What Scientists are saying about brain research? What physics, engineering and biology is needed to develop mind control technology? What do scientist believe it takes to decode the brain? What is the level of neurological research today? The answers are conclusive. Will Russian and Soviet scientists develop neurological weapons on animals or humans? It is logical to believe the many claims by victims that brain functions and every nerve of the body can be controlled remotely with current technology.
Here is a list of what distinguished scientists are saying about neurotechnologies. These are just a few of many examples.
Russell, Christine.(1976, Feb. 23).Are Computer Hookups to the Brain Next? The Ultimate in Technology Predicted. Washington Star.
"...Such a prospect, dependent upon progress in 'breaking the internal codes of the human mind," might be possible in as little as 20 years or may take "several decades more," according to Dr. Adam V. Reed.[Rockefeller University scientist]. But the 30-year-old experimental psychologist, who was earlier trained as an electrical engineer, expects to see "electronic extensions" of the brain within his own lifetime. His futuristic speculation was part of a symposium on "Man-Computer relations" yesterday at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting here. Reed acknowledged the need to protect against the dangerous applications of "thought control" -turning human beings into virtual robots-but his emphasis was on what he saw as potential benefits. ...The main limit, however, is the difficulty of unraveling the internal language of the brain. ..."I think there will necessarily be intermediate steps before people would even want direct hookups," said Dr. John McCarthy of Stanford University's department of computer sciences."
Greenfield, Susan.(1995). Journey to the Centers of the Mind. Towards A Science of Consciousness. W.A. Freeman & Co. NY. Pg. 196.
"If we could explain exactly how consciousness is generated by groups of neurons under certain conditions, it would also mean that we had the ability to manipulate on e another's consciousness to such a degree that it could lead to the effective annihilation of the individual. This specter is comparable to the ultimate, Frankenstein-like feat of the molecular biologist in creating organic life. Whether or not such a world would be a good place in which to live can only again be the stuff of science fiction."
Connor Steve.(1995, May 21).Science:The Last Great Frontier: The Brain is the Ultimate Enigma.The Independent(London).Pg52.
"The human brain is the most complicated structure in the known universe. ...No superlative, it seems, is too grand to explain what is happening to brain research, precisely midway through the international "Decade of the brain" Gerald Fischbach, professor of neurobiology at Harvard, believes philosophers inquiring into the human condition can no longer ignore the brain experiments that are "among the most urgent challenging and exciting" in all of science. "Our survival and probably the survival of this planet depend on a more complete understanding of the human mind." he says. ....
Cornwell, John.(1994,Sept.4).A Mindfield For the Brains Trust.Sunday Times. Lexis-Nexis.
"...Penrose the 62-year old Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at Oxford...who made his name by collaborating with Stephen Hawking in the 1960s on black holes, was drawn to the consciousness debate in the late 1980s... ...In Shadows of the Mind, Penrose demonstrates that mathematics and physics are more central to the problems of consciousness than computer science or even biology. At the same time, he urges that physics must take consciousness into its scope. "...We must look for a feature of the brain," he says, "that can mediate between the microscopic world of quantum physics and our everyday realm of classical physics." According to the view prevalent in neurobiology, brain action is entirely controlled by the interconnected system of "neuron switches" and nothing else: there is no plausible role for the subleties of quantum action. But basing himself on research of Stuart Hameroff, an anaesthetist at the University of Arizona, and the work of Herbert Frohlich, a noted physicist who has made important advances in the study of superconductivity, Penrose believes he has come up with a suitable site and structure for quantum activity in the brain. In his new book he describes how cell structures known as microtubules, found in the branches of neurons (brain cells), have the ability to shrink and expand between the microscopic realms of the quantum and our familiar world of switches," says Penrose. "The microtubules are themselves microscopic tubes made of proteins called tubulins. Each tubulin individually seems to behave something like a switch, increasing neuronal numerosity by something like 10,000m" If Penrose is right, his book may be the first accessible report to a general readership about the site, if not the actual substance, of the Holy Grail of consciousness the precise point where quantum activity interacts with classical physical activity in the brain. ...and by body-soul dualists such as the veteran neurophysiologist Sir John Eccles, who believes that a quantum physical effect mediates our spiritual souls and our physical brains. ...Our conscious brains, he declares, are woven from subtle physical ingredients that somehow enable us to take advantage of the profound organzisation of our mathematically underpinned universe... ...Penrose confesses he is very far from explanations; but he is adamant that no clear answers will come unless the interrelating features of physics, mathematics, biology and psychology are seen to come together...
Jibu, Mari, Hagan, Scott, Hameroff, Stuart R., Pribram, Karl H., Yasue, Kunio.(1993, August 10)Quantum Optical Coherence in Cytoskeletal Microtubules: Implications for Brain Function. BioSystems 32(1994)195-209.
"Abstract 'Laser-like,' long-range coherent quantum phenomena may occur biologically within cytoskeletal microtubules. This paper presents a theoretical prediction of the occurrence in biological media of the phenomena which we term 'superradiance' and 'self-induced transparency'. Interactions between the electric dipole field of water molecules confined within the hollow core of microtubules and the quantized electromagnetic radiation field are considered, and microtubules are theorized to play the roles of non-linear coherent optical devices. Superradiance is a specific quantum mechanical ordering phenomenon with characteristic times much shorter than those of thermal interaction. Consequently, optical signaling(and computation) in microtubules would be free from both thermal noise and loss. Superradiant optical computing in networks of microtubules and other cytoskeletal structures may provide a basis for biomolecular cognition and a substrate for consciousness.
Moravec, Hans.(1988). Mind Children The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence.
Editor's note; Moravec is an MIT professor, well-known and was on the Learning Channel on Dec 16, 1997 on the program Future Fantastic. He explains artificial intelligence and replacing the brain with a computer.
"Perhaps, with advances in high-resolution scanning, it will be possible to achieve this effect without messy surgery: you might simply wear some kind of helmet or headband that monitored and altered the interhemispheric traffic with carefully controlled electromagnetic fields.
Rucker, Rudy.(1997, April 25).Imagined Worlds".International Herald Tribune. Pg. 4.
"By Freeman Dyson. ...Harvard. Reviewed by Rudy Rucker. "The dominant science of the 21st century will be biology." [physicist] Dyson expects great advances in two areas of biological knowledge: the gene and the brain. He suggests that the first may give us pet dinosaurs, and the second may bring about "radiotelepathy."..."Radiotelepathy" is a word coined by Dyson to express a surprising but logical idea: You could have something like a cordless phone inside your head. That is, "After the organization of the central nervous system has been explored and understood, the way will be open to develop and use the technology of electromagnetic brain signals."
Dyson, Freeman.(1997)Imagined Worlds.President and Fellows of Harvard College. Acknowledgments.
"This book grew out of a set of lectures given in May 1995 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem... ...The idea of radiotelepathy first appeared, so far as I know, in the science-fiction novel Last and First Men, written by Olaf Stapledon, in 1931, ...in which the cells of a multicellular creature communicate with each other by means of electric and magnetic fields... The chief barrier to progress in neurophysiology is the lack of observational tools. To understand in depth what is going on in the brain, we need tools that can fit inside or between the neurons and transmit reports of neural events to receivers outside. ...observing instruments...with rapid response, high band-width and high spacial resolution...There is no law of physics that declares that such an observational tool to be impossible. We know that high-frequency electromagnetic signals can be propagated through brain tissue for distances of the order of centimeters. We know that microscopic generators and receivers of electromagnetic radiation are possible. We know that modern digital data-handling technology is capable of recording and analyzing the signals emerging from millions of tiny transmitters simultaneously. All that is lacking in order to transform these possibilities into an effective observational tool is the neurological equivalent of integrated-circuit technology. We need a technology that allows us to build and deploy large arrays of small transmitters inside a living brain, just as integrated-circuit technology allows us to build large arrays of small transistors on a chip of silicon. ...Radioneurology is in principle only an extension of the existing technology of magnetic resonance imaging, which also used radio-frequency magnetic fields to observe neural structures. A rough estimate based on the available band-width indicates that a million transmitters could be monitored through each patch of brain surface with size equal to the radio wave-length. The factor of a million is the ratio between the radio band-width, of the order of hundreds of millions of cycles per second, and the band-width of a neuron, of the order of hundred of cycles...."
Greenfield, Susan.(1996, Feb.25).Science: From Socrates to Silicon Chip?; Artificial Intelligence has evolved so far... So are computers nearly conscious? The neuroscientist Susan Greenfield argues that is all depends on what 'conscious means."
"...Hence there is obviously a strong chemical-selective element in determining consciousness. ..Admittedly, advanced machines are no longer in thrall to digital on/off operations, and a silicon "retina" and "neuron" have been built with analogue (ie dimmer switch) properties.
This is a list of excerpts from books and articles to the demonstrate the level of brain mapping and reading today. SQUID seems to be the basis of classified technology used to read brainwaves remotely. In The Brain Code, Mechanisms of Information Transfer and the Role of the Corpus Callosum by Noram D. Cook, 1986, he writes Phrases such as the 'brain code are used to describe the set of fundamental rules concerning how information is stored and transmitted from site to site within the brain. ...how large groups of neurons transmit the images, thoughts and feelings which we suspect are the fundamental units of our psychological lives. ...The perspective on brain function discussed in the following chapters is not claimed to be a complete unraveling of the brain code, but I do believe that it is the beginning of same and that the direction of future developments is already clearly indicated."
Coyle, Anna.(1992, Sept.14). Science and Technology: The Machine That Watches You Think. Independent(London). Pg.14.
