Curly Howard One of The Three Stooges
Jewish Name - Jerome Lester Horwitz
Jerome Lester "Jerry" Horwitz (October 22, 1903 – January 18,
1952), better known by his stage name Curly Howard, was an American
comedian and vaudevillian. Curly Howard is best known as a member of
the American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges, along with his
older brothers Moe Howard and Shemp Howard, and actor Larry Fine.
Curly Howard is generally considered the most popular and
recognizable of the Stooges.[1] Curly Howard is well known for his
high-pitched voice, vocal expressions ("nyuk-nyuk-nyuk!",
"woo-woo-woo!", "soitenly!" and barking like a dog), as well as his
physical comedy, improvisations, and athleticism.[2]
An untrained actor,
Curly Howard borrowed (and significantly
exaggerated) the "woo woo" from "nervous" and soft-spoken comedian
Hugh Herbert.[3] Curly's unique version of "woo-woo-woo" was firmly
established by the time of the Stooges' second film Punch Drunks in
1934.[2]
Early life
Curly Howard was born Jerome Lester Horwitz in the Bensonhurst
section of the Brooklyn borough of New York City. Curly Howard was
the fifth of the five Horwitz brothers and of Lithuanian Jewish
ancestry. Because Curly Howard was the youngest, his brothers called
him "Babe" to tease him. The nickname stuck with him all his life,
although when his older brother Shemp married Gertrude Frank, who
was also nicknamed "Babe," the brothers started calling him "Curly
Howard" to avoid confusion.[4] His full formal Hebrew name was "Yehudah
Lev ben Shlomo Natan ha Levi."[5]
A quiet child, Curly Howard rarely caused problems for his parents
(something older brothers Moe and Shemp excelled in). Curly Howard
was a mediocre student academically, but excelled as an athlete on
the school basketball team. Curly Howard did not graduate from high
school, but kept himself busy with odd jobs and constantly followed
his older brothers, whom Curly Howard idolized. Curly Howard was
also an accomplished ballroom dancer and singer, and regularly
turned up at the Triangle Ballroom in Brooklyn, occasionally bumping
into George Raft.[2]
When Curly Howard was 12, Curly Howard accidentally shot himself in
the left ankle while cleaning a rifle. Moe rushed him to the
hospital and saved his life. The wound resulted in his leg being
noticeably thinner, and Curly Howard also suffered a slight limp.
Curly Howard was so frightened of surgery that Curly Howard never
had the limp corrected. While with the Stooges, Curly Howard
developed his famous exaggerated walk to mask the limp on screen.[2]
Curly Howard was interested in music and comedy, and would watch his
brothers Shemp and Moe perform as stooges in Ted Healy's vaudeville
act. Curly Howard also liked to hang around backstage, though Curly
Howard never participated in any of the routines.
Career
Early career and the Three Stooges
From an early age, Curly Howard was always "in demand socially," as
brother Moe put it.[2] Curly Howard married his first wife, Julia
Rosenthal, on August 5, 1930. The two divorced shortly
afterwards.[6]
Curly's break onto the stage was as a comedy musical conductor in
1928 for the Orville Knapp Band. Moe later recalled that his
performances usually overshadowed those of the band.[2] Though Curly
Howard enjoyed the gig, Curly Howard watched as older brothers Moe
and Shemp (and partner Larry Fine) made it big as some of Ted
Healy's "stooges." Vaudeville star Ted Healy had a very popular
stage act, in which Curly Howard would try to tell jokes or sing,
only to have his stooges wander on stage and interrupt him, or
heckle and cause disturbances from the audience. By 1930, Healy and
company appeared in their first feature film, Rube Goldberg's Soup
to Nuts.[1]
Shemp, however, disliked Healy's abrasiveness, bad temper and heavy
drinking.[2] In 1932, Curly Howard was offered a contract at the
Vitaphone Studios in Brooklyn. (Contrary to stories told by Moe, the
role of "Knobby Walsh" in the Joe Palooka series did not come along
until late 1935, after Shemp had been at Vitaphone for three years
