Jim Jones had this group of people and he was in Ukiah, California and then all of a sudden he moved to the middle of the jungle in British Guyana. I assume we all had the same sort of experience I had. You just sort of take that at face value. Here's this nut. He moves down to the middle of the jungle in British Guyana. But how did he ever choose this location? Who scouted it out? What about the logistics of getting all the lumber, all the oil drums, all the everything down to the middle of the jungle in British Guyana? You have to build an airport, you have to transport ... this is a huge, huge project. Well, it turns out this wasn't just jungle before the People's Temple arrived. It was the Shalom Project from 1973 to 1975 and Phil Blaikie oversaw the engineering development of the site in its transition from the Shalom Project to the People's Temple. What was the Shalom Project? It was a CIA operation for training black mercenary guerrillas for operations in Angola. This was a CIA training site. This was not a random, unconnected site. That's just some general background. We're going to pick up Jonestown as we walk along here through these crystal clear slides. Okay, we heard part of the story. Here's J. Edgar Hoover, he's corresponded with Estabrooks who was creating Manchurian Candidates, Patty Hearst is a Manchurian Candidate, her identity of Tanya is deliberately programmed in by Donald Defreeze who is in Vacaville State Prison which was an MKSearch site which is also a site for the UCLA Violence Project, Vacaville is a CIA research site, Patty Hearst is connected down to Joly West who is her expert witness in her trial who says in effect she is a Manchurian Candidate, DDNOS level. He's the expert witness for Jack Ruby who is connected to Lee Harvey Oswald. I went to one of the JFK Assassination meetings in Dallas a couple of years ago where a guy presented a bunch of information including a photocopy of a letter by J. Edgar Hoover dated 1960 expressing concern that Lee Harvey Oswald had been doubled. The FBI was on top of Lee Harvey Oswald, was on top of him, and was tracking him systemically well before the assassination. So that connect J. Edgar Hoover over to Lee Harvey Oswald who is connected to Jack Ruby. How does Wounded Knee get in there? Wounded Knee is an Indian uprising where the FBI were shooting up the Sioux Indians. Russell Means was heavily involved in that. What does Russell Means have to do with Jonestown? Well, Jim Jones was a good PR guy. When Patty Hearst was kidnapped he offered William Randolph Hearst a program to set up a collection/donation of money to pay the ransom to the SLA. And the SLA was demanding something like $170 million from Hearst for the release of Patty Hearst. Jim Jones offered to set up this fund, but Hearst said no. The next outcome was that the SLA also wanted food donated to poor people that they said they were representing in a revolution. So a committee was set up to do food distribution, financed by William Randolph Hearst. According to this book, the way that food distribution was done was Jim Jones got control of the mechanisms and he brought people down from the People's Temple down to be the homeless and poor people who received the food and the same food was distributed around the network six times, constantly being picked up by new People's Temple people, and taken back to the distribution point. So actually only one-sixth as much food was purchased as it appeared, and the rest was skimmed by the People's Temple. Russell Means was on the committee that oversaw this operation and his wife was bailed out of jail in Oregon the year before at a cost of $19,000 by Jim Jones. (Russell Means works for Walt Disney - comment from conference audience.) So this arrow here actually goes over to Mickey Mouse ...