"Doctors and medical scientists soon will be able to watch the human brain "thinking". With the aid of a device no bigger than a pinhead, they will be able to see exactly where and how electrical signals are traveling around the brain. ..."We are aiming to build up an image of where the current is flowing,"says Dr. Steven Swithenby, director of the Biomagnetism group at Open University... ...Squid is the acronym for superconducting quantum interference device, and it measures magnetic flux or field extremely accurately at ultra-low levels, such as the level reached when a group of neurons in the brain is triggered. The device is made of a ring of superconducting material, usually niobium metal, a few millimetres wide, with a slice of insulator, a few atoms thick, sanwiched into the loop. when an electric current is applied to this superconductor, the flowing current generates a magnetic field around the wire loop. Inside the superconducting loop this magnetic field is extremely sensitive to any changes in magnetism. If a change in magnetic field is detected, the current flow in the Squid changes to re-adjust the field strength to counter the external force. ...But there is still the problem of interpreting the information. "We can look at what is going on in the head, but it takes a lot of mathematics to unscramble the whole mess so that we can make a sensible image," Dr. Swithenby says. ...The magnetic field generated by the brain in response to an external stimulus, and measured by the Squid, is about 100 millions times weaker than the Earth's magnetic field, and a million times weaker than the magnetic fields around overhead power cables. ...A less expensive and more practical approach, used at the Open University, is to couple the Squid to another device known as a gradiometer. In effect the gradiometer is a matched pair of (non-superconducting) magnetometers placed between the Squid and the patient's head. One of the pair measures the external magnetic field outside the brain, the other measured the total field, including the contribution from the brain, and the difference between the two is measured by the Squid....The so-called high -temperature superconductors-metal oxides that can work at temperatures of up to 100 degrees above absolute zero- are the next stage in the development of workable machines. ..."In three or four years' time, who knows what Squids will be made of?" Squids are not new: they were first postulated by the theoretical physicist Anthony Leggett at the University of Illinois in the early Eighties."
Author's note. These articles give examples of how thoughts could be detected remotely. It is not impossible, especially with the will to develop this technology before the Soviets do, for example.
Hanley, John M.D.(1985,June17).Aviation Week.Pg. 156.
"...It has never been necessary to stick something into pilots, or anybody else for the purpose of obtaining brainwave signals. It was pointed out 50 years ago by B.H.C. Matthews that non-invasive scalp electrodes provide the necessary sensing, and that is the method most in use around the world today. As for sticking something onto pilots, the evolution of sensors has a branch of non-adhesive, contact electrodes, highly stable examples of which were developed in our Space Biology Laboratory almost 20 years ago under NASA contracts, and put to practical use in a variety of environments, both space and terrestrial. The continued evolution of the electrode has inevitably traversed the path from nonadhesive and contact to remote, non-contact sensing. Fourteen years ago, Adey and Silver, of the University of California at Los Angeles and Aerospace Corp., respectively, at that time, proposed cryomagnetic sensing of the EEG. Magnetoencephalograms were obtained by Cohen of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology one year later. Moreover, sophisticated machine recognition of EEG correlates of states of awareness from the subleties of pilot reclination to sleep in the space environment have been achieved within the last two decades. Clearly, dogmatic assertions that present technology has remained at the stick-on or -in electrode and gross delta wave era belong with scriptural championing of slingshots as state-of-the-art weaponry.
No author. (1989, July 5). Magnetic Fields of the Brain. PR Newswire.Lexis-Nexis.
"The human brain is alive with pulsating magnetic fields. ...The brain's nerve cells, called neurons, are triggered by small electrical currents. This has been known for decades and doctors routinely record the intensity and patterns of these electrical brain waves. ...Today, highly sensitive detectors can spot even these faint magnetic fields and [physicist Samuel] Williamson a member of the American Physical Society, and his colleagues are busy mapping the brain's magnetic activity. Every brain function, from imagining a pay raise to lifting a forefinger, uses the neurons of a specific location. Detecting magnetic fields can pinpoint these geographical areas. In one instance, Williamson discovered which part of the brain generated a magnetic field when a subject moved a forefinger. Moving the thumb produced fields from a slightly different spot. "Our sensory and motor systems are tied to highly specific brain areas," says Williamson. "in one experiment we passed a brushover the tip-center and base of a person's finger. We found that this produced magnetic fields from three distinct areas of the brain." Magnetic research of the brain is of great interest to surgeons, doctors, and psychologists. With this tool specific brain locations are being linked to specific body activities. In the area of psychology, monitoring the brain's magnetic activity is helping determine the nature of imagination and thought processes. ...this feature is from the American Institute of Physics' Science Report."
No author.(1996,Oct.8).Pictoral Proof of Brain Damage Caused by Cocaine and Alcohol Seen in New Quantitative EEG Studies:BEAM Study Provides New Light on Brain Disorders. PR Newswire.
"Measurements of "brain waves" using state-of -the-art quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) -- or brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) demonstrate that both cocaine and alcohol abuse/dependence significantly worsen such pre-existing brain abnormalities as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depression, mental distress, anxiety disorder, and paranoid schizophrenia, according to medical research by Eric R. Braverman, MD. and Kenneth Blum, Ph.D. both affiliated with the PATH Foundation, a not-for-profit scientific foundation of Princeton, New Jersey. ...since they[QEEG and BEAM] are relatively easily, quick and potentially inexpensive to administer...Unlike other brain imaging techniques, it can be administered in a doctor's office. ...Other work by Drs. Braverman and Blum, as well as by other researchers, suggests that a mentally ill population--including teens and adults--have strongly disturbed brain waves even prior to their substance abuse. This study again documents that the mentally ill population have brain electrical and chemical imbalances. ...BEAM is a brain stress test using light, sound, cognition, and electrical stimulation to generate dramatic pictures of total brain health..
(HTSC) contains the theory and basis for the technology used for remotely detecting brainwaves from a distance. Currently the military is developing it for remote sensing. While this may not be the classified mind reading technology used today, the point is to see that the level of technology is possible and the scientific theory behind mind reading can be figured out, even if it is classified. Please note that the Jonathan Tennenbaum article mentions HTSC and it's use for mind control weapons. Here is a list of articles on HTSC with brief comments.
Hewish, Mark.(1992,June 1). High-temperature Superconductors. International Defense Review. Vol.25. No.6; Pg. 624.
"The United States government Office Of Technology Assessment believes that electronic components using high-temperature superconductors(HTSCs) will be available by the mid-1990s. ...DARPA(the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) has awarded several contracts for work on HTSCs. E-Systems'Melpar Division leads a team--including several universities and specialist companies such as Superconductor Technologies and Conductus--that has a $9.7 million contract from the agency to demonstrate a feasible approach to defense applications of HTSCs by 1994. ...HTSCs first made their appearance in 1986, when two researchers at the IBM laboratories in Zurich--who won a Nobel prize for their work...Radio-frequency energy encounters some resistance even in a superconductor, but this is negligible at frequencies below 1 GHz. ...Most radars of military interest operate at frequencies below 120GHz... ...Superconductors additionally exhibit the Meissner effect. A magnetic field will not penetrate a superconductor cooled to below its transition temperature. This effect is exploited in electromagnetic rail guns, and superconductors are also almost perfect materials for magnetic and electromagnetic shielding. SQUIDs(superconducting quantum interference devices) have military applications in magnetometers used to detect submarines and mines. SQUIDs can detect the most tenuous magnetic fields, even those generated by brain cells. They exploit the properties of a Josephson junction, which is constructed from two superconductors separated by a non-superconducting layer. Lockheed has built an HTSC SQUID... ...The phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered in 1911, but the first high-temperature superconductors(HTSCs) did not become available until 75 years later.
Rose, Stephen.(1994, Dec.1). Off Line: The Life of Brain. Guardian(London). Pg.14.
"...Helsinki is the site for Europe's most powerful neuromagnetic measuring system. ...In 1929, the Swiss amateur physiologist Hans Berger taped a set of recoding electrodes to a person's scalp and found he could record continuous bursts of electricity pulsing through the brain. ...As every O-level student knows, where there is an electric current, there is a magnetic field at right angles to it. So too in the brain - except that because the currents are tiny, so are the magnetic fields, around one millionth billionth of a Tesla. ...Then you can measure the oscillating millisecond fluxes of the brain in real time. Furthermore, unlike the EEG, granted enough mathematical sophistication and computing power, you get a good idea of the location of the electromagnetic source in the brain. In Helsinki the neuromag is linked to an online recording system that enables an experimenter sitting outside the sealed room to scan the records of the 122 channels arrayed across the inmate's head, I was strongly reminded of that ancient philosopher's dream, a 'cerebroscope' that would enable a person to observe their own thoughts. Magnetoencephalography is the nearest neuroscience has yet got to such an instrument...."
Editor's note. The above article in bold describes as briefly as can be done, the probable scientific basis for reading thoughts remotely. It is scientifically possible. The major details almost certainly are classified.
No author.(1990, Sept.17).Professor Guy Deutshcer Joins Xsirius Superconductivity Inc.PR Newswire. Lexis-Nexis.
"Xsirius Superconductivity Inc. ...,a Scottsdale firm engaged in commercializing high-temperature superconductors, announced recently that Dr. Guy Deutscher has agreed to serve as a key consultant for the company in its international effort to bring high-temperature superconductors to the marketplace. Deuthscher is one of the key innovators of the important superconducting device--the "SQUID" or Superconducting Quantum Interference Device" and holds a patent for this device. SQUIDS are used to detect extremely weak magnetic fields and are potentially useful in such applications as submarine detection and in measuring subtle electromagnetic signals from the brain. Deutscher has been professor of physics at Tel Aviv University since 1973. ..and has since established a reputation as a world-renowned authority in the field of superconductivity."
Editor's note; The following article states that remote sensing technology can be fixed in satellites. It is not impossible to develop a method for remotely reading brainwaves. The level of technology is here today.
No author.(1990,July12).Federal Germany Develops Superconductive Antenna For Space and Medical Use. Xinhua General Overseas News Service. Lexis-Nexis.