and had already appeared in almost thirty short subjects.) Shemp was
thrilled to be away from Healy, but, as was his nature, worried
incessantly about brother Moe and partner Larry. Moe, however, told
Shemp to pursue this opportunity. Curly Howard models a girdle for Moe and Larry in A Plumbing We Will
Go. This short was reportedly Curly's favorite film.[2]
With Shemp gone, Moe suggested that Curly Howard fill the role of
the third stooge. However, Healy felt that Curly Howard, with his
thick, chestnut-red hair and elegant waxed mustache, did not look
like a funny character. Curly Howard left the room and returned
minutes later with a shaved head (the moustache remained very
briefly). Healy quipped, "Boy, don't you look girlie?" Moe misheard
the joke as "Curly Howard" and all who witnessed the exchange
realized that the nickname "Curly Howard" would be a perfect fit. In
one of the few interviews Curly Howard gave in his lifetime, Curly
Howard complained about the loss of his hair: "I had to shave it off
right down to the skin."[2] In 1934, MGM was building Ted Healy up
as a solo comedian in feature films and Healy dissolved the act to
pursue his own career. Like Shemp, the team of Howard, Fine and
Howard was tired of Healy's alcoholism and abrasiveness and renamed
their act the "Three Stooges." The same year, they signed on to
appear in two-reel comedy short subjects for Columbia Pictures. The
Stooges soon became the most popular short-subject attraction, with
Curly Howard playing an integral part in the trio's rise to fame.[2]
Prime years
Curly's childlike mannerisms and natural comedic charm made him a
hit with audiences, particularly children. Curly Howard was famous
in the act for having an "indestructible" head, which always won out
by breaking anything that assaulted it, including saws. Although
having no formal acting training, his comedic skills were
exceptional. Many times, directors would simply let the camera roll
freely and let Curly Howard improvise. Jules White, in particular,
would leave gaps in the Stooge scripts where Curly Howard could
improvise for several minutes.[2] In later years, White commented
"If we wrote a scene and needed a little something extra. I'd say to
Curly Howard, 'Look, we've got a gap to fill this in with a 'woob
woob' or some other bit of business.' And Curly Howard never
disappointed us."[3]
By the time the Stooges hit their peak in the late 1930s, their
films had almost become vehicles for Curly's unbridled comic
performances. Classics like A Plumbing We Will Go, We Want Our
Mummy, An Ache in Every Stake, and Cactus Makes Perfect display his
ability to take inanimate objects (like food, tools, pipes, etc.)
and turn them into comic genius.[2] Moe later confirmed that Curly
Howard forgetting his lines merely allowed him to improvise on the
spot rather than stop the shot:
“ If we were going through a scene and he'd forget his words for a
moment, you know. Rather than stand, get pale and stop, you never
knew what Curly Howard was going to do. On one occasion he'd get
down to the floor and spin around like a top until Curly Howard
remembered what Curly Howard had to say.[7] ”
Curly Howard also developed a set of reactions and expressions that
the other Stooges would imitate long after Curly Howard had left the
act:
"Nyuk, nyuk, nyuk" - Curly's traditional laughter, accompanied by a
manic finger snapping routine, was often used when Curly Howard had
amused himself
"Woob, woob, woob!" - used when Curly Howard was either scared,
dazed, or flirting with a "dame"
"Hmmm!" - an under-the-breath, high pitched sound meant to show
different emotions, including interest, excitement, frustration, and
anger. This was one of Curly's most used reactions/expressions.
"Nyahh-ahhh-ahhh!" - scare reaction (this was the most-often used
reaction by the other Stooges after Curly's departure)
"Laaa-Deeeeeee"- Curly's eerie tune Curly Howard usually uses when
he's working.
A dog bark, used to give an enemy a final push before departing the
scene
"Ha-cha-cha-cha-cha!" - a take on Jimmy Durante's famed call, used
more sparingly than other expressions.