We did Vacaville, MKSearch, that's all connected into Patty Hearst, Donald Defreeze, we've got that part ... MKULTRA connected to UCLA. What does MKULTRA have to do with that Sugi U2 base ... that's the U2 spy plane. Well that's according to information from JFK assassination researchers that I haven't independently confirmed, that was an MKULTRA site, Lee Harvey Oswald was stationed there. U2 was the plane that Gary Powers went down in. It was a spy plane that over-flew the Soviet Union. It was also used for surveillance of Martin Luther King ... that's an acknowledged fact. The FBI used U2 planes to keep track of him. According to a book which is a little shaky in terms of its documentation, the people who were consulted on the mental state of Gary Powers, the pilot of the U2 that was downed included Ewen Cameron who was an MKULTRA contractor who did the experimentation on Linda McDonald who I told you about earlier. Ewen Cameron was also one of the people who went over and interviewed the Nazi war criminals at Nuremburg to do mental statuses on them. So the FBI is in there fairly tight. Let's just talk about MKULTRA, MKSearch assassination connections. This is now out and beyond Oliver Stone, and we're going to pick up JFK, a little bit of Jonestown, a little bit of this and that here. So we've got MKSearch, Carl Pfeiffer was a contractor for MKSearch and MKULTRA. One of the sites he worked at is the New Jersey Reformatory at Bordentown which was in some of those preliminary MKULTRA lists that I showed. In Walter Bowart's book, "Operation Mind Control", he talks about Luis Castillo. Luis Castillo was arrested by the FBI, the Phillippines equivalent of the FBI, on suspicion of being there to assassinate Marcos. In 300 pages of transcript of the interrogation of Luis Castillo by the Phillipines FBI, that's in the possession of the JFK Assassination researcher who told me where George Estabrooks' personal papers are, Luis Castillo describes very clearly (and this is also described in Walter Bowart's book) having MPD. So here's a potential assassin of Marcos who describes undocumented MPD who was at the New Jersey Reformatory at Bordentown at the same time it was an MKSearch hallucinogen site and an MKULTRA hallucinogen site. We've got Lee Harvey Oswald who was at Sugi Air Force Base which is apparently an MKULTRA research site who is connected to Jack Ruby who is connected to Joly West who is an MKULTRA contractor who is the expert witness for Patty Hearst whose Manchurian Candidate identity "Tanya" was created by Donald Defreeze from Vacaville State Prison which was an MKSearch site which takes us back to the New Jersey Reformatory at Bordentown. This is all just random coincidence, as I am sure you appreciate. How about JFK/CIA mind control research connections? I might come back to Jonestown in more detail. I am just trying to get through all these slides here. This is a very pretty little diagram with CIA at the hub and we've got a wheel going all the way around. There is a game that I saw in the newspaper called "Who was in a movie with Kevin Bacon?" and the purpose of the game ... you can name any Hollywood star and within six steps you can get from that person to Kevin Bacon because this person was in a movie who was in a movie with this person who was in a movie with Kevin Bacon. This is the same logic here. We can start anywhere, we can connect Joly West to the CIA. Neale Birch is a CIA Office of Naval Research mind control consultant in Houston. Robert Heath is a CIA and military funded brain electrode researcher at Tulane. Well let's just go through this random assortment of individuals here. Robert Heath is doing brain electrode implant and other research for the CIA in Tulane. He publishes a paper with Bernie Saltzberg. Bernie Saltzberg publishes with Neale Birch who is funded by the CIA and the military. Neale Birch publishes an edited book - contributor of a chapter in that book is Joly West who describes the UCLA Violence Project in that book edited by Neale Birch. Joly West interviews Jack Ruby. Jack Ruby shoots Lee Harvey Oswald. Okay well that's interesting. That's the end of the story. Except let's run back around this way. Robert Heath publishes with Francisco Silva who is still alive and I am going to try and interview him in Baton Rouge. Francisco Silva is a Cuban psychiatrist who left in the random year of 1959 which is when Castro took over, to take up residence in Louisiana and publish with Robert Heath who told my secretary that Francisco was a very wonderful person. In the Warren Commission documents, there is uncorroborated testimony by Lee Harvey Oswald that in 1963, prior to the assassination, he lived with Francisco Silva and was temporarily employed at the hospital where Francisco Silva worked. I am just sort of playing mind games with you ... this is all just meaningless coincidence. Project Paperclip and Mind Control Research - we heard about Allen Dulles already, he was the Director of the CIA before George Bush was the Director of the CIA, which in turn was before George Bush was the President. Allen Dulles is head of the CIA during MKULTRA program and obviously was aware of it and oversaw it. The CIA goes down to this Reinhard Gehlen guy who is the German spymaster who is recruited by Dulles to become our boy spying against the Russians, our enemies who were previously