"...has successfully developed a superconductive antenna for space and medical use. The antenna, made of high-temperature superconductor, can be fixed in satellites to receive the electromagnetic wave emitted by earth so that researcher can exactly determine the humidity in soil and the content of water vapour. The antenna can also be installed in medial instruments to help doctors determine the faint signals from brain and heart."
Brown, Malcolm.(1989,June6).Hopes for Superconductivity Begin to Fade.New York Times.Section C.P. 1.
"...[American Superconductor Corp.]The company was founded two years ago in collaboration with scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create high-temperature superconducting wire. ...Conductus Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., which draws expertise from scientists at Stanford University and the University of California at Berkeley..."
Editor's note. The above article also shows how universities, the military and private business are working closely on military technology.
No author.(1997,June16).Superconductive Magnetic Shield: Hitachi Group. Comline Daily News Electronics. Lexis Nexis.
"Japan Science Foundation(JSF) has certified that Hitachi Chemical Co. and Hitachi Cable,Ltd. have successfully developed "manufacturing technology for bismuth-lineage superconductive magnetic shields." JSF, which consigned the project to the two companies, claims the shields are much smaller and consume considerably less energy than existing types. One superconductive shield, developed by Hitachi chemical, will be used for measuring weak biological magnetic fields.... ...According to JSF sources, the former shield can dampen external magnetism by more than five digits and the later to a level close to that of geomagnetism.
Editors note. The scientists are stating that the technology is possible and many other articles below indicate the interest and level of technology today. Mind Control technology is a growing area of research and victims claims of remote reading of thoughts is possible, especially since this book only lists unclassified sources.
Here is a list of articles on what the military and government are researching and how they are developing this technology. There is research into detecting and using every body signal including brainwaves, for example for pilots to fly using their thoughts and for soldiers and remote battlefield medicine. Victims claims are not farfetched. It becomes clear that the technology can be tied to victim's allegations.
Marsh, Alton K.(1979, Jan.29). USAF Studies Arming Weapons Vocally. Aviation Week. Pg. 239.
"...Thus far the research has resulted in the ability to predict the perception and recognition of letters. ...The area of evoked brain response development and applications holds promise as a method of automatically compensating for pilot fatigue. It can also assure the pilot will not make errors during the flight, by taking the pilot's brain waves through unobtrusive sponge sensors in the flight helmet. Evoked response refers to "driving" the brain, forcing it to emit brain waves at regular intervals, either through use of light flashes in the eyes or laboratory-generated clicks in the ears. It is research that has come into its own only in the last two years. By measuring the amplitude of the brain waves generated, fatigue of the pilot can be recognized. By increasing the brightness of the instrumental panel lights, the amplitude of the brain waves can be returned to their normal height, thus compensating for fatigue. To get the "evoked response" from the pilot's brain, the instrument panel lights could be made to flash so fast that the pilot would not be aware of the flashes. Researchers think the brain can "register" up to 145 flickers per second, Lt. Col Robert D. O'Donnell, an experimental psychologist, said. It also could be used to prevent errors, since scientists have discovered that responses occurring after the wave could be "locked out" electronically, preventing a pilot from making an error, O'Donnell said. ...The follow-on system aims a small amount of near-infrared light into the subject's eye, causing a spot of light to be reflected off the cornea. The spot is picked up by a remote oculometer and fed to a computer, which calculates the angle between the center of the eye pupil and the spot. ...Later, after the remote oculometer has been combined with more advanced simulation capabilities, work will be directed toward a helmet-mounted oculometer to track eye movement.
Uhlig, Robert.(1997?). The End of Death: "Soul Catcher" Computer Chip Due.Electronic Telegraph(England)(From CNI News).
"A computer chip implanted behind the eye that could record a person's every lifetime thought and sensation is to be developed by British scientists. ..Dr. Chris Winter, of British Telecom's(BT) artificial life team. Dr. Winter's team of eight scientists at BT's Martlesham Heath Laboratories near Ipswich calls the chip the 'Soul Catcher.'BT's official futurologist, has measured the flow of impulses from the optical nerve and nerves in the skin, tongue, ear, and nose...."For example, police would be able to use it to relive an attack, rape, or murder from the victim's viewpoint to help catch the criminal." Editor's note. Delores Hejazi claimed to have experienced this. See CAHRA website under Intelligence tools.
No author.(1985,Sept.)Advanced Technology Report.Defense & Foreign Affairs.Pg.35.
"...In California, it is rumored, a University-sponsored experiment has found that brain waves emitted by patient volunteers in a mental hospital have successfully controlled the switching of electric trains, making them go and stop at will. ...Sources said it even has a name by which it is known around DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency): a "psychotronics."
Gourley, Scott et al.(1995, August1).Saving Lives While Saving Money: Military Medicine Moves From MASH to Start Trek. International Defense Review.Vol.28.No.8.Pg.45.
"...The US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest Laboratory(PNL), in collaboration with the Madigan Army Medical Center, is developing an Advanced Imaging System(AIMS) that uses ultrasound to locate and monitor internal injuries. ...Over the next three years, PNL and Madigan will develop a portable field prototype consisting of an imaging array, with 1024 transducers, measuring 5x5cm; ...If initial work on AIMS is successful, it could be followed by two further phases. The first of these, lasting two years, would replace the earlier transducer array with a conformal gel blanket have an area of some 2500cm. a subset of the array, placed around a body cavity, would be sequentially scanned to generate a larger and more detailed image. ...a possible further phase, lasting three years, would involve developing an "imaging bed" with an area of 1000cm. This would contain an array of high-resolution ultrasonic transducers and perform additional functions, such as magnetic-resonance imaging, and ... ...PNL says that is may even be possible, by this stage, to monitor the patient's brain by using advanced electromagnetic sensors."
Bucholtz,Chris.(1995, May3).Thought Control A Step Nearer.Flight International.Lexis-Nexis.
"Scientist at the Aeronautical Systems Centre (ASC) at the US Air Force's Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, are studying the use of brain-actuated control techniques as a means of controlling aircraft. ...In the past, the problem with thought-control techniques has been discerning the faint electromagnetic brain signals which accompany voluntary thought from the flurry of "background noise" in the brain caused by everyday activity. In the ASC experiments, pilots in a simulator face two fluorescent lights, which pulse at 13.25 Hz. This causes nerve cells in the subject's visual cortex to fire at the same frequency. Electrodes on their heads detect the resulting brain-wave patterns, feeding them to an amplifier and a filter. The filter picks out the 13.25.Hz waves and measures their power. A bar scale displays a measurement of these waves, which allows the subjects to learn how to vary the intensity of their brain responses. On the simulator, heightened intensities cause it to bank to the right; depressed intensities cause it to bank to the left. ..."They say it's like learning to walk..." Project physicist John Schnurer adds..."
Scott, William.(1994,Aug.15).No title.Aviation Week and Space Technology.
"...For more than 30 years, the U.S. military services have been intrigued with the concept of linking human brains with computers or other hardware. A retired colonel confirmed that the Army conducted experiments in the 1960s aimed at controlling air defense missiles with brainwaves. More recent research attempted to improve the combat performance of U.S. special forces, which rely on critical timing and zero-margin teamwork. ...An industry scientist said that the Army's Research Institute worked on a variety of "neurotechnologies" in the mid-1980s, ostensibly abandoning the program--although there are indications to the contrary. Since these activities were classified, military officers will not comment on the success or failure of such programs. In any event, more than 2,000 "white world" technical papers and research reports describe aspects of neurophysiological work in the U.S., Europe and the former Soviet Union. Only recently, however, has there been a concerted effort to harness research results and convert them to concrete applications. ...M Barry Sterman...A 30 year veteran of neurophysiology research, Sterman is a professor at the University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine...Sterman's focus is on "neuroregulation," a term that highlights the neurological response to cognitive demands {of B-2 pilots]... ..A pioneer in this effort is Advanced Neurotechnologies, Inc.(ANI) of Colorado Springs, Colo. Its founder, Richard Patton, combined a personal computer, sensors, commercial electronics, a Motorola 56000 digital signal processor and proprietary software routines to create what he calls the "BrainLink" system. Sensors attached to a headband--or adhered directly on the client's scalp--detect brainwaves that approximate a traditional electroencephalogram(EEG).Signals are amplified and converted from analog to a digital format, then fed to a Motorola digital signal processor. The DSP performs a high-resolution fast-Fourier transform, converting the time-domain brainwave signals to the frequency domain. ...teaches a client to control the display and tones, which correlate to desired brainwave patterns associated with specific mental states."
No author.(1996,March 12).ARPA Battlefield Care Project to Shake Up Medicine. Armed Forces Newswire Service.
"DOD's Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA) has quietly ignited the most radical series of technological changes to hit the practice of medicine since the invention of X-rays. ARPA's medical-technology stable includes an array of high-fidelity virtual-reality medical training and diagnostic simulators; satellite-aided tele-diagnostics for soldiers, now being used for Bosnia operations; tiny embedded diagnostic sensors; telerobots that let remote MASH surgeons operate on badly wounded soldiers; miniature intensive care units that automatically monitor soldiers; and infusively treat soldiers being helicoptered from front lines to MASH units; and high-speed networks that can automatically fuse data from giant databases around the world. The most crucial component of future combat care, said Richard Satava, ARPA's biomedicine program manager, is the personal status monitor(PSM), a continuously worn monitor that he would like to see woven into the soldier's clothing. The PSM would monitor a wide range of vital signs and also host external communication, GPS and other functions. Tied into the PSM might be clothing with "sensate liners," that would detect projectile exit wounds and infer the organs damaged by defining the pathway from entry to exit wounds. Today's edition of Technology Transfer Week reports Satava is particularly excited about a dime-sized PSM sensor, originally developed to fit on bumblebees for radio tracking, that is woven into clothes, and mounts a tiny radio and vital signs sensor.