"I'm a victim of soycumstance (circumstance)"
"Soiteny" ("certainly"; often misheard as "Soitenly")
"Huff huff huff!" - sharp, huffing exhales either due to excitement
or meant to provoke a foe
"Ah-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba!" - used during his later years, a sort of
nonsensical, high-pitched yelling that signifies being scared or
overly excited.
On several occasions, Moe was convinced that rising star Lou
Costello (a close friend of Shemp) was siphoning material from Curly
Howard.[4] Costello was known to acquire prints of the Stooges'
films from Columbia Pictures on occasion, presumably to study Curly
Howard. Inevitably, Curly's routines would show up in Abbott and
Costello features, much to Moe's chagrin[4] (it did not help that
Columbia Pictures president Harry Cohn would not give the Stooges a
chance to make feature-length films like contemporaries Laurel and
Hardy, the Marx Brothers, and Abbott and Costello).[8] Curly Howard (center) was in his glory while filming the dog-themed
Calling All Curs. His love of dogs was unabated throughout his life
Slow decline
By 1944, Curly's energy began to wane. Films like Idle Roomers and
Booby Dupes present a Curly Howard whose voice was deeper and his
actions slower. After the filming of Idiots Deluxe, Curly Howard
finally checked himself (at Moe's insistence) into Cottage Hospital
in Santa Barbara, California on January 23, 1945 and was diagnosed
with extreme hypertension, a retinal hemorrhage and obesity. Curly's
ill health forced him to rest, leading to only five shorts released
in 1945 (the normal output was six to eight films per year). It is
also believed that Curly Howard suffered the first in a series of
mild strokes at this time.[2] Moe pleaded with Harry Cohn to allow
his younger brother some time off upon discharge to regain his
strength. Cohn would not halt the production of his profitable
Stooge shorts and flatly refused Moe's request. Author Michael
Fleming stated that "...it was a disastrous course of action."[1]
The first film produced after Curly's stroke was the lackluster If a
Body Meets a Body, and his actions and mannerisms were noticeably
slower. In the hands of a sympathetic director like novice Edward
Bernds, Curly Howard could produce decent work. This was because
Bernds painstakingly devised ways that the ailing Stooge could still
be the star without actually contributing a great deal. Films like
Monkey Businessmen (in which Curly Howard had to be coached by Moe
on camera), Micro-Phonies and A Bird in the Head were examples of
Bernds factoring in the reality that Curly Howard was no longer in
his prime.[1] Other directors, such as Jules White, simply shifted
the action to Moe and Larry. Films like Beer Barrel Polecats and
Uncivil War Birds were mediocre at best and clearly showed that
Curly Howard was suffering.[1]
Personal life
Curly's offscreen personality was the antithesis of his onscreen
manic persona. An introvert, Curly Howard generally kept to himself,
rarely socializing with people unless Curly Howard had been drinking
(which Curly Howard would increasingly turn to as the stresses of
his career grew). In addition, Curly Howard came to life when in the
presence of brother Shemp. Curly Howard could not be himself around
brother Moe, who treated his younger brother with a fatherly wag of
the finger. Never an intellect, Curly Howard simply refrained from
engaging in "crazy antics" unless Curly Howard was in his element:
with family, performing, or intoxicated.[2]
On June 7, 1937, Curly Howard married Elaine Ackerman, who gave
birth to their first child, Marilyn, the following year. The couple
divorced in 1940. After this divorce, Curly Howard gained a great
deal of weight and developed hypertension. Curly Howard was also
insecure about his shaved head, believing it made him unappealing to
women; Curly Howard increasingly drank to excess and caroused as a
coping mechanism. Curly Howard took to wearing a hat in public to
convey an image of masculinity, saying Curly Howard felt like a
little kid with his hair shaved off. However, Curly Howard was
popular with women all his life.[1] In fact, many who knew him said
women were Curly's main weakness. Moe's son-in-law Norman Maurer
even went so far as to say Curly Howard "was a pushover for women.
