On Internal Work and
Antigravity On Internal Work and Antigravity August 8, 1997
Internal work is an eerie kind of thing! There are
several things involved. I will try to discuss one or two briefly.
First, Faraday believed fervently that his lines of
force existed as taut physical strings (everyone at the time, Faraday
included, believed in a MATERIAL ether). So he thought that EM
disturbances were simply the disturbances of these taut strings. That
was then a transverse string wave.
So to Faraday, "EM shaking" in the ether was just these
physical lines of force shaking (like a transverse twanging string
wave). NOTE that he just assumed away the body of any string holder to
provide the tensile forces on that string! In short, without realizing
it he threw away Newton's third law reaction forces from his material
strings.
Maxwell stated point blank that he would read no other
EM theory until he had thorougly studied Faraday's work. He also wrote
a paper on those physical lines of force. He mathematized them with a
tube of force concept.
But he also ASSUMED away the body of the mysterious
missing string holder, and also thereby discarded Newton's third law
reaction from his electrodynamic theory. The third law is STILL
missing from the theory today!
When electrodynamicists do an experiment, say by
introducing some EM energy to be absorbed, etc., the third law recoil
force and energy DOES appear. It is GENERATED in their experiment, but
the cause for it does not appear in their model! So they piously raise
their eyes to heaven and say, "Oh, yes, we know that will occur.
That's due to Newton's third law."
Well, Newton's third law is a DESCRIPTION of what
happens. It is not the CAUSE of anything, being instead of a cause, an
EFFECT.
In short, there never were any twanging strings in the
vacuum ether, and Faraday's lines of force are not even lines of
force! THERE ARE NO FORCES IN THE VACUUM.
In the first place, force is not the primary CAUSE of
acceleration of a mass! Force is not SEPARATE from mass. Rigorously,
the definition of force is F is identically d/dt (mv). As can be seen,
mass is a COMPONENT of force. In the vacuum, all that exists are
changes in the vacuum potential. In other words, you get gradients of
scalar potential and swirls which we identify as vector potentials or
currents of potential.
There is no E-field in the vacuum, for example, in the
sense presently used.
Electrodynamics assumes that at every point in the
vacuum, there exists:
(1) a point unit north pole,
(2) a point coulomb of positive electrical charge, and
(3) a point unit mass.
Electrodynamics theory then describes how those assumed
point entities move and react. THAT's what the equations actually
describe, the movements of those three entities. They do NOT prescribe
what exists in the vacuum, WITHOUT that observable matter being there!
Classical electrodynamics still completely and
erroneously assumes the MATERIAL ETHER. You would think they would
have got the message since the Michelson Morley experiment in 1888
destroyed the MATERIAL ether. All that happened was that one day the
electrodynamicists said, "Okay, so there's no ether! Okay, we are not
using one!" And they never changed a cottonpicking equation!
What really happens with a scalar potential at a point,
e.g., is that it increases or decreases. Look at the points in the
neighborhood around that point of interest.
If the potential increases at the focal point, then it
has not yet increased at the points around it at an infinitesimal
distance from it. So it has a set of radial gradients all around, with
respect to the ambient vacuum potential points in its neighborhood.
Well, each one of those radial gradients is
(erroneously) called a force in classical EM. But for each radial
there is an opposite and equal radial. Try increasing or decreasing
the potential at that point any way you wish, you still produce a set
of equal and opposite (bidirectional) EM "forces".
The point is, the waves are always created as PAIRS of
equal and opposite waves. It's more like a "rhythmic squeeze" wave
than anything else. In the real world, the antiwave portion is
actually a phase conjugate, and superposed spatially upon the wave, in
each biwave pair.
That's how Whittaker came to show that any scalar
potential is a set of biwave pairs. And in each pair, there is a wave
and its antiwave (true phase conjugate). But that means that this
doesn't generate any NET force!
Voila! It contains excess or minus energy at that point,
but it did not translate anything. That increase in the local energy
density of vacuum spacetime is ruthlessly a CURVATURE of local ST, in
the GR sense.
So what is produced in the vacuum is a GRAVITATIONAL
wave, not an EM wave at all! This is consistent with modern gauge
theory, when one thinks long enough about it, because gauge theory
regards gravity itself as simply the "restoration of symmetry" when a
force of any kind is formed.
In other words, Sakharov's hypothesis is true; gravity
is not a separate field in the sense of Maxwell, but is always made
from other fields. In fact, it is just NEWTON's THIRD LAW revealing
itself, particularly in electrodynamics!
Now let's look a little deeper. Suppose we have this
harmonic set of wave/antiwave pairs (this scalar potential) coming
onto an atom of matter.
Well, the time-forward wave halves get stripped off and
interact with the time-forward part of the atom (i.e., the electron
shells).
The atom can be regarded as a set of dynamic dipoles,
where a positive charge in the nucleus and a negative charge in the
electron shells comprise one of the dynamic dipoles.
The dipole is a "splitter" of the G-wave incoming. It
splits that thing into two EM waves momentarily.
The forward time wave half interacts with an electron in
the electron shells, and the reversed time wave half interacts with
the positive charge end of the dipole down in the nucleus.