No author.(1995,June1)The Power of Thought.Daily Mail(London).Pg.40.
"...special electrodes being developed by researchers at the Wadsworth Centre in Albany USA. They attached electrodes to the scalps of volunteers and asked them to move a cursor towards a target on a video screen by thought. Tiny electromagnetic brain signals were amplified by a computer deciding when and how to move the cursor.
No author.(1995,Mar.25).Short Takes;American Topics.International Herald Tribune (France).Lexis-Nexis.
"...The brain emits electrical signals of only a millionth of a volts or so. But studies financed by the National Institutes of Health show that these signals can be amplified enough so that by conscious effort, the subject can move a cursor on a computer screen.
Stork, David G.(1996?).Hal's Legacy 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality.MIT Press. Pg.164.
"Raymond Kurzwell. ...There are already precursors of such a project. For example, a few years ago Carver Mead's company, Synaptics, created an artificial retina chip that is, essentially, a silicon copy of the neural organization of the human retina and its visual-processing, as the human brain does."
Smith, Cyril W. & Best, Simon.(1989). Electromagnetic Man. Pg. 236.
"A team at York University's Physics Department, for example, has built and tested a 'Faraday magnetometer' under contract to GCHQ, to pick up very weak magnetic fields, possibly for use in remote eavesdropping(The times, 1988)."
Here are a few articles which describe the Korean brainwashing of the 1950s. It clearly demonstrates the necessary political will to support a massive effort to control man before the Russians do, including projects to solve the mysteries of the brain for political and military purposes. The Korean brainwashing scare seems to be the event that triggered the race for the brain code.
No author. (1977, Aug.2). Mind-Control Studies Had Origins in Trial.New York Times.
In the summer of 1977, it may be difficult for Americans to comprehend the frame of mind of the men who nearly 30 years earlier started the Central Intelligence Agency's effort to manipulate human behavior. As some of the former high-ranking CIA men recall now, they had looked into the vacant eyes of Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty at his treason trial in Budapest in 1949 and had been horrified. They had been convinced that his confession had been wrung from him while he was either under the influence of some mysterious, mind-bending drug or that he was standing before the dock in a post-hypnotic trance. The sight touched off memories of earlier "show trials" in the Soviet Union. The CIA leaders were certain the Communists had embarked on a campaign to control men's minds and they were determined to find a defense, setting out in earnest the next year-1950-with Project Bluebird...
Slesin, Louis.(19?)."Zapped? Radiation at Greenham Common Peace Camp" The Nation. Editorial Pg. 313.
Louis Slesin editor of the publication Microwave News stated: "In The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, published in 1979, John Marks relates that in response to a Freedom of Information Act request, the CIA told him that it had a roomful of files on electromagnetic and related techniques to alter behavior and stimulate the brain. The agency refused to release the papers, and they remain classified."
Subcommittee on Health and Scientific research of the Committee on Human Resources United States Senate, September 20 and 21, 1977.
Gottlieb, Sidney, Md.. former CIA agent. Pg.169.
"In the judgment of the CIA, there was tangible evidence that both the Soviets and the Red Chinese might be using techniques of altering human behavior which were not understood by the USA and which would have implications of national survival in the context of national survival in the context of national security concerns at that time. It was felt to be mandatory and of the utmost urgency for our intelligence organization to establish what was possible in this field on a high priority basis."
Pg. 202. "Dr. Gottlieb. ...As I remember it, there was a current interest, running interest, all the time in what affects people's standing in the field of radio energy have, and it could easily have been that somewhere in many projects, someone was trying to see if you could hypnotize somebody easier if he was standing in a radio beam. ...I would remind you that the problem of radio waves and what it does to people is [an] extremely current interest in connection with events in an important embassy overseas now. There is great concern about that."
The history of science, the military, corporations and government involvement from the 1940s up to today. Classified military research was used to fight the cold war. It can be seen how mind control technology could be developed out of the public eye and with the support of top officials. Teams of elite scientists were used to tackle military problems. The Cybernetics Group, Brain Research Institute, the Institute for Defense Analysis and their JASON Group and also their Golden Fleece Group are a few examples given below. Prominent scientists were given military funding generated by the race to surpass the Russians.
By looking at the nature of the scientific military organizations which sponsor Manhattan Projects, the origins of mind control research can be found. This is the point of this lengthy but very interesting information. Atomic bomb research and mind control research do follow a similiar pattern. The same corporations, military offices, scientist's names and leading officials are repeatedly found in several different sources listed below. Radiation and mind control experiments occurred in the cold war era within the same bureaucracy.
McDougall, Walter.(1985)The Heavens and the Earth. Basic Books.
"...the AAF, however, turned to is new advisory body, the RAND Corporation, for an independent opinion on the prospect and value of an earth satellite. ...the USAF also assigned RAND the task of "continuing studies of the potential military utility of earth satellites-including work on the use of such devices for cold war politico-psychological advantage for communications and for purposes of observation." ...In March 1954 Eisenhower summoned the Office of Defense Mobilization's Science Advisory Committee and apprised its members of the growing danger faced by the United States....It was imperative that the best minds in the country attend to the technological problem of preventing another Pearl Harbor. The result was the Technological Capabilities Panel(TCP) Report, or "Killian report," ...Its authors included James F. Killian, later president of Bell Labs,...Edwin H. Land, inventor of the Polaroid camera ...and over forty scientists and engineers. Reporting to the NSC in a "full-dress" secret session, The Killian panel presented ... ...Eisenhower had commissioned another top-secret strategic review. Entrusted to H. Rowan Gaither, Jr., of the Ford Foundation, who fell ill, it was completed under Robert C. Sprague a veteran consultant from the Killian panel) and such luminaries as William C. Foster, John J. McCloy, Frank Stanton of CBS, and Jerome Wiesner. They reported ...a crash program on R & D for defensive systems, a national fallout shelter program costing upward of $25 billion,... ...Spy satellites proved successful beyond the most sanguine expectations of laymen(what Edwin Land and the technicians expected is unknown). ...During the same weeks the Kennedy transition team eagerly polled scientist, academic, and military and civilian strategists for their views on the shape of things to come ... ...By New Year's 1961,two U.S. spy satellite programs verged on brilliant success. Thanks to the energetic advocacy of Richard M. Bissell, Jr., of the CIA,... ...The International Telecommunications Convention of 1973, which possesses treaty status, regulated the use of comsats and radio frequencies. ...By 1963 the government supplied 88 percent of the entire Caltech budget, 66 percent of MIT's 59 and 56 percent of the
University of Chicago's and Princeton's and a 25 percent chunk of Harvard's and Stanford's.
Buderi, Robert.(1996). The Invention that Changed the World: How a Small Group of Radar Pioneers Won the Second World War and Launched a Technological Revolution.Simon and Schuster. Pg. 470.
"...For starters, with some two thirds of national defense contract R&D dollars going to sixty-eight corporations, and an astonishing 40 percent to only ten companies,... ...Roosevelt died before [Vannevar]Bush completed the Document ...Science-The Endless Frontier on to Harry Truman. It was a land mark document that formed a focal point in a lengthy congressional debate over the best method for distributing federal research funds and ensuring the scientific, technical, and economic prosperity of the Nation. ...The stalemate continued until a compromise was reached in early 1950. ...Capitalizing on their five-year head start, the armed services, led by the Office of Naval Research, became the main supporters of academic research and NSF's strength was diluted further by the emergence of the Atomic Energy Commission and NASA as additional funding sources."
Brown, Anthony Cave.(1982).Wild Bill Donovan. The Last Hero. Times Books. Pg. 802.
"...In 1948 Donovan was to find out for himself how weak the CIA had become. That year the secretary of defense, James Forestal, invited him to serve on a small secret committee consisting of Dr. Vannevar Bush, Admiral Sidney Souers, and General Alfred M. Gruenther, to study the problems of defense against unconventional attack against the United states , including clandestine attack employing biological weapons, ..The subject was divided into seven subjects for investigation: ...4. Certain special applications of psychological warfare(i.e., thought control or special mode, as it was called).
Becker, Robert O. & Selden, Gary.(). Body Electric. "The establishment's attitude toward EMR (Electromagnetic Radiation) health effects are based on the work of Herman Schwan. Schwan was a professor in Germany during most of the Nazi era, who was admitted to the U.S. in 1947 and accepted a job at the University of Pennsylvania doing most of his research for the DOD(Department of Defense)." Editor's note. Many scientists such as Dr. Schwan may have had a "need to know" security clearance. This is important to keep in mind because there are many examples of scientists working on parts of classified projects without knowing the whole picture.
Kaplan, Fred.(1983). Wizards of Armageddon. Simon & Schuster.
Pg. 189. "In 1949, a group of six Institute professors, including Bernard Brodie and Kaufmann, was hired by the social science division of the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica to do part-time work analyzing psychological warfare."
Kaplan, Fred.(1960?). Scientists at War The Birth of The Rand Corporation. American Heritage.
Pg. "By the Fall of 1947 the RAND staff had grown to one hundred and fifty. For anyone interested in some vague combination of mathematics, science, international affairs, and national security, RAND offered an ideal setting. There was an intense intellectual climate but no teaching obligations or boring faculty meetings. There was access to military secrets but no military officers from whom to take direct orders."
Szulc, Tad.(1975, Dec.). The Mind Readers and Other Tales of Science Fiction Research by the Pentagon's Think Tank. Washington Monthly. Editor's note. This article found in a very important congressional hearing, a must read. Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary US Senate.(1976)Surveillance Technology Policy and Implications: An Analysis and Compendium of Materials. Pg.1036.