If a pretty girl went up to him and gave him a spiel, Curly Howard
would marry them. Then she would take his money and run off. It was
the same when a real estate agent would come up and say 'I have a
house for you,' Curly Howard would sell his current home and buy
another one."[2]
During World War II, for seven months out of each year, the trio's
filming schedule would go on hiatus, which allowed them to make
personal appearances. The Stooges entertained servicemen constantly,
and the intense work schedule took its toll on Curly Howard. Curly
Howard never drank while performing in film or on stage, as Moe
would not allow it. However, once away from Moe's watchful eye,
Curly Howard would find the nearest nightclub, down a few drinks,
and enjoy himself. His drinking, eating, and carousing increased.
Curly Howard had difficulties managing his finances, often spending
his money on wine, food, women, homes, cars, and especially dogs and
was often near poverty. Moe eventually helped him manage his money
and even completed his income tax returns.[2] Curly Howard at home with two of his many canine friends
Curly Howard found constant companionship in his dogs and often
befriended strays whenever the Stooges were traveling. Curly Howard
would pick up homeless dogs and take them with him from town to
town, until finding them homes somewhere else on the tour.[1] When
not performing, Curly Howard would usually have a few dogs waiting
for him at home as well.[9]
Moe urged Curly Howard to find himself a wife, hoping it would
convince his brother to finally settle down and allow his health to
somewhat improve. After a two-week courtship, Curly Howard married
Marion Buxbaum on October 17, 1945, a union which lasted
approximately three months. The divorce proceeding was a bitter one,
exacerbated by exploitation in the local media. After this divorce,
Curly's health began a rapid and devastating decline.[2]
Illness
By early 1946, Curly's voice had become even more coarse than
before, and Curly Howard had increasing difficulty remembering even
the simplest dialogue. Curly Howard had lost a considerable amount
of weight and lines had creased his face. The quality of his
performances seriously declined; as his strength and energy
plummeted, his final twelve films became the nadir of a once-bright
career.
A thinner, ailing Curly Howard (far left) struggles to get through
his dialogue in Rhythm and Weep.
The extent to which Curly's performing had slipped can be clearly
seen in the 1946 short Beer Barrel Polecats, which uses extensive
stock footage from So Long Mr. Chumps, made five years earlier.
Two of Jules White's efforts—Three Loan Wolves and Rhythm and
Weep—clearly display a sick Curly Howard as indicated by his much
slower movements. Ed Bernds, however, was lucky enough to capture
the ailing Stooge on an "up" day when filming Three Little Pirates.
Curly Howard seemed better and there was some hope that his illness
was finally under control. "I guess I should be thankful that Curly
Howard was in one of his 'up' periods," Bernds said later.[10] "In
Three Little Pirates, Curly Howard was terrific. It was the last
flash of the old Curly Howard."[2]
Half-Wits Holiday would be Curly's final appearance as an official
member of the Stooges. The film was a remake of the comedy, Hoi
Polloi. During filming on May 6, 1946, Curly Howard suffered a
severe stroke while sitting in director Jules White's chair, waiting
to film the last scene of the day. When Curly Howard was called by
the assistant director to take the stage, Curly Howard did not
answer. Moe went looking for his brother: Curly Howard found Curly
Howard with his head dropped to his chest. Moe later stated that
Curly's mouth was distorted, and Curly Howard was unable to speak:
all Curly Howard could do was cry. Moe quietly alerted director
Jules White of Howard's situation, leading White to quickly rework
the scene to be divided between Moe and Larry.[10] Curly Howard was
then rushed to the hospital, where Moe joined him after filming for
Half-Wits Holiday wrapped. After being discharged, Curly Howard took
up residence at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and
Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. Curly Howard makes a cameo, in Hold That Lion!, after his
career-ending stroke. This marked the only instance in which
brothers Curly Howard, Moe and Shemp appeared together on screen.