That generates Newton's third law recoil of the nucleus,
which is admitted but usually ignored in electrodynamics.
Point is, for all the energy interactions ongoing in the
electron shells, there are equal and opposite EM energy interactions
ongoing in the nuclei. We ignore the latter.
NOW to the inner work. As you can see, when you do some
work on the atom with EM radiation, you simultaneously do some equal
and opposite inner work in the nucleus. (One can use this to get
antigravity and free energy and all sorts of goodies).
Now in nonlinear optics, one interacts that G-wave
(i.e., with its EM biwave pairs) as it is coming in, by nonlinear EM
wave interactions such as four-wave mixing. The time-reversed wave
half doesn't get to reach the nucleus; instead, it is flipped right
back toward where it came from. And along with it goes up to all the
energy in any additional pump waves on the atom.
So a phase conjugate mirror, no matter how powerfully
pumped, DOES NOT RECOIL when it emits the powerfully amplified phase
conjugate replica wave!
The reason is that the MECHANISM generating Newton's
third law recoil of the nuclei, did not happen because the cause (the
incoming "missing" time-reversed wave half) was redirected before it
reached the nucleus.
Now that's an interesting way to intercept the "cause"
of internal work, and redirect and use it, BEFORE it comes into its
causative interaction to generate internal work.
Now if you continue to do the POSITIVE work half (in the
Sweet device, the work done in the load), and in fact increase the
positive work half, while simultaneously rejecting the excess negative
half, you have a missing "Newton's third law" reaction for the excess
positive work being done in the load. That means you have a missing
restoration of symmetry, for the excess positive power being done in
the load.
That means you have just exactly that much ANTIGRAVITY
formed. That is, if restoring symmetry is what exhibiting
gravitational force is, then DENYING the restoration of symmetry is
what dis-exhibiting (denying) so much gravitational force is.
So by denying the restoration of symmetry for extra
power in the load, you create ANTIGRAVITY by just that amount of
power.
Let us reason together. Gravitational energy is already
known to be (embarrassingly) negative energy. Well, what is "negative
energy" in layman's terms? It's just energy that was never there, but
does work against you. Again, it's just our old friend Newton's third
law, hiding in disguise.
So we get gravity when we let the time-reversed half of
the EM waves interact with atomic nuclei.
We get an absence of gravity when those waves come in
but the antiwaves do not reach the nucleus and do not interact with
the nucleus.
READ THAT AGAIN, THAT'S PURE MAGIC!
So to get antigravity, you bring in some EXCESS phase
conjugate (time-reversed) EM energy, together with some excess energy
(the other half accompanying it, since you bring them in, in pairs.
You let the time-forward half go to the external circuit and the load,
and do excess work in the load.
But you do not let the excess part of the incoming
time-reversed energy reach the nucleus. Instead, you
multiwave-interact with it before it reaches the nuclei. You send it
back on its way. So what does that do?
Well, if you bring in extra gravitational energy
(cause), and then REPEL it, WHILE LETTING ITS INCOMING FORWARD-TIME
MATCHING ENERGY BE DIVERTED TO THE LOAD AND DO WORK IN THE LOAD,
that's the exact thing as creating that much ANTIGRAVITATIONAL energy.
In short, that's how you produce antigravity. Or, if you
wish, that's how you get a unilateral thrust.
Just point that antigravity thrust in the correct
direction, and the unilateral antigravity thrust force will occur in
that direction.
For propulsion, then you fly it like a helicopter. With
thrust upward, you lift straight up or hover, or lower down gently. By
angling the direction to have a forward component, you also move
forward while hovering, climbing, lowering, etc..
That was the gist of my theory of gravitation that I got
Sparky Sweet to test with the vacuum triode amplifier. I had estimated
that it would levitate at about 1500 watts.
But one would get magnetic charges (monopoles) deposited
in the barium ferrite magnets as one increased the power above the
nominal 500 watts design. So I warned him not to go above 1,000 watts,
because the magnets might explode and kill him. (They go off like hand
grenades when the yield point is reached, and Sparky did explode a few
magnets at various times this way!)
Anyway, he increased the load in 100 watt increments, to
1,000 watts, and that thing reduced its weight on the bench nicely and
smoothly by 90 percent. If the experiment had failed, I would have had
to go back to the drawing board. But it worked beautifully.
So the gist of the internal work is that you directly
involve:
(1) Newton's third law being added back to classical EM,
(2) turning EM into G and vice versa,
(3) putting Faraday's missing string holder back in
there,
(4) increasing the potential cause for internal work,
then rerouting it back out before it interacts in the nucleus, and
(5) finding Maxwell's missing "tensioning agent" in the
vacuum.
Maxwell actually pointed out, carefully, that his theory
was not finished because he had assumed this stress in the ether, but
had not been able to account for it, and therefore further work had to
be done.
Heaviside also warned that the present EM theory was
just first order, and suitable for first order effects, but was not to
be considered as finished.
In his opinion, initially the engineers would have
sufficient trouble learning that first order theory and applying it.
So the refinement of the theory could come later.
Hope this is a little clearer. - Tom Bearden
T.E. Bearden
With Newton, Faraday, and Maxwell