"...As matters now stand, scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to the University of California and a dozen other famous schools are involved in ARPA research. Some of these scientists belong to a highly exclusive, informal group known as the "Golden Fleece," men and women picked in the late 1950s by the Pentagon-funded Institute for Defense Analysis for some of the most esoteric and complex defense research. ARPA, upon its birth in 1958, immediately received the benefit of the talents of these "Jasons," as they are still called. ARPA officials says that some 20 "Jasons"-an elite, informal, almost secret group-are still at its disposal. Over the years, the "Jasons" have been holding quiet brainstorming sessions at hideaways around the country to feed ARPA ideas."
Science Against the People. Berkeley Sespa. The Story of Jason-The Elite Group of Academic Scientists who, as Technical Consultants to the Pentagon, have Developed the Latest Weapon Against Peoples' Liberation Struggles: "Automated Warfare."(1972) Pg. 3. "At the end of World War II many of the country's leading scientists, who had been involved in such war research as the atomic bomb and radar, left full-time government work and returned to the college campuses . The military, of course, did not want to lose all this valuable talent. In addition to it's own "in-house" laboratories, the Defense Department sought to establish ongoing consulting liaison with first-rate scientists. At first this service was obtained through the RAND corporation and some scientific advisory committees attached directly to the Pentagon; some scientist also consulted for industrial corporations working on defense contracts. The industrial consulting jobs did extremely well, but the scientists involved felt that they were not close enough to the center of power to influence policy decisions. On the other hand, scientists in Washington often felt restricted by the particular government agency they consulted for and also found the government consulting fee scales to be very low. Therefore, the idea of a new, independent research and consulting organization arose: This was the Institute for Defense Analyses, IDA. Set up nominally as a private, non-profit corporation, IDA worked on the basis of contracts with the Pentagon for particular research problems of interest to the military. IDA could determine its own salary scales and it hoped to attract high calibre scientists with the promise of considerable "freedom" of their choice of problem to be worked on. A group of the very brightest young scientists was recruited into a sub-group of IDA called Jason. The whole success of this enterprise depended upon establishing it as a mark of highest prestige to be invited into this elite group. IDA's Cold-War Ideology. The original political-philosophical outlook of IDA and Jason was boldly stated in terms of cold-war ideology. Their literature of ten years ago told of the creation of IDA as arising from "the inescapable realization that International Communism is imperialistic in nature and that its goal is no less than world domination." ..."Jason and the "McNamara Fence" The most detailed public account of Jason's contribution to the Vietnam War is contained in the Pentagon Papers: the 1966 Jason summer study which gave birth to a new form of technological warfare, now known as the automated, or electronic battlefield. ...Early in 1966, a clique of Harvard-MIT scientists with high level connections in Washington persuaded Defense Secretary Robert McNamara to sponsor a special study on "technical possibilities in relation to our military operations in Vietnam." With this prompting, McNamara formally requested the scientist to look into the feasibility of "a fence ...warning systems, defoliation techniques and area denial weapons." This special scientific study group was assembled under the auspices of the Jason Division of IDA, the group of 47 scientists represented "the cream of the scholarly community in technical fields"..."a group of America's most distinguished scientists, men who had helped the government produce many of its most advanced technical weapons systems since the end of the Second World War, men who were not identified with the vocal academic criticism of the Administration's Vietnam policy." This Jason study group met during the summer of 1966, starting off with a series of briefings by high officials from the Pentagon, the Central Intelligence Agency, the State Department and the White House. They were given access to secret materials. ...thus we are drawn to conclude that the clique of top-level scientific advisors were instrumental not only in initiating the electronic battlefield ideas(1966), not only in helping the implementation of the system in Vietnam(1968), but also in extending this new warfare system to a world-wide capability(1970). ...The technological wing of the military-industrial complex does not necessarily win wars. We have seen that it certainly can help prolong them. ...Since most Jason work is highly classified, and it is customary to keep secret the titles and even the very existence of most highly classified reports, we can conclude that this information represents only the tip of the iceberg. ...One of the distant branches of the sensor development has been described by Joseph A. Meyer, a computer specialist working for the National Security Agency and funded by the Department of Defense ("Crime Deterrence Transponder Systems", IEEE Transactions AES-7 no. 1, January 1971): "A transponder surveillance system is based on three ideas. First, parolees, bailees, or recidivists will each carry a small radio transponder, which cannot be removed, as a condition of their release. This transponder will emit a radio signal which gives a positive and unique identification. Second, a network of surveillance transceivers will interrogate transponders in a neighborhood. Third, a realtime computer will receive the transponder reports, update location and tracking inventories for each subscriber, and control the surveillance process. Every subscriber must be accounted for at all times. ...For urban areas, a mesh of transceivers would scan the streets, communicating with central computers to provide a public surveillance network." Meyer goes on to discuss special problems: Harlem--"a high crime area"; group actions and large-scale confrontations; juveniles;etc. [Here is a list of Jason members, that were also mentioned elsewhere in this paper.] Princeton University and Institute for Advanced Studies Freeman Dyson ...Kenneth Watson (Professor of Physics, UC, Berkeley) Watson was one of the group that founded Jason in 1959. At first they were thinking of forming their own private consulting company, but they finally decided to let IDA be their business manager; This avoided the problem of profits (taxes). There is usually a 6-week summer study session and then a couple of long weekend meetings during the school year. Government people come and outline problems they would like Jason to solve. Most of the work is for the Defense Department. The purpose of Jason is to supply purely technical information for the government; it is non-political. Jason has never taken a position on any subject, as an organization. We are just a group of individuals... ...As to his personal attitude about the military, he said that since it is an $80 billion budget he couldn't make a blanket statement.
Heims, Steve J.(1980). John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener. MIT.
Pg. 180. "While the high technology with which each was concerned led directly to weapons development, it suggested incidentally to both men similarities in principle between machines and organisms, particularly parallels between high technology and the human nervous system."
Pg. 275. "In May 1953 von Neumann assumed the chairmanship of the nuclear weapons panel of the Scientific Advisory Board of the US Air Force...In May 1954, von Neumann had occasion to make a list of all the organizations to which he was a consultant, twenty-one in all, mostly government organizations but also some private companies. The latter included the Standard Oil Company, IBM Ramo-Wooldrigdge, the Rand Corporation.
Forman, Paul.(1987)Behind Quantum Electronics: National security as basis for physical research in the United States, 1940-1960. HSPS, 18:1.
Pg. 160. "Raytheon had particularly close ties to MIT: Vannevar Bush had been one of its founders..." Pg. 170. "During the 1950s the cumulative number of announced and available number of papers properly published in U.S. physics journals-about 50,000-but it was probably only some small percentage of the (unknown) number of security classified reports in physics and its technical applications prepared in that decade. Pg. 173. "As Marvin Kelly,President of Bell Labs, told the banqueting members of the American Physical Society early in 1957, "the ivory towered existence is no more...37" 37. "...Bell Telephone Laboratories were different only to the extent that 40% rather than 80% of their budget cam from DOD." Pg. 202. 87. "...Thus A. Abraham's massive Principles of Nuclear Magnetism(Oxford, 1961) is above all else, a treatise on quantum electronics." 88. "...at Bell Labs some 2000 scientists and engineers were engaged in war work;" 89. "...Similarly, "the tremendous advances in the fundamental investigation of paramagnetic materials...is in great part due to the existence of microwave equipment and techniques which were evolved during the war," Pg. 208. 103. ..."In June 1952 an Air Force spokesman implied that slightly more than half of the research sponsored by that service at universities and university-affiliated laboratories was classified, but that three-fourths of that classified research was performed in six institutions where classified research was segregated in affiliated laboratories;... Pg. 214. "In September 1959...a symposium on "Quantum Electronics-Resonance Phenomena,"... ...The Office of Naval Research,...realized the growing significance of the field of quantum electronics, which is actually producing a revolution in microwave techniques." Pg. 222. "...asking why those tilling the most fundamental of all fields of physics accepted such a "utilitarian and pragmatic, but fragmentary, concept of science with the consequent abandoning of its traditional aim of the unification of knowledge." In answer Cini, pointing particularly to the Institute of Defense Analysis' "Jason" group, and stressing that inclusion in this consultative elite functioned as a mark of scientific eminence among U.S. theorists, suggested that this drastic shift in epistemic goals "was not a mechanical adaptation [to] an environment...but an active identification of its own interests-in the widest sense-with the ...objectives...and the scale of values of the American society of those years by a leadership that came from within that environment."
Heims, Steven J.Cybernetics Group. MIT.
"Another group of physicists displayed their self-confidence after the war by invading the traditional domain of biology, proposing to unravel the code-script embodied in the genes as suggestion in Erwin Schrodinger's widely read book with the enticing title What is Life? (1944). A dedicated group of researchers who became known as the "phage group" formed around Max Delbruck and Salvador Luria and gathered in the summers at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island: they were as narrowly goal-oriented as the designers of the atom bomb had been during the war. In this group young researchers obtained the training and orientation that eventually led to the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule and creation of the new discipline of molecular biology."
Editor's note. There are many articles which show that scientists and the military were very interested deciphering the brain.
Halacy, Daniel S. Jr.(1960) Bionics Science of Living Machines. Holiday House.
"...Among the organizations that assisted are the Department of Defense and its individual services, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, Stanford Research Institute, General Electric Company, Lockheed-California Company... ...Dr. W.R. Adey of the University of California at Los Angeles. Speaking of another scientific symposium in 1960, he said: "For collaborative engineering efforts to be fruitful, we would respectfully ask that the engineer first learn his biology." There were 30 speakers at the first Bionics Symposium, and about 700 in the audience representing engineers, physicists, mathematicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, biologists... They listened to papers typified by the following titles: ...Problems in Bio-Computer Design, What Good are Artificial Neurons?
Rose, Frank.(1984).Into the Heart of the Mind.Pg. 42.