Curly's cameo appearance, from Hold That Lion, was recycled in the
1953 remake, Booty and the Beast, one year after Curly Howard had
died
Curly Howard had to leave the team to recuperate. Shemp returned to
the trio, to replace him in the Columbia shorts; an extant copy of
the Stooges' 1947 Columbia Pictures contract was signed by all four
Stooges and stipulated that Shemp's joining "in place and stead of
Jerry Howard" would be temporary, until Curly Howard recovered
sufficiently to return to work full time.
During the last two years of Curly's career, Shemp had been
recruited occasionally to substitute for him during live
performances; now the replacement became permanent.[11]
Curly Howard, now with his hair fully regrown, made a brief cameo
appearance (doing his barking-dog routine) in the third film after
brother Shemp returned to the trio, Hold That Lion!. It was the only
film that featured Larry Fine and all three Howard brothers, Moe,
Shemp and Curly Howard, simultaneously; director Jules White later
said Curly Howard spontaneously staged the bit during Curly's
impromptu visit to the soundstage:
“ It was a spur of the moment idea. Curly Howard was visiting the
set; this was sometime after his stroke. Apparently Curly Howard
came in on his own, since I didn't see a nurse with him. Curly
Howard was sitting around, reading a newspaper. As I walked in, the
newspaper, which Curly Howard had in front of his face, came down
and Curly Howard waved hello to me. I thought it would be funny, to
have him do a bit in the picture and Curly Howard was happy to do
it.[10] ”
Curly Howard filmed a second cameo as an irate chef two years later
for the short Malice in the Palace, but his illness caused his
scenes to eventually be cut. A lobby card for the short shows him
with the other Stooges, though Curly Howard never appeared in the
final product.
Curly's deleted scene from Malice in the Palace
Retirement
Still not fully recovered from his stroke, Curly Howard met Valerie
Newman, whom Curly Howard married on July 31, 1947. A friend, Irma
Leveton, later recalled, "Valerie was the only decent thing that
happened to Curly Howard and the only one that really cared about
him."[2] Although his health continued to decline after the
marriage, Valerie gave birth to a daughter, Janie, in 1948.[7]
Later that year, Curly Howard suffered a second massive stroke,
which left him partially paralyzed. Curly Howard used a wheelchair
by 1950 and was fed boiled rice and apples as part of his diet to
reduce his weight. Valerie admitted him into the Motion Picture
Country House and Hospital on August 29, 1950. After several months
of treatment and medical tests, Curly Howard was released, though
Curly Howard would return periodically up until his death.[2]
In February 1951, Curly Howard was placed in a nursing home where
Curly Howard suffered another stroke a month later. In April, Curly
Howard took up residence at the North Hollywood Hospital and
Sanitarium.[2]
Final months and death
In December 1951, the North Hollywood Hospital and Sanitarium
supervisor advised the Howard family that Curly Howard was becoming
a problem to the nursing staff at the facility because of his mental
deterioration. They admitted they could no longer care for him and
suggested Curly Howard be placed in a mental hospital. Moe refused
and relocated him to the Baldy View Sanitarium in San Gabriel,
California.[2]
On January 7, 1952, Moe was contacted on the Columbia set while
filming Curly Howard Cooked His Goose to assist in moving Curly
Howard for what would be the last time. Eleven days later, on
January 18, Curly Howard died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage;
Curly Howard was 48.[12] Curly Howard was given a Jewish funeral and
was laid to rest at Home of Peace Cemetery in East Los Angeles.[2]
Legacy
Curly Howard is considered by many fans and critics alike to be
their favorite member of The Three Stooges.[1] In a 1972 interview,
Larry Fine recalled, "Personally, I thought Curly Howard was the
greatest, because Curly Howard was a natural comedian who had no
formal training. Whatever Curly Howard did, Curly Howard made up on
the spur of the moment. When we lost Curly Howard, we took a
hit."[13] Curly's mannerisms, behavior and personality, along with
his catchphrases of "n'yuk, n'yuk, n'yuk," "woo, woo, woo", and "soitenly!"