were our friends. Reinhard Gehlen was in effect a Nazi War Criminal. Reinhard Gehlen is in effect a Nazi War Criminal. Project Paperclip is a fully documented - one of a group of projects including Project National Interest, Project 63, Bloodstone - there is a bunch of other projects but Paperclip is the best known one. There are several books about it. Paperclip is a project set up by CIA and military intelligence to bring Nazi war criminals into the USA through a mechanism that routed them around the State Department. State Department rules were that if you were a Nazi war criminal, you couldn't enter the USA. But there was a mad scramble at the end of World War II involving the USA, Canada, France, Britain, German and Russian governments who were all scrambling to get their hands on German scientists. There were all kinds of recruiting drives, etc. American teams would actually go into the Russian sector and go to a place where German scientists were being held, and sneak those guys out of there. It was quite an intense little party that was going on. In Project Paperclip (this is totally documented) all types of scientists were brought over to the USA. Film experts, ball bearing experts, lubricants, rockets, every aspect of science and technology of interest to the military. This is included somewhat obscure people like Werner Von Braun. Werner Von Braun was head of the rocket program. He was the guy who was in charge of the V2 rockets that were used to bomb Britain that were created for Mittelwerk(sp) ... the labour for Mittelwerk was supplied from Camp Dora(sp). When the American troops liberated Camp Dora they found 6000 corpses on the ground. It is estimated that about 20,000 people were worked to death out of Camp Dora building the V2 rockets. Werner von Braun is documented as being on site at the Mittelwerk at least 20 times, and being at meetings of V2 oversight personnel where the use of prisoners being worked to death was discussed and condoned, and the workers would sometimes attempt to sabotage the rockets by urinating a part or tampering with the rocket. The typical response to that was that the entire work crew would be instantly hung in their work tunnel. He was also a member of the S.S. and there is correspondence on US Space Program stationery to a journalist where Werner von Braun admits he was an SS Officer. So he was a Nazi war criminal who couldn't be brought in through a normal kind of visa process. Another person who was brought in through Paperclip or another related project was Albertus Stroekhold(sp). Albertus Stroekhold is regarded as the father of aviation medicine. There is a library named after him at Lakland(sp) Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. He was honoured by the Daughters of the American Revolution for his contributions to Aviation Medicine and the Texas State Legislature declared a one-time state memorial day named after him in, I believe, the 1960's. Albertus Stroekhold was not a nice person. People on his own administrative level, people who reported to him and people he reported to were all tried and found guilty of war crimes at Nuremburg. He was not even interviewed by the U.S. lawyers responsible for that sector of Nuremburg. The types of experiments that these people did included things like putting people in a pressure chamber and dropping the pressure instantly to about 60,000 feet to simulate somebody being blown out of a cockpit if they were a U.S. pilot . What would happen is they would cause their faces to have excruciating pain, they would actually die or almost die. The ones who died would be taken out of the chamber, their heads would be cut open, their heads would be submerged under water, their heads would then be sliced open to determine whether there was air emboli in their cerebral arteries. Another type of experiment done by these people was an attempt to find an antidote to seawater so that downed German pilots in the North Sea could drink seawater. So these people were given forced feedings of seawater for days on end which then would be doctored with various different substances to see if any of the substances would prevent any of the subjects from dying. This is major full-scale Nazi war crime doctor stuff, and probably over 1000 of these scientists were brought under Project Paperclip. Nazi war criminals were examined by a team of psychiatrists including Ewen Cameron who did LSD and mescaline research and was an MKULTRA contractor. LSD and mescaline research was also funded by MKULTRA and mescaline research was done by the Nazi war criminals in the POW camps. So Ewen Cameron probably got the bright idea of doing LSD research from the Nazi war criminals. According to this book which is not really rock solid in its documentation, he was still in network up in the early 1960's when the U2 pilot went down. So that the only people who are missing from this fully, completely documented history are the psychological warfare experts. It is not plausible that the only kind of scientists out of the full range of expertise that were not brought over were the psychological experts. A guy who was a deep-ops character in Vietnam described being out in the field and coming across US and VC personnel who were all totally wasted on some sort of hallucinogen trip. Their job was simply to extract these guys and leave the VC who were jus