"The Sloan Foundation is betting $20 million that it can, and that should count for something. The Sloan foundation is the less splashy of New York's two great automobiles philanthropies. Unlike the Ford Foundation, it doesn't conduct its business in a plate-glass cube on East Forty-second Street. Its headquarters are in a very private office suite, thickly carpeted and painted a safe beige, high above Fifth Avenue in Rockefeller Center. Nor is it in the habit of supporting causes that might be considered questionable or avant-garde. Throughout its fifty years of existence, Sloan has... Its interest in cognition began in1970 with the decision to support the emerging discipline of neuroscience-the study of the brain. Seven years and $15 million later, with neuroscience established as a respected academic endeavor, the officers of the foundation began looking around for something else to support. The neuroscientists suggested cognitive science. In 1976 the foundation announced that it was following their advice, and the race for funding was on.
Editor's note. The Brain Research Institute. This is just one example of how the same top scientists may know of or have developed the technology for classified mind control related research under professional organizations with strong government connections. The researchers include Dr. West(New York Times, CIA behavior control experiments, see CAHRA website, human rights abuse report, prisoners.), Dr. Brazier, Dr. Adey, Dr. Pribram, Dr. Lilly(government work), Dr. Sweet(mind manipulation for political purposes, according to Professor Alan Scheflin), Dr. Frey(microwave hearing, See CAHRA Timeline). The UCLA Office of Sponsored Research (at 310-825-4031) contract Specialist on 2-17-98 stated the policy on classified research at UCLA. For the last ten years UCLA has not and does not conduct classified research.
Steneck, Nicholas H.(1984). The Microwave Debate.MIT Press. Pg. 86.
"So it was that the Air Force Systems Command, a primary recipient of most of the translated Soviet reports, contacted the head of the Brain Research Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, for the purpose of calling a conference on Neurological Responses to External Electromagnetic Stimuli. The announced purpose of the UCLA meeting was to discuss scientific explanations that might account for a number of reports of apparent central nervous system and behavioral effects being received by the air force."
Pg. 84. "One year after the conference and Knauf's report, Soviet scientist traveled to the United States to attend the Fourth International Conference on Medical Electronics. The papers they presented plainly indicated that Soviet researchers, unlike their U.S. counterparts, were extremely interested in the consequences of low-level, athermal effects, particularly on the central nervous system. ...A.N. Obrosov, noted that Soviet scientists had been studying personnel effects since 1942. ...If there were important discoveries to be made, the United States could not be caught napping, as it had been with the launch of Sputnik in October 1957. ...Translators working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the air force, the army and Bell Labs in Whippany, New Jersey, began pouring through Soviet journals to find out just how much they knew about RF bioeffects. ...Lewis Bach ..."These reports have been going on for many, many years and I think we ought to ...on likely clues and likely lines and push them very hard to see if there is something or if there is not something..." ...Following the UCLA conference, the military, which controlled the RF bioeffects pursestrings and therefore made the major policy decisions, decided both to fish and cut bait. Publicly talk of athermal effects was downplayed. Open contracts were not awarded for athermal or central nervous system studies, and in fact efforts were even made to keep information about central nervous system research from circulating too widely. Privately, however, the military and the State Department began work to try to determine whether there was any factual basis for a belief in the direct effect of RF radiation on human behavior and whether perhaps the Soviets had gotten the jump in exploiting such effects for espionage and military purposes."
Brain Research Institute, UCLA. Third Annual Report. July 1, 1963 to June 30 1964.
Pg. 35. "...Dr. Adey, with the association of Mr. Kado and Dr. Porter, developed a method of measuring impedance in brain tissue, providing an entirely new dimension in which to study the functional capacity of neural tissue. Having been used extensively in animals, the method was used during the past year in assessing brain function of patients where, in general, comparable responses were obtained.
P 61. Conferences. "Conference on Speech, Language and Communication. Sponsored jointly by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research ...1963." Participants included ...Lilly, John C. Communication Research Institute, Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida, Pribram, Karl H. Dept of Psychiatry, Stanford U.,Sweet William H. Neurological Surgery, Adey, W.Ross.
Pg. 64. Air Force Conference on Neurological Responses to External Electromagnetic Energy ...1963. Participants included Frey, Allen W. Institute for Research State College, Pennsylvania, Institute of Defense Analysis, Ad Hoc Committee for Secretary of Defense McNamara.
Pg. 71 Consultants or Advisors to State, Federal or International Agencies. International Brain Research Organization Council(Brazier...) ..Weizmann Institute, Israel-Medical Electronic and Biocomputing (Estrin).
Wright, Stephen.(1994,Jan.29).Weapons of Control.New Scientist.Pg.55.
"...Way back in 1970, US congressman James Scheur commented that: 'As a result of spinoffs from medical, military aerospace and industrial research, we are now in the process of developing devices and products capable of controlling violent mobs without injury. We can tranquilize, impede, immobilise, harass, shock, upset, stupefy, nauseate, chill, temporarily blind, deafen or just plain scare the wits out of anyone the police have a proper need to control and restrain.' The 1972 Security Planning Corporation report on nonlethal weapons to the National Science Foundation listed 34 different types using electrical, optical, acoustic, thermal, kinetic impact, chemical irritant and barrier devices to produce control effects. ...any of us might become future targets, since in reality these weapons will form part of the future's technology of political control.
Tigner, Brooks.(1996,April7).Israel To Join EU in Tech Research.Defense News.Pg.3.
"Israeli companies are preparing to join a broad range of strategic high-technology research projects funded by the European Union(EU) following an unprecedented accord signed last week between Brussels and Tel Aviv. ...Scientific and research contacts between Israel and the European Union date back to 1975 and include work on nearly 100 joint research projects in material engineering, opto-electronics and neurosciences.
Editor's note. This book is long so just skim to the area you are interested in! The purpose of this book is to show the interest in mind control, to show similarities to what the victims describe and the goals of military neurological researchers, to show the money invested in this technology and how classified it is. These are the main points. The following articles are examples of the search in the 1940s by scientists for the basis of human consciousness and for its control.
Heims, Steven.(1991). Cybernetics Group. MIT
Preface. "The subject of this book is the series of multidisciplinary conferences, supported by the Macy Foundation and held between 1946 and 1953, to discuss a wide array of topics that eventually came to be called cybernetics." Pg. 11. ...included several mathematicians (Norbert Wiener, John von Neumann), engineers (Julian Bigelow, Claude Shannon), a neuropsychiatrist (Warren McCulloch), and a polymatic genius (Walter Pitts). Some members of this group had proposed that their concepts useful in engineering and biology,... For lack of a better collective name we shall refer to this group as the cyberneticians, although they would never have used this term themselves. ..."Fremont-Smith[Josiah Macy Foundation] was so cautious that I got the impression he was anxious to keep something private- ...Much later I learned of the CIA involvement, ...(the Macy Foundation's records have not been open for researchers). At the Macy meetings, as the unedited transcript shows, the political conditions were discussed explicitly from time to time. Some participants were government consultants who worked on "classified" topics kept secret from other researchers; their priorities were such that they skipped attendance at the conferences whenever the government called. McCulloch described the situation at the beginning of the ninth meeting in 1952: I would like to say that two things have interfered with our gathering this time. One of those is an increasing source of anxiety to me...Thing after thing that one or another person has wanted to discuss at this meeting has been locked up for "secret." I have no idea how far that process will go in time to come. I know that von Neumann had something he wanted to talk to us about and that it is secret. I know that some stuff that Bavelas wanted to talk about to us has become secret. And so it goes. Pg. 251. "I looked up Bateson in Sea Life Park in 1968. I had written to him in connection with my interest in the history of the Macy cybernetics meetings. His response was, "There is certainly a piece of scientific history to be dug out of these meetings-I believe more profound and dramatic than The Double Helix." Pg. 256. "John Stroud, who also used cybernetics to give form to his personal metaphysics and synthesis, was a lively, active participant at the Macy meetings. Everyone at the conferences agreed he was a bright and talented young scientist, but a quarter-century after the meetings several participants asked me, "Whatever became of John Stroud?" ...He is something of a mystery figure. A McCulloch protege, ...He spent most of the rest of his working life as a civilian employee of the U.S. Navy, his work hidden from the scientific community by the veil of military secrecy.
McCorduck, Pamela.(1979).Machines who Think.P.46
"In 1942, at a meeting sponsored by the Josiah Macy Foundations in New York, Arturo Rosenblueth presented the ideas that would appear the following year in the Philosophy of Science paper. In the audience was Dr. Warren McCulloch of the University of Illinois Medical School, who had long been interested in the organization of the cortex of the brain. McCulloch, a neurophysiologist, had already begun working with Walter Pitts, a mathematician, on a mathematical description of certain neural behavior. In 1943, the same year that the Rosenbueth-Wiener-Bigelow paper would appear. McCulloch and Pitts would publish "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity" in Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics....the paper goes on to describe a logical calculus and principles for constructing a class of computing machines that would permit the embodiment of any theory of mind or behavior ...their publication could well be taken as the birth of explicit cybernetics."
Editor's note. Here is just one of numerous similar articles.
"A Method for the Remote control of Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System-E. Leon Chaffe, Professor of Physics, Harvard University, and Richard U. Light, Instructor in Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Volume 7, Number 2 December 1934.
Editors note. I.I. Rabi may have consulted with the government to decode the brain. It is one of the many research leads to follow. I.Rabi worked for the MIT Radiation Lab to develop radar for World War II along with a who's who of physicists, Hans Bethe, Luis Alvarez, Ed McMillan, to name a few. Radar is a device that can detect invisible or distant objects by means of reflected radio waves and is capable of locating them accurately in space. He is known as the discoverer of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Molecular Beams.
"Isidor Isaac Rabi(The scientist in public affairs) has been Associate Director of the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Chairman of the general advisory committee to the Atomic Energy Commission. He has been Higgins Professor of Physics at Columbia University since 1950, and is a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1944."
Calder, Nigel, editor. 1968. Unless Peace Comes, Scientific Forecast of new Weapons. Viking Press.