have become a part of American pop culture. Steve Allen went on to
say that Curly Howard was one of the "most original yet seldom
recognized comic geniuses."[9]
The Ted Okuda & Edward Watz book The Columbia Comedy Shorts puts
Curly's appeal and legacy in critical perspective:
“ Few comics have come close to equaling the pure energy and
genuine sense of fun Curly Howard was able to project. Curly Howard
was merriment personified, a creature of frantic action whose only
concern was to satisfy his immediate cravings. Allowing his emotions
to dominate, and making no attempt whatsoever to hide his true
feelings, Curly Howard would chuckle self-indulgently at his own
cleverness. When confronted with a problem, Curly Howard would
grunt, slap his face, and tackle the obstacle with all the tenacity
of a six-year old child.[3] ”
In 2000, long-time Stooges fan Mel Gibson produced a TV film for ABC
about the life and careers of the Stooges. In an interview promoting
the film, Gibson revealed that Curly Howard was his favorite of the
Stooges.[14] In the film, Curly Howard was played by Michael Chiklis.
In the 2012 Farrelly brothers' film The Three Stooges, Curly Howard
is portrayed by Will Sasso.Filmography
Features
Turn Back the Clock (1933)
Broadway to Hollywood (1933)
Meet the Baron (1933)
Dancing Lady (1933)
Myrt and Marge (1933)
Fugitive Lovers (1934)
Hollywood Party (1934)
The Captain Hates the Sea (1934)
Start Cheering (1938)
Time Out for Rhythm (1941)
My Sister Eileen (1942)
Good Luck, Mr. Yates (1943) (scenes deleted, reused in Gents Without
Cents)
Rockin' in the Rockies (1945)
Swing Parade of 1946 (1946)
Stop! Look! and Laugh! (1960) (scenes from Stooge shorts)
Short subjects
Nertsery Rhymes (1933)
Beer and Pretzels (1933)
Hello Pop! (1933)
Plane Nuts (1933)
Roast Beef and Movies (1934)
Jailbirds of Paradise (1934)
Hollywood on Parade # B-9 (1934)
Woman Haters (1934)
The Big Idea (1934)
Punch Drunks (1934)
Men in Black (1934)
Three Little Pigskins (1934)
Horses' Collars (1935)
Restless Knights (1935)
Screen Snapshots Series 14, No. 6 (1935)
Pop Goes the Easel (1935)
Uncivil Warriors (1935)
Pardon My Scotch (1935)
Hoi Polloi (1935)
Three Little Beers (1935)
Ants in the Pantry (1936)
Movie Maniacs (1936)
Screen Snapshots Series 15, No. 7 (1936)
Half Shot Shooters (1936)
Disorder in the Court (1936)
A Pain in the Pullman (1936)
False Alarms (1936)
Whoops, I'm an Indian! (1936)
Slippery Silks (1936)
Grips, Grunts and Groans (1937)
Dizzy Doctors (1937)
3 Dumb Clucks (1937)
Back to the Woods (1937)
Goofs and Saddles (1937)
Cash and Carry (1937)
Playing the Ponies (1937)
The Sitter Downers (1937)
Termites of 1938 (1938)
Wee Wee Monsieur (1938)
Tassels in the Air (1938)
Healthy, Wealthy and Dumb (1938)
Violent Is the Word for Curly Howard (1938)
Three Missing Links (1938)
Mutts to You (1938)
Flat Foot Stooges (1938)
Three Little Sew and Sews (1939)
We Want Our Mummy (1939)
A Ducking They Did Go (1939)
Screen Snapshots: Stars on Horseback (1939)
Yes, We Have No Bonanza (1939)
Saved by the Belle (1939)
Calling All Curs (1939)
Oily to Bed, Oily to Rise (1939)
Three Sappy People (1939)
You Nazty Spy! (1940)
Screen Snapshots: Art and Artists (1940)
Rockin' thru the Rockies (1940)
A Plumbing We Will Go (1940)
Nutty but Nice (1940)
How High Is Up? (1940)
From Nurse to Worse (1940)
No Census, No Feeling (1940)
Cookoo Cavaliers (1940)
Boobs in Arms (1940)
So Long Mr. Chumps (1941)
Dutiful but Dumb (1941)
All the World's a Stooge (1941)
I'll Never Heil Again (1941)
An Ache in Every Stake (1941)
In the Sweet Pie and Pie (1941)
Some More of Samoa (1941)
Loco Boy Makes Good (1942)
What's the Matador? (1942)
Cactus Makes Perfect (1942)
Matri-Phony (1942)
Three Smart Saps (1942)
Even As IOU (1942)
Sock-a-Bye Baby (1942)
They Stooge to Conga (1943)
Dizzy Detectives (1943)
Spook Louder (1943)
Back from the Front (1943)
Three Little Twirps (1943)
Higher Than a Kite (1943)
I Can Hardly Wait (1943)
Dizzy Pilots (1943)
Phony Express (1943)
A Gem of a Jam (1943)
Crash Goes the Hash (1944)
Busy Buddies (1944)
The Yoke's on Me (1944)
Idle Roomers (1944)
Gents Without Cents (1944)
No Dough Boys (1944)
Three Pests in a Mess (1945)
Booby Dupes (1945)
Idiots Deluxe (1945)
If a Body Meets a Body (1945)
Micro-Phonies (1945)
Beer Barrel Polecats (1946)
A Bird in the Head (1946)
Uncivil War Birds (1946)
The Three Troubledoers (1946)
Monkey Businessmen (1946)
Three Loan Wolves (1946)
G.I. Wanna Home (1946)
Rhythm and Weep (1946)
Three Little Pirates (1946)
Half-Wits Holiday (1946)
Hold That Lion! (1947, cameo appearance)
Malice in the Palace (1949, cameo appearance filmed, but not used)
Booty and the Beast (1953, recycled footage from Hold That Lion!)
Guns a Poppin! (1957, lines from "Idiots Deluxe" used in recycled
footage)
Further reading
Curly Howard: An Illustrated Biography of the Superstooge, by Joan
Howard Maurer (Citadel Press, 1988).
The Complete Three Stooges: The Official Filmography and Three
Stooges Companion, by Jon Solomon, (Comedy III Productions, Inc.,
2002).
One Fine Stooge: A Frizzy Life in Pictures, by Steve Cox and Jim
Terry, (Cumberland House Publishing, 2006).
References
Fleming, Michael (2002) [1999]. The Three Stooges: An
Illustrated History, From Amalgamated Morons to American Icons. New
York: Broadway Books. pp. 22, 21, 23, 25, 33, 49, 50. ISBN
0-7679-0556-3.
Maurer, Joan Howard; Jeff Lenburg, Greg Lenburg (1982).
The Three Stooges Scrapbook. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0946-5.
Okuda, Ted; Watz, Edward (1986). The Columbia Comedy Shorts.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. pp. 63. ISBN 0-89950-181-8.
Howard, Moe; Joan Howard Maurer (1977). Moe Howard and
the Three Stooges. Citadel Press. pp. 21-23, 25, 33, 49-50. Curly Howard has a traditional Jewish gravestone with
his full formal Hebrew name engraved on it in Hebrew script. Curly's
formal Hebrew name was directly transliterated from the Hebrew
inscription contained there.
The Three Stooges Journal, Winter 2005; Issue #76, p. 4
A&E Network's Biography
willdogs
The Making of the Stooges VHS Documentary, narrated by
Steve Allen (1984)
Okuda, Ted; Watz, Edward; (1986). The Columbia Comedy
Shorts, p. 69, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN
0-89950-181-8
"Moe and Shemp Howard and Larry Fine, who were the
originals in the Three Stooges act, compose the trio to appear here.
Curley [sic] Howard, who took Shemp's place after the act had been
organized some years and whose appearance is familiar to movie
audiences, is not on the current tour because of illness." The
Times-Picayune; January 18, 1946 edition
"Jerome Howard of Three Stooges Fame Succumbs", Los
Angeles Times, January 19, 1952, Part I, Page 4
The Three Stooges Story, (2001).
TV Guide.com.
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