Ramsey, Norman.(1956)Molecular Beams.Oxford at the Clarendon Press.
"The molecular beam magnetic resonance was first introduced by Rabi and his associates (RAB 38 KEL 39) in 1938. ...Precision measurements of nuclear, molecular, and atomic properties began in 1938 with the introduction of the molecular-beam resonance method by Rabi and his associates (RAB 38,KEL 39). At first, the resonance method was applied to the measurement of nuclear magnetic moments only, but it was soon extended as a more general technique of radiofrequency spectroscopy initially by Kellogg, Rabi, Ramsey, and Zacharias (KEL 39a) in applications to molecules ...
Bar-Ilan University Press.(1996).Pioneers of NMR and Magnetic Resonance in Medicine: the Story of MRI. Pg. 567-8
Richard R. Ernst. Pioneer of Fourier-Transform NMR and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging. "...improving the sensitivity of the technique tenfold or even hundredfold... ......Fourier transformation and pulse techniques, what is that? Let me try to illustrate it through an analogy. Remember first that spectroscopy is very much concerned with the detection of signals from a sample containing some compound. Assume that you are interested in finding out how well tuned a piano is. ...The traditional, "old-fashioned" way of doing this would of course be to hit each key in succession and record the frequencies-the signals from our sample if you wish. ...Now there is a much faster way of getting the same results: ...hit all keys at once. You have now performed a pulse experiment. ...But how could you possibly extract the individual tones from the cacophony? ...Fourier transformation. ...Savings in time can be used in another way, to increase sensitivity. To continue our analogy, ..."signals" from the [piano]strings barely audible about the background noise in the room. Now you could improve the detection of these weak signals by hitting the keys of this same piano 100 times every sixth second and adding the result. This would improve the signal-to-noise ratio tenfold... ...When Fourier transform NMR was introduced around 1970 it had a tremendous impact on the applicability of NMR technique to chemistry.
Cannon, Martin(1980?). The Controllers.Internet.
"...In his autobiography The Scientist, John C. Lilly....records a conversation he had with the director of the National Institute of Mental Health--in 1953. The director asked Lilly to brief the CIA, FBI, NSA, and the various military intelligence services on his work using electrodes to stimulate directly the pleasure an pain centers of the brain. Lilly refused, noting, in his reply: Dr. Antoine Remond, using our techniques in Paris, has demonstrated that this method of stimulation of the brain can be applied to the human without the help of the neurosurgeon; he is doing it in his office in Paris without neurosurgical supervision. This means that anybody with the proper apparatus can carry this out on a person covertly, with no external signs that electrodes have been used on that person. I feel that if this techniques got into the hands of a secret agency, they would have total control over a human being and be able to change his beliefs extremely quickly, leaving little evidence of what they had done."
Editors note. Dr. Antoine Remond, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris(France) is on the Handbook Editorial Committee of the International Federation of Societies for EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1978. J Lilly, K Pribram Dr. Adey and many other top scientists attended Brain and Behavior Conference in 1961 and many other similar conferences. There are many research leads to follow. A.S. Gevins, co-editor with Dr. Remond conducts eeg research funded by "Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific research..." The following articles demonstrate the active search to solve the mysteries of the brain and to develop this knowledge, continuing up to the present time.
Pribram Karl H. (1996)?.Rethinking Neural Networks Quantum Fields and Biological Data. Pg. 156-7.
"B. Multiple Personality "Personality" is a consistent pattern of responses to stimuli and situations. In QND, the personality of the stochastic filter is determined by the locally homotopic mappings of experience onto the neural domain and by the configuration of discontinuities between homotopic domains. A conscious train of thought consists of a well-formed wave packet propagating within the neural domain in response to the combination of inputs from a number of sources, including the sensory apparatus and the outputs of other domains at various levels of abstraction. When the probability density corresponding to this wave packet produces an expectation that does not compare will with the actual ensemble of inputs, the result is a potential field gradient (or "barrier", if it is sufficiently steep) that deflects the wave packet toward states associated with less prediction error. Suppose that when the network's personality is being formed, it experiences a deliberately consistent "diabolical" training in which certain common experiences are interrupted with frustrating or painful intervention. QND learning will encode the painful experience on the trajectory so that it will be properly predicted as a consequence of the prior experience. (Incidentally, QND learning models classical conditioning even though it is simple Hebbian, because of the causal dynamics of the Schroedinger equation.) whenever the common experience subsequently occurs without the intervention of the diabolical agent, the extreme difference between the expected punishment and the benign experience drives the conscious wave packet away from the states where the pain was stored. This "avoidance" has two consequences, one obvious and the other subtle. The obvious effect is that the deflected wave packet will generate an altered behavior pattern. The subtle effect is that the neurons where the painful patterns are encoded will be prevented from receiving enough probability to allow the patterns to be corrected. Now suppose that the diabolical training is "extensive", both figuratively and literally. that is, suppose that it succeeds in placing other avoidance patterns into a geometry that surrounds and isolates a large cognitive domain from the rest of the neural network. Subsequently, wavepackets that form in that domain will be trapped there, and that domain will then develop a personality that is distinct from the personality of the exterior domains(s). But the entrapment is not permanent: Quantum tunneling provides a mechanism for penetration of the barrier, after which another distinct personality emerges."
Editor's note. Dr. Pribram is a Stanford University Professor, a very credible professional. The above excerpt was a quantum level description of multiple personality. (See Operation Mind Control by Walter Bowart,1978 and 1995,Flatland Publishing for military involvement in this area of research). This is very significant proof that the brain code has been discovered.
Baker, CB. ELF Biological Warfare Upon America. Youth Action News. PO box 312 Alexandria, Virginia 22313.
"...neurophysiologist Karl Pribram has spent most of his career documenting the holographic model of the human brain. ...holography is a method of lensless photography in which the wave field of light scattered by an object is recorded on a plate as an interference pattern. when the photographic record --the hologram --is placed in a coherent light beam like a laser, the original wave pattern is regenerated. A three-dimensional image appears. ...Any piece of the hologram will reconstruct the entire image." Ken Wilbur[wrote Holographic Paradigm, 1982] described the work of the great quantum physicist David Bohm who "says that the hologram is a starting point for a new description of reality: the enfolded order. ...Also electron beams could do the same thing or sound waves could make holograms, any form of movement could constitute a hologram... ...Marilyn Ferguson[wrote Brain Revolution1970?] who stated: "the holographic supertheory says that our brains mathematically construct 'hard' reality by interpreting frequencies from a dimension transcending time and space. The brain is a hologram. Michael Talbot [wrote The Holographic Universe, 1991] "Any wavelike phenomena can create an interference pattern, including light and radio waves... ...described the work of an eighteenth century Frenchman named Jean B.J.. Fourier who "developed a mathematical way of converting any pattern, no matter how complex, into a language of simple waves. He also showed how these wave forms could be converted back into the original pattern." ...could be achieved mathematically,...Fourier transforms...These enable the Nobel Prize winner Dennis Gabor (in 1947) to convert a picture of an object into a blur of interference patterns on a piece of holographic film. ...In 1979, Berkeley neurophysiologists Russell and Karen DaValois discovered that the human brain utilizes Fourier mathematics--"the same mathematics holography employed--to convert visual images into the Fourier language of wave forms." Other scientists "discovered that the brain's visual cortex was responding not to patterns, but to the frequencies of various wave forms." Another group of scientists had discovered that "the human ear was a frequency analyzer" and that our "our skin was sensitive to frequencies of vibrations."
Adey W. Ross, Proctor, Lorne, Technical Editors.(1964, Oct29-30). Symposium the Analysis of Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular Data Using Computer Methods. Washington, D.C.NASA
Contents... Visually-Evoked Potentials Recorded Transcranially in Man. ...Antoine Remond. ...Concepts of Cerebral Organization Arising from Time Series Analysis of Neurophysiological Data...W. Ross Adey. ...Frank Ervin."
Editor's note. And yet another lead to follow, Alan Gevins, electroencephalography, President SAM Technology, Inc. San Francisco, CA. Gevin is listed as a Contributor to the 1996 USAF SAB which contains the drastic predictions of electromagnetic weapons on humans(see CAHRA website, Intelligence Tools). He also authored the article Obstacles to Progress in 1987 EEG Handbook Volume 1 p 668 and makes a telling comment. "...Another line of advanced research which may temper the strict epiphenominalist view suggests that low-intensity, low frequency electromagnetic fields have the capability of influencing the metabolic activity of individual neurons (see review in Adey 1981). If so, such fields could play a significant role in mass neural information processing.
Lawrence Albert & Adey W.Ross.(1982)Nonlinear Wave Mechanisms in Interactions between Excitable Tissue and Electromagnetic Fields.Neurological research, Vol. 4 Number 1/2 p 115.
"It is now well established that intrinsic electromagnetic fields play a key role in a broad range of tissue functions, including embryonic morphogenesis, wound healing, and information transmission in the nervous system. These same processes may be profoundly influenced by electromagnetic fields induced by an external force. Tissue exposure to extremely low frequency(ELF) and ELF-modulated microwave fields at levels below those inducing significant thermal effects has revealed highly nonlinear mechanisms as a basis for observed effects. ...A model is proposed for interaction between excitable tissue and electromagnetic fields, based on nonlinear waves in the cell membrane, with ionic interactions as an essential step."
Mackay, Donald.(1980).Brains, machines and Persons.
"One of the most powerful computational techniques for extracting significant information from brain signals is called 'cross-correlation'. To take a simple example from the work of one of my former colleagues, Dr. D.M.Regan, a flickering light in front of a patient's eyes elicits a weak flickering electrical response from the brain. Often this is less than one millionth of a volt in strength, as recorded from the scalp, and so is normally swamped by the background of general brain activity (typically 10 to 50 millionths of a volt in strength). Dr. Regan devised a simple analogue computer system to multiply together the signal controlling the flickering of the light and the mixture of signals from the brain. Cross-multiplying, followed by averaging, has the effect of steadily enhancing any brain signals that are in step with the flickering input, and averaging out those that are not. As a result, even the feeble responses to flickering light from a nervous system damaged by multiple sclerosis can be easily measured.
Jastrow, Robert.(1981).Enchanted Loom.Simon & Schuster.
"...This research has barely started, but the pace of the progress is astonishing. In one recent experiment, scientists at attached electrodes to the rear of a subjects skull, just above the brain's center of vision. They discovered that this region emitted different electrical patterns, depending on what the subject was looking at. Circles, squares or straight lines-each had its special pattern of electrical waves. In another experiment, scientists detected a special signal that seemed to signify excitement or elation, coming from the seat of feelings and emotions in the brain. Looking at these electrical records, the scientist can tell something about the thoughts and feelings in a person's mind, and the impressions that are passing into his memory.
Rose, Frank.(1984). Into the Heart of the Mind.P.189.
"...in which NASA cosmologist Robert Jastrow foresees the day when brain scientists will be able to dump contents of the mind directly into the circuitry of an electronic computer.
Macay, Donald M. A Mind's Eye View of the Brain. Cybernetics of the Nervous System.Volume17.Elsevier.
"...Few scientists have been more successful than Norbert Wiener... ...The time-honoured problem of relating mind and brain has recently received a new twist with the evolution of artifacts capable of mind-like behavior. ... "I am greatly indebted to the RAND Corporation for assistance in transcribing the talk, given in their Santa Monica Laboratories,...
Wiener, Norbert.(1965).Cybernetics of the Nervous System.Schade Elsevier.
"...The big new principles in the field of physics were slowly being contemplated. Men like Wiener searched for basic concepts, like the random distribution of matter, and relation of matter and electromagnetic radiation, the quantum state of energy in matter, relativity, etc. ...In this early period of Wiener, culmination with his production of the book The Fourier Integral and Certain of its Applications in 1933,... ...Another consideration of Wiener at this time was the phenomenon of harmonic analysis of particles. This is related to the study of Brownian motion , and is the natural outgrowth from quantum mechanics' representations of matter in the form of wave functions. With harmonic analysis this clearly is Wiener's earliest work into 'rhythmic systems." This would later come to dominate all his work, and he stressed the importance for neurophysiology. ...a statement by the Russian neurophysiologist A.V. Napalkov. "We believe that new research methods, engendered by the development of cybernetics lead to a radical change in the methods which so far have been used in the study of the brain. ...In Wiener's belief the property of brain waves is one of highly specific microradiation. ...Dr. Wiener find that his ideas about specific types of radiation associated with nucleic acid complexes randomly scattered within neurons, when applied to encephalography should bring about productive results. "Encephalography has been too much in recognizing wave patterns subjectively. Too little has been done for determining what actually happens there....We have not done enough work making atlases of frequency distributions...This method is looking for specific numbers."
Wiener, Norbert. Rhythms in Physiology with Particular Reference to Encephalography.
"...I am not a physician, I am a mathematician. ...In this lecture I have intended merely to give you a general idea of what my concepts are concerning brain waves. Research work in this line is under way at several places; it is going on in the laboratory of Dr. Lindsley and Dr. Gray Walter, and I hear that an interest in this field is developing in Germany and Russia.
Editors note. Top scientist such as Wiener and Dr. Mary Brazier of the UCLA Brain Research Institute and many others, worked or collaborated together and with the same government and private funding. This is where to look for mind control research. The following article states one problem in deciphering brain signals. But current technology could overcome this obstacle.
McCulloch, Warren S.(1965).Embodiments of Mind.M.T.T. Press.
P v. "There are two kinds of goals directing the current arts of artificial intelligence(AI), parallel distributed processing(PDP), and the hard-wired nets that process images or sounds. The first are products that are useful to industry and the military. This pays for the research. ...Signal-to-noise relations limit considerably the observations that can be made on a living system. ...When Warren, Walter, Pat Wall, and I came to MIT, it was with the aim of marrying physiological date to advanced speculation on how a nervous system works. ...Wiener's letter at the end of three weeks was a lively diatribe on noisy nonlinear systems that were clearly designed to frustrate right-thinking analysts. ...McCulloch and Pitts ...1943 paper which provides for the first time a set of mathematical instruments sufficiently powerful for the conceptual description... and the investigation of the frog's visual system that culminated in the brilliant experiments... [McCulloch] still held that in the end there would be an algorithmic description of the processes that engendered what "perceptual" operations we found. ..The retina is a machine... logical gates but more complex analog processors." Pg.3. "...in 1952, I went to the Research Laboratory of Electronics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to work on the circuit theory of brains."
Pg. 230. J.Y. Lettvin, H.R. Maturana, W.S. McCulloch, and W.H. Pitts. (1959). What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain.IRE.
"This work was supported in part by the ..USAF Office of Sci. Res, ...US Navy(Office of Naval Res.); and in part by Bell Telephone Labs, Inc. Editor's note. This is a very important and interesting paper.
Pg. 216. "McCulloch, Warren S. M.D. Since 1952 Dr. Warren S. McCulloch has been a staff member engaged in the Research Laboratory of Electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ..is also well known as one of the founders of the group who have developed Cybernetics. He was Chairman of the Macy Conference on Cybernetics during its life from 1946 to 1951... ...But Gentleman the title of my paper is not facetious. At the behest of the Mathematical Sciences Division of the Office of Naval Research(ONR), I spent two months abroad, questioning "Where is fancy bred?" ...Dr. Sem Jacobsen spoke well, but gingerly, about implanted electrodes;...hostility ..in the press and lost him financial support for implanted electrodes...has made trouble for Dr. Sherwood[in England] But France is a Catholic country. ..facilitated the work in New Orleans and at Rochester. Percival Bailey, who was one of the first to implant electrodes keeps his copy of the Pope's letter in his desk. In Boston Jim White and Bill Sweet have just been blessed, not merely for implanted electrodes, but...So much for implanted electrodes. They are here to stay. Through them we will record activities in structures heretofore inaccessible, locating the womb of Fancy. ...But let us get back to Salpetriere, where there were many good anatomic and psychologic papers. But the work of Antoine Remond was the crowning success of the meeting. Long years ago he had come to my laboratory in Chicago... combined with accumulators that let him use hundreds of repeated stimulations and so raise the signals way above the noise. The resulting maps of the first special derivative on the surface of the head are impressive. To go from these to the second derivative, which locates the nervous activity as well as possible, is still done by a laborious longhand computation. ...Today it can be done electronically, ..It may take three years to build the gadgets. Remond's work was so impressive that the National Institutes of Health and the European Office, Air Research and Development Command, are now backing it financially, but I understand that Bugnard and Alajouanine are of the opinion that it will raise the envy of those who have done nothing new. ...John Lilly failed to show, and I , as his fellow-American, was commanded to speak on a mathematics suited to neurology. ...Between visits to laboratories and lectures to theoretical physicists, engineers, psychiatrists, and physiologist, I found time to work with Sherwood on the third component of the Laplacian of the cerebral cortex. ...But my principal business in England was the study of artificial intelligence. ...When I reached the National Physical Laboratory for Uttley's symposium on "The Mechanization of Thought Processes," ...But what I saw in Russian faces was that their scientists, like ours, know they are confronted by the problem of the Rabbi of Chelm with his Golem,...The vigil must be endured, even if it entail "Q" clearance.{Q is a national security clearance.] ...On the landing here, I made my bow to ONR and began to contact my Human Factors friends in Astronautics. They could use these circuits. ..Let me recapitulate its discoveries. 1. For the good of patients, implanted electrodes are here to stay; and through them, whether psychiatrists like it or not, we will learn where fancy is bred."
Jeffress, Lloyd A.(1961), Facsimile of the 1951 Edition). Cerebral Mechanisms In Behavior. The Hixon Symposium.Hafner Publishing Co.
"Members of the Hixon Symposium...Warren S. McCulloch, John von Neuman, Linus Pauling...the Hixon Fund was established in 1938 by a grant to the California Institute of Technology ...to support scientific endeavor which offers promise of increased understanding of human behavior.
Editor's note. This article demonstrates the continuing research for figuring out the process of sight, the same line of research based on the same theory, over twenty years later.
Marsh, Alton K.(1979, Jan.29).Special Report: US Air Force; Research and Development: Changing Patterns USAF Studies Arming Weapons Vocally. Aviation Week. Pg. 239.
"...If you could pull off the brain waves through sensors in a helmet," laboratory commander Col. Roy L. DeHart said, "just the thought wave could be used to activate various devices on the airplane by the turn of the century. I'm implying the pilot could call up switching, or select things[such as head-up displays] through thinking about it". ...Fundamental visual process research, headed by Capt. Arthur P.Ginsburg and Mark W. Cannon, is aimed at providing a mathematical description of man's visual capabilities.
Editor's note. For many reasons, most scientists have not protested scientific research for military purposes. Here are a few who did.
Gray, Chris Hables.(1997).Postmodern War.Guilford Press.
Pg. 234-5"...Norbert Wiener, ...did substantial war work at MIT, but by the end of 1946 he said..."I do not expect to publish any future work of mine which may do damage in the hands of irresponsible militarists". Pg. 237. "Or Prof. Joseph Weizenbaum of MIT, who has called on computer scientists not to do vision research since it is framed by military priorities."
Editor's note. People do make a difference. Here is another example from Gray. Pg.255-6. "...a woman named Katya went into the Vandenberg Air Force Base and smashed some computers for the Navstar system, part of World War IV command-and-control network set up by the Pentagon with secret Black Budget funds. The economy of punishments paid her back with three years in a cage to try and forge the link in all our heads: protest=prison. She has moved to subvert such an equation by earning early release and then graduating from Harvard Law School."